Conserving Wetlands

Topic: 2025-Conserving Wetlands
Country: Republic of Korea
Delegate Name: Amirah Medlen-Ellis

Wetlands are very crucial to helping the biodiversity of global ecosystems, but unfortunately as of lately they have been at risk of being lost. They are aquatic spaces that house many endangered species that are in need of that type of environment. hey provide many types of including but not limited to fish and plants. They play a vital role in storing carbon and climate control. They also help with keeping floods under control and filtering out bodies of water. As people build cities and roads, the wetlands decrease. They get drained or become polluted killing off the species that live in them. In Korea there is the Wetland Conservation Act. The protection of biodiversity is considered to be very important, so these wetlands are actively trying to be preserved. In one way Environmental Impact Assessments, otherwise known as EIAs, are required for major producers.he impacts of these projects are studied to make sure they do not cause negative impacts on the wetland. There is a National Wetland Center that is used to overlook the wetlands and manage them. The governement is making sure to spread awareness so peple will know how import they are and that they should participate in protecting them. Korea is active in the Ramsar Convention which allows for the wetlands to be considered Ramsey Sites and become protected. Korea proposes that every country should work to spread awareness of these wetlands and abou the loss of them. EIAs should be required everywhere to cut down on the negative effects on wetlands from major projects. As these wetlands are becoming more and more scarce other countries should take an approach like Korea and have a major focus on wetlands.

Topic: 2025-Conserving Wetlands
Country: Libya
Delegate Name: Ellora Natarajan

Wetlands are some of the world’s most diverse ecosystems, and account for the habitat and life of millions of species. According to the World Wildlife Fund, a wetland is, “a place in which the land is covered by water—salt, fresh, or somewhere in between—either seasonally or permanently. It functions as its own distinct ecosystem”. Libya is home to two large, prominent wetlands that preserve biodiversity in the country: Ain Elzarga and Ain Elshakika.
Ain Elzarga is a national park in Libya. It has at least one natural connection to the sea, and is wet all year round. Water levels and salinity levels increase during the summer. The wetland contains mudflats and salt marshes, and is surrounded by dunes and rocky hills. It is one of the most important wetlands in the area for migratory waterbirds. Due to hunting and gradual destruction of vegetation, the wetland is in danger.
Ain Elshakika thrives, as an important wetland for migratory and resident waterbirds. Another national park, this is a hypersaline coastal wetland with limestone rock formations and dunes and mudflats with shrubs. There are two connections to the sea, and at a high tide sea water reaches the wetland during the winter and raises the water level to about one metre. However, freshwater springs decrease the salinity. Similarly to Ain Elzarga, Ain Elshakika is an important wetland for migratory and resident waterbirds.
However, due to overconsumption, mismanagement, and negligence, the state of water has become a national crisis. Due to coastal cities’ discharge of wastewater directly into the sea, marine life has been gravely threatened, and the environment as a whole. As a part of efforts to conserve wetlands in Libya, there are calls for a project on the conservation and restoration of wetlands and freshwater ecosystems in Libya. Libya is also a part of the Ramsar Convention, an organisation that aims to protect and conserve wetlands internationally, further showing its commitment and dedication to the conservation of wetlands.
Sources:
“The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands” (https://www.ramsar.org/country-profile/libya)
“Terms of references : Call for consultancy to Develop concept note of a project on the conservation and restoration of wetlands and freshwater ecosystems in Libya” (https://www.wwf.tn/?51345/Terms-of-references—Call-for-consultancy-to-Develop-concept-note-of-a-project-on-the-conservation-and-restoration-of-wetlands-and-freshwater-ecosystems-in-Libya)
A Survey of Libya’s Environmental Challenges (https://mp.luiss.it/archives/a-survey-of-libyas-environmental-challenges/)

Topic: 2025-Conserving Wetlands
Country: Vietnam
Delegate Name: Abigail Strazisar

Conserving the Earth’s ecosystem is a crucial part of life and a necessary duty to countries around the world. With the rise in temperatures globally, the inevitable downfall of the Earth’s wetlands comes to a front. Wetlands, however, are an important ecosystem that houses an abundance of biodiverse flora and fauna, which contribute to society in a big way.

Wetlands are active, biodiverse ecosystems that can house millions of different species. They are defined as areas of soil that are covered by water. Because of this, wetlands can accommodate species that live in water and on land. Whether it be coastal or inland, these wetlands are a crucial part of society.

Vietnam has and will continue to stand with the IUCN to protect these wetlands. Their versatility and use within the economy, especially the fisheries and wildlife development, are a valuable asset not only to Vietnam’s economy but the trade aspects as well. Along with support from the IUCN, Vietnam is a part of the Ramsar conservatory, which works to protect wetlands and educate people about the importance of wetlands and how to help further protect them. Being a member since 1989, we are committed to conservation and being leaders in the fight to protect our wetlands. Vietnam has also recently created two new wetland protected areas (WPAs), which further protect the diverse organisms and land that provides for us.

The loss of wetlands within Vietnam would lead to economic downfall and overall disparity within the natural environment and biodiversity of the country. The importance that they hold is too great to lose, so with the assistance of multiple committees and volunteers, we continue to protect and nurture that land that has done the same for us.

Citations:

“World Wetlands Day: 5 Wetlands In Vietnam And Why They’re Important.” Vietcetera, 2 Feb. 2025, vietcetera.com/en/world-wetlands-day-5-wetlands-in-vietnam-and-why-theyre-important. Accessed 14 Feb. 2025.

“What Is a Wetland? | US EPA.” EPA: United States Environmental Protection Agency, 24 Apr. 2024, www.epa.gov/wetlands/what-wetland#:~:text=Wetlands%20are%20areas%20where%20water,including%20during%20the%20growing%20season. Accessed 14 Feb. 2025.

“ViệT Nam Promotes Conservation and Protection of Wetlands.” UNDP, 30 Nov. 2020, www.undp.org/vietnam/viet-nam-promotes-conservation-and-protection-wetlands. Accessed 14 Feb. 2025.

