Topic: 2025 – Authoritarianism and Democracy
Country: Philippines
Delegate Name: Hadley Abrutyn
The Philippines has endured a long and complex struggle between democracy and authoritarianism, shaped by centuries of colonial rule, decades of dictatorship, and cycles of democratic reform and regression. After the authoritarian rule of Ferdinand Marcos from 1965-1986, the country underwent a historic democratic transition through the People Power Revolution, reclaiming civil liberties and re-establishing democratic institutions. However, remnants of authoritarian governance have continued to influence the political landscape, creating an environment where reforms often advance only to be later weakened or reversed.
The Philippines has been classified as an electoral democracy, yet one with notable democratic backsliding. The Philippines faced international criticism for policies perceived as authoritarian, including widespread human rights violations tied to the War on Drugs, the persecution of political opponents, and the weakening of press freedom and the targeting of independent journalists.
To preserve and strengthen democracy in the Philippines, several reforms are essential. First, political dynasties, which dominate both national and local elections, must be addressed through long-delayed anti-dynasty legislation. Without reducing dynastic control, democratic competition cannot meaningfully improve. Second, the independence of the judiciary and the Commission on Elections must be protected from executive interference to ensure fair elections and uphold the rule of law. Third, protections for journalists, activists, and civil society organizations must be restored, including ending red-tagging practices and ensuring press freedom safeguards are enforced. Finally, comprehensive civic education is crucial to counter disinformation, prevent historical revisionism, and reinforce democratic values among citizens.
The Philippines seeks to move away from the recurring cycles of authoritarian influence that have weakened its democratic foundations. As new democracies around the world face stagnation, polarization, and rising support for autocratic leaders, the Philippines recognizes the urgent need to rebuild trust in democratic institutions, hold corrupt officials accountable, and ensure that government power is constrained by law. Only by strengthening these institutions can the Philippines prevent a return to more authoritarian governance and allow democracy to truly thrive. By strengthening democratic institutions, protecting civil liberties, and promoting greater political engagement, the Philippines can protect its democratic system from authoritarian erosion. In this regard, it is essential for the international community to support new and emerging democracies, ensuring that the hard-won gains of democratic transitions are not undone by authoritarian pressures.
