September 16, 2019
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Situation in the Central African Republic

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United Nations Security Council

Topic: Situation in the Central African Republic

The Central African Republic (CAR) has faced persistent instability for over a decade. In 2013, the country descended into violence after the Séléka rebel coalition overthrew President François Bozizé. Armed groups across the country began fighting for control, leading to severe human rights violations and mass displacement. In response, the United Nations established the Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) in 2014 to protect civilians and help restore order. Despite these efforts, peace remains fragile and much of the country continues to be affected by insecurity, weak governance, and humanitarian crisis.

Today, more than half of the CAR’s population needs humanitarian assistance. Armed groups still control large portions of the territory, and civilians face violence, food shortages, and displacement. The presence of foreign forces, including private military contractors, has complicated the security landscape and raised questions about sovereignty and accountability. Meanwhile, efforts to organize elections and rebuild state institutions have been hindered by limited resources and ongoing conflict. The government struggles to maintain control outside the capital, Bangui, as regional instability continues to spill over the borders from places such as Sudan and Chad.

The Security Council faces the challenge of determining how to support stability and peace in the CAR without undermining national sovereignty or repeating past failures. Delegates should consider how MINUSCA’s mandate can be strengthened or adapted to current conditions, how to address the root causes of violence and weak governance, and how to ensure that humanitarian aid reaches civilians effectively. The future of the CAR depends not only on immediate security responses but also on beginning to build institutions capable of lasting peace and protecting human rights.

 

Focus Questions:

  • What role do external actors (regional states, neighbouring conflicts, private military contractors) play in the CAR’s crisis?
  • Which armed groups remain active in the CAR, and how do their activities affect state control, civilians, and humanitarian access?
  • How has the presence of MINUSCA and the extension of its mandate by the Security Council (Resolution 2709) changed the dynamics on the ground?

 

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