“Viet Nam | The Convention on Wetlands.” Ramsar, 11 Feb. 2018, www.ramsar.org/country-profile/viet-nam. Accessed 14 Feb. 2025.

Topic: 2025-Conserving Wetlands
Country: Brazil
Delegate Name: Wilden Olger

Committee: IUCN
Country: Brazil
Delegate: Wilden Olger
Topic A: Wetland Conservation

Wetland conservation is an extremely important issue for Brazil. After all, the Pantanal region, one of the largest wetlands in the world, is located near Brazil’s western border (Pantanal Conservation Area). Unfortunately, this region is also important for Brazil’s economy. Cattle ranching and tourism are important to Brazil and are in direct conflict with the conservation of the wetland. Expanding ranching areas and opening tourism can lead to problems with erosion, water quality, and the indigenous population (Brown). Brazil seeks to find a solution that can conserve the wetlands while continuing to allow for economic growth in the Pantanal Region.
The Pantanal Conservation Area was designated a UNESCO world heritage site in 1993, it is located in the Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso de Sul states of Brazil, and takes up about 1.3 percent of the Pantanal region.while the area covers a whopping 187,818 hectares, it’s still only 1.3 percent of the region, and it has been suggested that the area be increased to cover more of the region (Pantanal Conservation Area). However, Laws being put in place by the states the area is contained within seek to lessen restrictions for cattle ranching and tourism, allowing ranches to be expanded closer to rivers and providing access to tourists in areas that were previously closed off. The motivation for these laws is to increase the economic productivity of the region, which will help with Mato Grosso’s decline in socioeconomic status (Brown). Brazil believes that the best solution here will allow for economic growth while also protecting the Pantanal region. Brazil has introduced the concept of a sustainable ranch label, which offers economic benefits to ranches with environmental protection and fair employment conditions (Conserving the). Solutions similar to this will allow Brazil and other countries that need wetlands for other traditional and economic reasons to balance their own economy with the environmental importance that wetlands hold.

Works Cited
Brown, Sarah. “New Brazil bill puts cattle pasture over Pantanal wetland.” Mongabay, 9 August 2022, https://news.mongabay.com/2022/08/new-brazil-bill-puts-cattle-pasture-over-pantanal-wetland/.
“Conserving the World’s Largest Working Wetland | Smithsonian’s National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute.” National Zoo, https://nationalzoo.si.edu/conservation-ecology-center/conserving-worlds-largest-working-wetland. Accessed 14 February 2025.
“Pantanal Conservation Area.” UNESCO World Heritage Centre, https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/999/. Accessed 14 February 2025.

Topic: 2025-Conserving Wetlands
Country: Canada
Delegate Name: Keegan Troccko

Committee: IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature)
Topic: Conserving Wetlands
State: Canada
School: Grand Haven High School
Author: Keegan Troccko

In Canada, the concern with wetlands is that they’re becoming scarce yearly which is becoming a problem. In financial terms alone, Canada’s wetlands are valued in the billions of dollars. This includes the financial value of annual production directly related to wetlands, including both consumptive activities such as hunting, fishing and trapping, and non-consumptive activities such as tourism and recreation. So if the protection of the wetlands ended then it could cost Canada billions of dollars. The greatest single threat to wetlands historically has been drainage for agricultural purposes, accounting for 85% of total known conversions. Since the settlement era in each region of the nation, wetland use and conversion have contributed significantly to socio-economic development and to the ecological vitality of Canada.

In 1986 and early 1987 Environment Canada developed a national statement and fact sheet on wetland issues in Canada summarizing management problems and identifying the major obstacles to wetland conservation. In early 1987, the Federal Interdepartmental Committee on Land identified the need to develop a wetlands policy statement to supplement the “wise land use” provisions of the Federal Policy on Land Use. For over 10 years Canada has been a signatory nation to the Ramsar Convention, an international treaty focusing on the conservation of wetlands of international importance. A commitment to wetlands conservation and the need for wetland policy has not only been recognized at the international level by Canada but also nationally. In April 1990, the Federal Government and numerous non-government and industry groups (including Ducks Unlimited Canada, Wildlife Habitat Canada, and the National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy) co-hosted a national policy conference entitled the “Sustaining Wetlands Forum”.

Wetlands are critical to federal responsibilities for maintaining the quality of the environment, migratory bird populations, inland and ocean fisheries, and international or transboundary resources such as water and wildlife. The Federal Government is also responsible for managing the impacts of over 900 of its policies and programs in Canada. Many of these directly or indirectly affect wetlands. To protect the wetlands Canada is participating in environmental stewardship initiatives in your area, such as removing invasive species or participating in a wildlife count like the annual bird survey discovering locally protected wetlands with friends and family raising awareness about the role and importance of wetlands to help reverse their rapid loss supporting wetland-conservation initiatives by donating time or money to protecting wetlands.

Protecting wetlands is very important to Canada because if the wetlands keep getting destroyed then Canada will lose money and as well, Canada is the custodian of a major portion of the world’s wetland resource base. With more than 127 million hectares of wetlands, the country is estimated to incorporate up to one-quarter of the world’s wetland area. Despite the importance of wetlands to Canada’s ecological and economic health and vitality, the last two centuries have witnessed their continued loss and degradation. Since 1800, an estimated 20 million hectares – one-seventh of Canada’s total wetland base – have been drained or lost to other functions. Millions more hectares have been seriously degraded or are at imminent risk. The objective of the Federal Government with respect to wetland conservation is to: promote the conservation of Canada’s wetlands to sustain their ecological and socio-economic functions, now and in the future. We need to have a water recharge, providing natural purification and storage of freshwater for humans and wildlife to protect the wetlands that are left and that have not been destroyed.

Works Cited
“The Federal Policy on Wetland Conservation.” canada.ca, 25 09 2024, https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/wildlife-habitat/federal-policy-on-wetland-conservation.html. Accessed 13 2 2025.
“Protect our Wetlands – Protect Nature Challenge.” Canada.ca, 30 July 2021, https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/nature-legacy/activities/protect-wetlands.html. Accessed 13 February 2025.
“Wetlands.” Canada.ca, 7 June 2024, https://www.canada.ca/en/services/environment/our-environment/nature-based-climate-solutions/wetlands.html. Accessed 13 February 2025.
“Wetlands — Ducks Unlimited Canada.” Ducks Unlimited Canada, https://www.ducks.ca/our-work/wetlands/. Accessed 13 February 2025.

