Topic: 2024-The Situation in Guyana
Country: Australia
Delegate Name: Brayden Savoie
Conference: GLIMUN
Committee: SPECPOL
Country: Australia
School: Fishers High School
Author: Brayden Savoie
Topic 1: The Situation in Guyana
The Essequibo border dispute between Guyana and Venezuela stems from a complex colonial history dating back to the 19th century. After British Guiana claimed the region in 1835, Venezuela disputed their ownership, which resulted in a 1899 ruling in favor of British Guiana. Venezuela accepted this decision until 1966 when Guyana claimed their independence. Recent developments, including the discovery of significant oil reserves in the Essequibo region in 2015, have increased tensions. Venezuela’s 2023 policy, which annexed the Essequibo region despite international objections, has further strained relations. Both nations have escalated military activities near the disputed area, increasing the risk of conflict and destabilizing a region already struggling with economic challenges and refugee crises
Australia is committed to the principles of protecting international law, particularly the peaceful resolution of disputes and the sovereignty of states. Australia strongly supports Guyana’s legal claim to the Essequibo region, which aligns with the 1899 uling and the ongoing proceedings at the International Court of Justice (ICJ). Australia opposes Venezuela’s annexation efforts, as they violate the Geneva Agreement of 1966 and undermine the stability of the region. As a global advocate for the rule of law, Australia urges both parties to abide by ICJ decisions and international norms. Additionally, Australia recognizes the importance of Essequibo’s resources to Guyana’s economic development and calls for fair access to these resources for the benefit of both nations. Venezuela depends on oil for 95% of its export revenue, while Guyana is seeing major growth in its oil industry, which is projected to contribute over $8 billion to its GDP by the next year.
To resolve the conflict peacefully, Australia advocates for a multilateral approach involving regional organizations like CARICOM and global institutions such as the United Nations. First, an immediate ceasefire agreement should be brokered to prevent military escalation. Second, both nations should engage in ICJ-mediated negotiations, ensuring the ruling is respected by all parties. Third, economic cooperation should be encouraged, with shared agreements on the development of the Essequibo’s resources to benefit both economies. Finally, international observers should monitor compliance with agreements to build trust and transparency. These measures aim to create a sustainable resolution that respects sovereignty, promotes regional stability, and ensures equitable resource sharing
Sources:
United Nations Press Release SG/SM/18879-ICJ/630
The Geneva Agreement, 1966
Stabroek News
Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS)
