Topic: 2024-Spread of Animal Viruses
Country: United States of America
Delegate Name: Moon Fenchel
The United States’ experience addressing zoonotic diseases dates back many decades, with the earliest interventions targeting epidemic sensitive viruses like the 1918 influenza pandemic, which was believed to have avian origins. Over time, the US has developed advanced response mechanisms for infectious diseases which focus on early detection and fast containment. The United States notably led a quick response to the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak, an illness linked to Chinese animal markets. They successfully stopped its spread by initiating rapid public health warnings, international coordination, and advanced containment strategies. This situation demonstrated the US’ capacity to act decisively. Additionally, it underscores the importance of utilizing the organization in areas that lack resources to fight infectious diseases on their own.
Today, the US is making significant progress in controlling the spread of animal viruses through the “One Health” approach, which encompasses human, animal, and environmental strategies. In partnership with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH), the US funds disease surveillance programs to detect the spread of zoonotic diseases before they spread throughout populations. Programs like the Global Early Warning for Major Animal Diseases (GLEWS) and the International Health Regulations (IHR) provide countries with the resources to respond promptly to animal based disease threats. WHO’s training programs for health workers have helped countries increase their doctor/patient ratios and to develop animal disease tracking systems. Although financing remains a challenge for countries with limited resources, the US continues to allocate funding solutions to take proactive measures. For example, the US is trying to make animal vaccinations globally accessible.
Moving forward, the US’ role in managing the spread of animal viruses will likely center around developing cost effective strategies. These strategies include supporting disease prevention initiatives, improving farm practices, and strengthening international aid for disease prevention infrastructure. The US also aims to foster a worldwide culture of proactivity rather than reactive responses, especially given that animal viruses and climate change are directly correlated due to the sensitivity of the environments in which animals live. By advocating for strong policies and utilizing technology, the US can help minimize future outbreaks and support a sustainable balance between human and animal health.