Topic: 2025-Conserving Wetlands
Country: Japan
Delegate Name: Molly Brunt

I. Background
Wetlands are among the most vital ecosystems on the planet, providing essential services such as water filtration, flood control, carbon sequestration, and habitat preservation for countless species. These ecosystems serve as breeding and feeding grounds for migratory birds, fish, and other wildlife while also playing a crucial role in maintaining freshwater supplies and mitigating the effects of climate change. Despite their immense ecological and economic value, wetlands have been disappearing at an alarming rate. Over the past century, nearly 35% of the world’s wetlands have been lost due to urban expansion, agriculture, pollution, and rising global temperatures. The rapid degradation of wetlands has led to biodiversity loss, increased vulnerability to natural disasters, and disruptions in local and global water cycles.
Recognizing the urgent need for wetland conservation, the international community has taken significant steps to address this issue. The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, adopted in 1971, established a global framework for the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands. Today, 171 countries have joined the convention, designating over 2,400 Ramsar sites as Wetlands of International Importance. The United Nations has also acknowledged the critical role of wetlands through various resolutions and initiatives. In 2021, the UN General Assembly declared February 2nd as World Wetlands Day to raise global awareness and encourage conservation efforts. Additionally, the UN Environment Assembly has adopted multiple resolutions emphasizing the need for nature-based solutions and sustainable wetland management. Efforts to protect wetlands are also reflected in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly in SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) and SDG 15 (Life on Land), which stress the importance of protecting and restoring these fragile ecosystems. However, despite these international efforts, wetlands continue to face severe threats, underscoring the need for stronger global cooperation and enforcement mechanisms.
II. Policy
Japan, as an island nation with diverse wetland ecosystems—including marshes, mangroves, peatlands, and tidal flats—has long recognized the ecological and cultural importance of these habitats. Wetlands play a crucial role in Japan’s biodiversity, supporting endemic species and serving as critical stopover sites for migratory birds along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. Japan became a Contracting Party to the Ramsar Convention in 1980 and has since designated over 50 Ramsar sites, covering a total of more than 150,000 hectares. In addition to international commitments, Japan has implemented strong domestic policies to protect its wetlands. The government has enacted laws such as the Natural Parks Act and the Wildlife Protection and Hunting Management Act, which provide legal frameworks for wetland conservation.
Japan has also actively participated in international and regional wetland conservation efforts. Through bilateral agreements with countries such as the United States, Australia, China, and Russia, Japan has committed to protecting migratory birds and their habitats. Additionally, Japan plays a key role in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway Partnership, an initiative focused on conserving migratory waterbirds and their wetland habitats. Given its longstanding commitment to environmental protection, Japan has consistently supported UN resolutions aimed at wetland conservation and has promoted initiatives that align wetland preservation with sustainable development and climate adaptation.
III. Proposal
Japan urges the United Nations to take a stronger, more coordinated approach to wetland conservation by enhancing international cooperation, integrating wetlands into global sustainability frameworks, and promoting public awareness and education. The UN should facilitate greater knowledge-sharing among member states by establishing collaborative research programs and capacity-building initiatives to assist countries in conserving and restoring wetlands, particularly those lacking the necessary resources. Japan also calls for the integration of wetland conservation into Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and climate change policies, recognizing that wetlands play a crucial role in carbon sequestration, disaster resilience, and water security. Strengthening legal frameworks and enforcement mechanisms for wetland protection is also essential, as unregulated development and pollution continue to threaten these critical ecosystems. Additionally, Japan supports the expansion of funding mechanisms under the UN to assist countries in wetland restoration projects and the development of sustainable land-use practices. Public engagement and education must also be prioritized, as local communities play a key role in conservation efforts. The UN should support global campaigns and educational programs to raise awareness of wetlands’ ecological significance and encourage citizen participation in monitoring and protection initiatives. By adopting these measures, the UN can foster a comprehensive and sustainable approach to wetland conservation, ensuring the long-term protection of these invaluable ecosystems. Japan remains committed to collaborating with the international community to safeguard wetlands for future generations.

Topic: 2025-Conserving Wetlands
Country: Jordan
Delegate Name: Antwone Humes

Antwone Humes
Jordan
IUNC
Wetland Conservation
Major wetlands around the world have suffered due to humanities shift into industrialized agriculture. Countries all around the world have been draining wetlands for years in order to create land to cultivate. The conversion of into cropland has not only removed the water, but stripped the land of its nutrients and biodiversity. Along with this, the introduction of buring fossil fuels has started us on a downward spiral that will lead to a warmer climate. This climate change, harmful farming practices, and pollution from the burning of fossil fuels will take this world to ruin. Lands will start to dessertificate rapidly leaving land uncultivatible and soon after uninhabitable.
There is a commonly used metric to determine when a country has fallen into water scarcity. When it is receiving more the 500 cubic meters of water per person per year then it is in the clear; however’ if at or below 500 it is not. Jordan is at 100 cubic meters of water per person, and has been below the mark for a long while. The wealthy and noble of this country take what little available water there is and hoard it amongst the upper class, leaving those beneathe to be starved of a basic life need. Ontop of this, Jordan is surrounded by war and crisis stricken nations. These countries often have people who flee and take refuge in Jordan. This spikes population growth and the amount of water needed to support an evergrowing population. Not only is acquiring water a challenge but transferring that water where it belongs is another.
The wetlands of Jordan play a vital role in keeping its water supply accessible. Places like the Azraq Oasis are quickly drying up along with many others in North-Western Jordan. Not only is the destruction of these wetlands leaving the country without necessary water but also the necessary carbon basins that wetlands are. With a growing reliance on fossil fuels, Jordan along with the world need to consider what losing such vast bodies of water that can hold so much carbon means. Global warming has already attributed to the lowering of watering levels all around the year, all while constantly pumping more carbon dioxide into the air.
In an effort to restore and conserve the wetlands around the world, Jordan needs to install a cap and trade system. This would allow laws to be placed on how much carbon emissions the country is allowed to produce. Along with Jordan becoming apart of this program, the global cap should be lowered. This will decrease the amount of carbon emissions overall. In Jordan specifically, we will work to look to other sources of water like the Jordan River. This will require negotiations with Israel, the nation who has maintained control of the body of water. If water can also be extracted from this body into irrigation system, then it would lessen the need to extract water from the many wetlands Jordan houses. To extract this water from the Jordan River we would need to advocate for more desalinization plants, these are places where overly salty water is stripped of its harsh salinanity.
As for the issue of the water we pull from the wetlands to clean and drink, Jordan needs to work on its infrastructure. By this it is meant that there are many issues with the pipes that run through the country. From the erosion of the pipes to their being simple breaks in the lines. There must also be an initiative to fix the crumbling infrastructure. Change must be made and that can only be made through environmental and political reform.

Garthwaite, Josie. “Jordan’s Worsening Water Crisis a Warning for the World.” Stanford Report, 9 Mar. 2021, news.stanford.edu/stories/2021/03/jordans-worsening-water-crisis-warning-world.
“Jordan Signs Agreement to Launch Major Plant for Water Desalination.” Anadolu Ajansı, www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/jordan-signs-agreement-to-launch-major-plant-for-water-desalination/3448293#:~:text=It%20involves%20a%20seawater%20intake,components%20to%20power%20the%20system. Accessed 14 Feb. 2025.
“Wetlands International.” IUCN, iucn.org/our-union/members/iucn-members/wetlands-international. Accessed 14 Feb. 2025.

Topic: 2025-Conserving Wetlands
Country: United States of America
Delegate Name: Ryan Wu

Committee: IUCN
School: Greenhills School

Wetlands are areas where soil is either highly saturated or covered by water, providing a critical environment to forty percent of the world’s species. On top of that, they sustain one billion people on our planet, making them essential for our global welfare. Despite this, wetlands are the most threatened ecosystem, due to various environmental interferences which have caused their degradation. Since 1970, thirty-five percent of wetlands have already been lost. The international community has taken multiple efforts to address this through several measures. The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, adopted in 1971, is a global treaty that “promotes the conservation and wise use of wetlands”. The treaty currently designates over 1,500 wetlands as protected areas. The Sustainable Development Goals created by the United Nations also include the need to preserve wetlands, particularly under Goals 14 and 15: Life Under Water and On Land.
The United States of America has taken action to prevent wetland degradation. American Policy rests on the goal of “No Net Loss of wetlands”. To achieve this, The U.S. passed the Clean Water Act in 1972, providing the framework for regulating pollution. Specifically, Section 404 mitigates the discharge of dredged and fill material into wetlands. The U.S. has also used voluntary incentive-based methods to protect wetlands. The USDA has Wetland Reserve Easements, which funds wetland restoration on private land. The “Swampbuster” act states that landowners who convert wetlands cannot be eligible for USDA benefits. The NOAA has also developed policies specific to protecting and enhancing coastal wetlands, such as Coastal Zone Management Act and the Coastal Barriers Resources Act. The U.S. also has taken part in international agreements, such as the The North American Wetlands Conservation Act, creating a partnership with Mexico and Canada to manage migratory birds, waterfowl, as well as other species and the wetlands they live in. Additionally, The U.S. is a member of the Ramsar Convention.
The United States of America proposes that a voluntary international cooperation group be made to help protect wetlands by providing funding, support, and assistance through contributions from a member nation. These resources would go to support wetland conservation projects in countries throughout the world. The U.S. would also like to note that direct funding to various efforts should still be seen as a viable option as well. The U.S. supports countries forming mutual, regional partnerships when needed due to shared ecological responsibilities. This would help combat wetland degradation and preserve the integrity of their ecosystems as well. These regional partnerships should also include scientific study and data sharing, to better learn about and analyze wetlands. The U.S. recommends that there should also be an incentive based approach carried out by countries individually to award local communities for helping conservation efforts. These incentives should be decided by partaking nations independently. Finally, the U.S. urges all nations to allow for flexibility in the implementation of wetland maintenance regulations. This means letting countries decide what their own course of action should be and to prioritize domestic control on maintaining wetlands. Overall, the United States of America is looking forward to working with fellow delegates to find a solution that will help prevent the further loss of wetlands.

Works Cited:
— United Nations. “World Wetlands Day | United Nations.” United Nations, www.un.org/en/observances/world-wetlands-day.
— “Wetlands Protection and Restoration | US EPA.” US EPA, 9 Dec. 2024, www.epa.gov/wetlands
— Home Page | the Convention on Wetlands, the Convention on Wetlands. www.ramsar.org.
— “Summary of the Clean Water Act | US EPA.” US EPA, 12 June 2024, www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-clean-water-act.
— “Clean Water Laws, Regulations, and Executive Orders Related to Section 404 | US EPA.” US EPA, 1 July 2024, www.epa.gov/cwa-404/clean-water-laws-regulations-and-executive-orders-related-section-404.
— “North American Wetlands Conservation Act | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.” FWS.gov, www.fws.gov/law/north-american-wetlands-conservation-act
— “How We Protect and Conserve Wetlands | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.” FWS.gov, www.fws.gov/library/collections/how-we-protect-and-conserve-wetlands.
— “How We Protect and Conserve Wetlands | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.” FWS.gov, www.fws.gov/library/collections/how-we-protect-and-conserve-wetlands.

Topic: 2025-Conserving Wetlands
Country: Germany
Delegate Name: Mira Jayaraman

Wetlands are essential ecosystems to the world that regulate water systems, prevent flooding, store carbon, and support biodiversity. Peatlands, wetlands that store carbon, contain twice as much carbon as the world’s forests while covering only 3% of Earth’s surface. According to the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, 35% of wetlands have been lost since 1970 due to human activity and climate change.
The IUCN, established in 1948 by UNESCO, works with more than 170 governments and organizations to promote conservation, collaborating on agreements such as the Ramsar Convention and CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) in 2023. However, despite various international efforts, wetland degradation is continuing, requiring stronger global action.
Germany is a very strong advocate for wetland conservation. As a signatory of the Ramsar Convention (1971), Germany integrates wetland protection into national policies such as the National Peatland Protection Strategy, which aims to restore 50,000 hectares of peatlands by 2030.
Germany also supports sustainable agriculture and pollution reduction through agendas like Agri-Environment Measures (voluntary programs that encourage farmers to improve the environment on their land). Globally, Germany contributes six billion euros to climate and biodiversity protection and funds initiatives such as the Global Environment Facility (a fund that provides grants to projects relating to sustainability and the environment).

Through Germany’s support of stronger wetland conservation, Germany calls for stronger international action, especially in three key areas. First, sustainable land management is essential to prevent degradation. Incentivizing farmers to adopt wetland-friendly practices, which aligns with Germany’s conservation-focused agricultural policies, will help protect and restore these ecosystems. Second, peatland restoration is a priority, and Germany calls for expanding initiatives to improve carbon sequestration and biodiversity. Finally, increased funding and technical support are crucial for effective conservation. Germany seeks to boost international investments, particularly in developing nations, through mechanisms like the Global Environment Facility.

Wetlands are some of the most significant ecosystems to the environment, and Germany urges ICUN members to adopt these strategies and policies that balance environmental protection with sustainable development.

BMEL (2022). “Agri-Environment Measures: Sustainable Agriculture and Conservation.”
BMUV (2021). “National Peatland Protection Strategy.”
GEF (2022). “Investing in Wetlands for Global Environmental Benefits.”
German Federal Government (2023). “Germany’s Climate and Biodiversity Funding Commitments.”
IUCN (2023). “The Role of IUCN in Global Wetland Conservation.”
IPBES (2019). “Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services.”
UNEP (2021). “Peatlands: The World’s Carbon Vaults.”

Topic: 2025-Conserving Wetlands
Country: Turkey
Delegate Name: Annabelle Peters

Committee: IUCN
Topic: Conserving Wetlands
Country: Türkiye
School: The Ellis School

The conservation of wetlands refers to the protection, restoration, and sustainable management of wetland ecosystems to maintain biodiversity and ecological balance. Wetlands are semi-aquatic environments, including marshes, swamps, bogs, and fens, where water saturation supports diverse plant and animal life. These ecosystems exist worldwide, from tropical mangroves to temperate freshwater marshes, and are essential for climate regulation, flood control, and water purification. Wetland conservation involves governments, NGOs, scientists, and local communities. Millions of people depend on wetlands for clean water, food, and livelihoods, particularly through fisheries and agriculture. Wetlands also act as natural flood buffers, absorbing excess water and reducing disaster risks. Additionally, they serve as carbon sinks, storing vast amounts of CO2 and mitigating climate change. However, wetlands face increasing threats from urbanization, pollution, and agricultural expansion. Since 1900, nearly 35% of the world’s wetlands have been lost, leading to habitat destruction, water scarcity, and biodiversity decline. Without conservation efforts, the degradation of wetlands will worsen climate impacts, reduce food security, and increase flooding. Protecting these ecosystems is crucial for environmental sustainability, economic stability, and public health.

Recognizing the global importance of wetlands, the international community had taken steps to address their conservation. The Ramsar Convention, established in 1971, is the most significant treaty dedicated to wetland protection. The convention provides a framework for international cooperation in the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands, with over 170 countries as signatories. Other key initiatives include the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 15, which emphasizes the protection and restoration of ecosystems including wetlands. UN officials have repeatedly highlighted the urgent need for wetland conservation. The Secretary-General of the Ramsar Convention once stated, “investing in wetlands is investing in human wellbeing.” The UN Environment Programme (UNEP) has also promoted wetland restoration projects, recognizing their role in mitigating climate change and preserving biodiversity. Several non-governmental organizations (NGOs) actively work on wetland conservation. Organizations such as Wetlands International, World Wildlife Fund (WWF), and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) collaborate with governments and local communities to implement sustainable wetland management strategies. These efforts include habitat restoration, policy, advocacy, and education campaigns to raise awareness about the importance of wetland ecosystems.

Türkiye is home to 135 diverse wetlands, including lakes, deltas, and coastal marshes. These ecosystems support rich biodiversity and provide essential services such as water filtration, flood control, and carbon sequestration. However, Türkiye’s wetlands face significant threats due to urbanization, industrial pollution, excessive water extraction, and agricultural expansion. Since 1923, over 1.3 million hectares of wetlands have been drained or irreversibly damaged, leading to the loss of critical habitats and ecological services. In response, Türkiye has implemented several conservation measures. The country became a party to the Ramsar Convention in 1994 and has designated 14 wetlands as Ramsar sites, granting them international protection. Additionally, Türkiye has established 66 Wetland Management Areas and developed national policies to regulate land use and prevent further degradation. However, challenges remain, particularly in enforcing regulations and balancing economic development with environmental conservation. Türkiye supports UN policies that integrate wetland conservation and sustainable development initiatives. The country advocates for increased financial and technical assistance for wetland restoration projects, particularly in regions where economic pressures threaten these ecosystems. Türkiye also emphasizes the need for stronger enforcement mechanisms to ensure that international agreements like the Ramsar Convention are effectively implemented at the national level.

To effectively address wetland degradation, Türkiye proposes several key initiatives at both the international and national levels. At the UN level, Türkiye calls for the creation of a Global Wetland Conservation Fund to provide financial support for wetland restoration and sustainable management projects. This fund assists developing countries in implementing conservation measures, investing in wastewater treatment facilities, and adopting sustainable agricultural practices that reduce pollution runoff into wetlands. Türkiye also urges the UN to strengthen international cooperation by facilitating knowledge-sharing between countries that have successfully implemented wetland conservation programs. Within Member States, Türkiye encourages the adoption of stricter national policies to regulate industrial and agricultural activities that negatively impact wetlands. Countries should implement stronger pollution controls, promote water-efficient irrigation methods, and enforce land-use regulations to prevent wetland encroachment. Additionally, Türkiye advocates for greater investment in wetland restoration projects, including reforestation of degraded wetland areas and the reintroduction of native plant species to strengthen ecosystems. These measures are essential for ensuring the long-term sustainability of wetlands while balancing economic and environmental needs. By enhancing international collaboration, enforcing conservation policies, and investing in wetland restoration, Türkiye remains committed to protecting its wetland ecosystems for future generations.

Topic: 2025-Conserving Wetlands
Country: Mongolia
Delegate Name: Bela Haight

Wetlands are a vital part of our ecosystem, and provide an infinite amount of economic and environmental benefits to our world’s inhabitants. Not only are wetlands a crucial site for endangered species, they have a value of 47 trillion dollars globally each year (Marine and Freshwater Research 2018), and act as a natural deterrent for floods. Over time, wetlands have been susceptible to pollution, water drainage, and endangered species, and have been the loss of wetlands has increased drastically. The loss of wetlands will endanger many species, cause damage due to droughts, and trigger erosion that will endanger animals as well as humans.

While wetlands used to cover 2% of Mongolia, they have been disappearing rapidly, which has taken a devastating hit to the environment. The loss of these wetlands has led to an increased number of droughts as well as forest fires in Mongolia along with many other parts of the world. The overgrazing and over-mining of these areas has led to the rapid decline of these all-important habitats.

In 2024, Wetlands International began the implementation of a five year plan to work towards the preservation of wetlands which is based on a plan created for Mongolia’s wetlands, and plans to restore close to 25,000 hectares of wetlands. In Mongolia, wetlands contribute to a large amount of emissions of greenhouse gases, and this project will work to combat the problems that come with the desecration of wetlands.

Mongolia suggests that a plan to protect and preserve wetlands is implemented, such as a limit on things that may lead to the decline of this habitat, such as pollutants, overgrazing, and other human activities. Together this group will work together to research more plans to help solve this threat to our society.

Topic: 2025-Conserving Wetlands
Country: People’s Republic of China
Delegate Name: Thi Bui

Wetlands, often termed “the kidneys of the Earth,” are vital for water purification, climate regulation, and biodiversity support. They act as natural filters, sequester carbon, and provide habitats for numerous species. Recognizing their importance, China has undertaken significant measures to protect and restore these ecosystems, aligning with international conservation efforts.
In 1992, China became a Contracting Party to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, demonstrating its dedication to the sustainable use of wetland resources. This aligns with the IUCn’s mission to unite diverse stakeholders to protect nature. This commitment was further solidified with the enactment of the Wetland Conservation Law on June 1, 2022, which provided a robust legal framework for wetland protection and management. The law emphasizes the prohibition of occupying nationally significant wetlands, except for essential national projects
China’s foreign policy agrees with many of the UN’s policies. Guided by the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, China emphasizes mutual respect and cooperation. In line with these principles, China supports international institutions and agreements that foster global environmental governance. The Global Development Initiative (GDI), proposed by China, promotes international collaboration in areas such as climate change mitigation, green development, and ecological conservation.
Through the GDI, China seeks to share its experiences and resources with other nations, particularly in the Global South, to collectively address environmental challenges.
Collaborating with China offers delegates opportunities to engage in joint wetland conservation projects, access technical expertise, and participate in capacity-building initiatives. China’s comprehensive legal and policy framework, combined with its commitment to international cooperation, positions it as a valuable partner in global wetland conservation efforts. By fostering alliances with China, delegates can contribute to achieving shared environmental objectives and promoting sustainable development worldwide. With IUCN’s support, China and the global community can enhance wetland conservation efforts, ensuring these critical ecosystems continue to provide essential environmental and economic benefits.”

Works Cited
“China Daily.” Englisg.gov.cn, The State Council of the People’s Republic of China, https://english.www.gov.cn/news/202502/14/content_WS67ae908cc6d0868f4e8ef9fb.html.
“China Daily.” China Daily Website – Connecting China Connecting the World, https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/. Accessed 14 February 2025.
McBride, James, et al. “Is ‘Made in China 2025’ a Threat to Global Trade?” Council on Foreign Relations, https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/made-china-2025-threat-global-trade?utm_source=chatgpt.com. Accessed 14 February 2025.
“Ramsar.” Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, Ramsar, 2018, https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5b256c78e17ba335ea89fe1f/t/5b9ffd2e0e2e7277f629eb8f/1537211739585/RAMSAR+GWO_ENGLISH_WEB.pdf#:~:text=Accuracy%20of%20global%20wetland%20area%20data%20i.

Topic: 2025-Conserving Wetlands
Country: Pakistan
Delegate Name: Michael Fuger

Wetlands are an important part of the world’s geography. Wetlands reduce the effects of flooding and provide drinking water to communities. They absorb far more carbon than forests, trap pollutants in plants, and house many different species of mammals, plants, fish, and birds. Since the 1700s, over 80% of the world’s wetlands have been destroyed, largely due to creation of farmland. The roots of wetland plants stabilize the soil against erosion.

Pakistan has about 780,000 hectares of wetlands, comprising about 10% of the country’s land area. Pakistan’s peatlands are being destroyed resulting in emissions of dangerous fumes causing disease. Wetlands are most common in the south of the country, with a few in the north and central regions. Drought, pollution, and agriculture are some of the major threats wetlands face in Pakistan. Pakistan signed the Ramsar Convention in 1976 and currently has 19 designated sites covering 1,343,807 hectares. The Government’s Recharge Pakistan initiative will restore wetlands and defend the country against more floods.

Pakistan believes that the committee should focus on 2 main aspects of wetlands conservation. Firstly, the ideas promoted in the Ramsar Convention such as international cooperation and wetlands education for the public should be promoted. Secondly, Pakistan supports reforestation and restoration of wetlands around rivers and coasts, especially near populated areas, to reduce risks of flooding or environmental destruction.

Topic: 2025-Conserving Wetlands
Country: Panama
Delegate Name: Sophia Plencner

Position Paper: Conserving Wetlands

Country: The Republic of Panama

Committee: International Union for Conservation of Nature

Topic: Conserving Wetlands

Introduction:

The conservation of wetlands is a very important and significant aspect of our country. As a nation committed to protecting our citizens and biodiversity, we have been tirelessly fighting the prevalence of declining wetlands and loss of habitats in our country. This position paper details Panama’s concerns, positions, and possible solutions to solve the famine epidemic in conflict zones.

Panama’s Perspective:

Panama understands the risk of a declining amount of wetlands and its effects. Decreasing wetlands is one of the leading underlying causes of loss of biodiversity and native species within our country and is a very pressing issue that must be handled. Panama is particularly concerned about the following issues:

Declining Wetlands/biodiversity: The increase of loss of habitat and wetlands in our country deepens the loss of native species within our borders, a topic we are very concerned about.
Declining native species populations: Declining populations of native species can lead to fights over what little supplies/food are available in specific areas, especially toward animals higher on the food chain.
Loss of food sources: The overall loss of food sources within our wetlands and country means that many species will be left hungry and without adequate nutrients. The remaining species may fight or cause disputes with other differing animals.

Panama’s Policy Positions:

Panama regards a multiparty republic with one legislative house to approach and tackle the effects of invasive species within our country. The Key policy positions include:
Reducing declining wetlands and habitats: Panama is dedicated to lowering the percentage of declining wetlands and habitats within the borders of our country, but also within bordering countries as well.
Strengthening the unity of citizens: Panama is determined to unify and bring together its citizens to grapple the challenges of declining wetlands and habitats in areas within our borders.
Bringing awareness: Panama is aware that bringing awareness to problems within our country is the first step to addressing situations and to overcome obstacles, including ones involving wetlands and habitats.
Lessening overall amount of loss of native species: Panama understands that lessening our areas of declining habitat and wetlands will ultimately reduce loss of native species in those regions, giving new opportunities for conservation and expanding areas for development.
Proposed Solutions:
To tackle the effects of loss of wetlands and habitats in areas within our country, Panama proposes the following solutions:
Donate: Donate to affected areas/communities to support vulnerable species and biodiversity to lessen their suffering.
Research: Research to find new ideas to improve and establish more effective practices involving wetlands and habitats.
Restore/conduct projects: Restoring old projects and conducting new ones with added research to help improve wetlands and habitats within our country.
Create more sustainable practices: Planting and finding more sustainable practices to affected areas to lessen the likelihood of loss of wetlands and habitats in the future, one’s that will last longer, and support more native species.
Conclusion:
Panama is committed to lessening the decline of wetlands and habitats in and out of our country. By working together and with other nations, we can not only address situations such as depleting habitats and loss of native species within our borders, but also help other countries to do so as well.

Topic: 2025-Conserving Wetlands
Country: Bangladesh
Delegate Name: Luke Zagorski

Bangladesh is a country covered in wetlands. Annual monsoons cause land in Bangladesh to flood and it creates millions of acres of wetland additional to the already existing wetlands. According to the official encyclopedia of Bangladesh wetlands in the country take up seven to eight million hectares of land area or almost 50% of Bangladesh’s total land area. These wetlands are important parts of Bangladesh’s ecosystem and a part of Bangladesh’s beautiful landscape. It is in the interest of Bangladesh, and in the interest of the general good of the world, to internationally protect Bangladesh’s wetlands and recognize them as important natural resources.
Protecting wetlands is incredibly important in protecting global biodiversity. Bangladesh’s official encylopedia says that over 5000 species of flowering plants, 1500 species of vertebrates, and 500 species of freshwater fish are unique to the wetlands of Bangladesh. The degradation of these wetlands have led to the extinction of many indigenous plant species, the loss of soil nutrients, and the loss of natural water reservoirs and all the benefits associated with that. If we as a council want to protect biodiversity we need to internationally recognize Bangladesh wetlands as important environmental resources.
According to an article in Mongabay several Bangladesh natural areas have been recognized as Ramsar sites and some action has already been taken to protect a few of these natural areas. What the delegation of Bangladesh would like to do is to internationally recognize more of Bangladesh’s wetlands, such as the Sundarbans, and also incite practical action from international and national organizations to actively protect these regions.

Sources:
https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/why-are-wetlands-important#:~:text=Wetlands%20provide%20habitat%20for%20thousands,products%2C%20recreation%2C%20and%20aesthetics.
https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Wetland
https://news.mongabay.com/2023/02/for-key-bangladesh-wetland-bid-for-ramsar-status-is-no-guarantee-of-protection/#:~:text=The%20Sundarbans%2C%20the%20world’s%20biggest,natural%20resources%2C%20and%20water%20pollution.

Topic: 2025-Conserving Wetlands
Country: Haiti
Delegate Name: Nathaniel Calabio

Committee: IUCN
Topic: Preserving Wetlands
Country: The Republic of Haiti
School: Forest Hills Central High School

The benefits wetlands bring to the ecosystem and the importance of the task of preserving them are undeniable. Unfortunately, many countries do not have sufficient resources or they lack the technologies to protect the environment while also providing for the economy (Grima and Singh 2020). Haiti is one of the multitudes of countries that heavily rely on agriculture for their GDP, which can do severe damage to wetlands (Cooper and Moore 2003). The International Union of Conservation of Nature (IUCN) should consider these complications when deciding on a resolution because the needs of lesser-developed countries carry just as much importance as those of more developed countries.

Wetlands provide fresh water and food and can help prevent natural disasters like floods. They are also disappearing at a rate 3 times that of forests (UNFCCC 2018). Wetlands comprise around 10% of Haiti’s land, and they play an important role in every environment they are a part of (Interactive Country Fiches). The Enriquillo wetlands in particular attract thousands of tourists for its biodiversity and abundance of American crocodiles (Schipper 2020).

Compared to other countries in the Caribbean, Haiti is successful in maintaining a lower ecological and material footprint. Unfortunately, Haiti does not fare as well as its neighbors when it comes to socioeconomic factors such as providing access to sanitation, electricity, and education (Grima and Singh 2020). By diverting more resources into improving the people’s socioeconomic status and catching up to its neighbors, Haiti risks damaging its capacity to preserve the environment, and by extension wetlands. The delegation of Haiti implores the IUCN to support countries in similar positions as Haiti.

Haiti is thoroughly reliant on agriculture and the ecosystem for its economy to prosper. The agricultural sector is 25% of Haiti’s GDP (IFC 2024). Overuse of farm products such as fertilizers or pesticides has been shown to damage local wetlands through water runoff. One of the ways to reduce the damages farms can potentially pose over wetland conservation efforts is by adopting approved practices created by experts. An example of one of these practices is using artificial wetlands as a buffer between farm runoff and natural wetlands (Cooper and Moore 2003). The committee should consider this information when deciding upon a resolution and the benefits of establishing a set of specific approved practices.

References:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339746258_The_self-insufficiency_of_the_Caribbean_Ecosystem_Services_Potential_Index_ESPI_as_a_measure_for_sustainability

https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/3938/Ch10%20(221-236).pdf

https://unfccc.int/news/wetlands-disappearing-three-times-faster-than-forests#:~:text=The%20world’s%20remaining%20wetlands%20are,deforestation%20and%20soil%20erosion%20upstream.

https://www.oneearth.org/ecoregions/enriquillo-wetlands/

https://www.ifc.org/en/stories/2024/haiti-private-sector-boosting-farmer-incomes#:~:text=Agriculture%20contributes%2025%20percent%20of%20Haiti’s%20GDP%20and%20employs%20half,is%20classified%20as%20food%20insecure.

https://dicf.unepgrid.ch/haiti/land#section-impacts

Topic: 2025-Conserving Wetlands
Country: Ukraine
Delegate Name: Gavin O’Meara

Committee: IUCN
Topic: Conserving Wetlands
Country: Ukraine
School: Forest Hills Central High School

Wetlands are areas around the globe with soil covered or saturated with water, and they are in grave danger. Wetlands have been disappearing around the globe because of the effects of global warming, resource depletion, and chemical runoff. The UN has passed the Ramsar resolution which allows countries to request Ramsar Advisory Missions (RAMs) among other protective measures to preserve wetlands (Ramsar 2018).
Ukraine has many wetlands across its vast landmass and has taken many protective measures to preserve these important and unique ecosystems. Ukraine is a proud signatory of the Ramsar Act and has 50 wetlands certified by Ramsar (UNCG 2024). Ukraine also monitors and comments on the Ecological Integrity Assessment (EIA) of its peatlands, and an EIA is a way of describing the current condition of different wetlands (NatureServe).
Ukraine would be amendable to upholding current wetland preservation legislation in the UN but advocates for an increase in the protection of wetlands. Ukraine uses RAMs often and relies on the aid of the UN to help preserve the ecological integrity of its wetlands. With Ukraine engaged in conflict with the Russian Federation, Ukraine is relying on the efforts of the UN for the preservation of its ecosystem. Without the continued support of the UN, Ukraine and many other countries would slowly lose the diversity provided by these vital wetlands, and the world would become overwhelmed with carbon emissions.
References
Ecological Integrity Assessment – Wetlands | NatureServe. (n.d.). Www.natureserve.org. https://www.natureserve.org/projects/ecological-integrity-assessment-wetlands
Ramsar. (2018). Homepage | Ramsar. Ramsar.org; Ramsar. https://www.ramsar.org/
Wetlands – Ukrainian Nature Conservation Group. (2024, March 6). Ukrainian Nature Conservation Group; UNCG. https://uncg.org.ua/en/wetlands/

Topic: 2025-Conserving Wetlands
Country: Bolivia
Delegate Name: Avery Phillips

Over half, 87% of the world’s wetlands has been lost in the past 300 years. Why must we concern ourselves with this fact? Do we even depend on them or are they swampy acres of land taking up space on which houses or factories or schools could be built? Wetlands store over 50 times more carbon than rain forests, they support cultivation of foods such as rice and fish that more than half the world depend on, they provide clean water, serve as a vital habitat for millions of animals, they can reduce costs for wastewater treatments by billions of dollars, protect our cities from storms and reduce flooding. With all this in mind and more, why wouldn’t we protect them? Bolivia has the world’s largest protected wetland, reaching more than 6.9 million hectares. In 1990 Bolivia agreed to the RAMSAR Convention and ratified it in 2002 leading to the protection of 8 other RAMSAR wetland sites. Bolivia is highly concerned and realizes the significance wetlands have in the conservation of our Earth, of our people, and our resources. That is why we must pay dire attention to the alarming rate at which our wetlands are being destroyed. All countries must unite under the RAMSAR convention, and join the Freshwater challenge to conserve our planet. Protection and restoration of wetlands needs to be amalgamated into national policies. A framework for these policies should be created in the IUCN, countries then must integrate them into government directive. A committee dedicated to restoring wetlands past just the Freshwater challenge should be created in the IUCN that aids countries in restoring their destroyed wetlands. The IUCN must also globally coordinate partnerships among countries, NGOs, and local communities that foster the sharing of knowledge, resources, and technology. Countries must be reminded of the fact that this is not a crisis concerning a single nation but every person on this planet. Countries must not stand individually in the fight to preserve our Earth but collaborate and work together. This issue surpasses the vendettas, issues, or beliefs of single countries and concerns every single person. The IUCN plays a critical role in leading global conservation and restoration efforts for these essential and ​irreplaceable ecosystems.

Topic: 2025-Conserving Wetlands
Country: South Africa
Delegate Name: Quynh Song

Committee: IUCN
Topic: Conserving Wetlands
Country Represented: South Africa
Delegate: Quynh Song
School: Greenhills School
Thousands of animal and plant species are threatened by the worldwide disappearance of wetlands. Around 25% of all wetland species are pressured to extinction. Not only are wetlands important stores of carbon, they are valuable for human health and livelihood due to the provision of food, water, and natural resources to communities globally. Wetlands have been severely degraded due to climate change and human activities like damming, pollution from agricultural runoff and industrial discharge, and land conversion of wetlands to infrastructure and urban development.
South Africa is working toward better conservation practices, and has made significant steps in combating these impacts through programs like Working for Wetlands. While there is no stand alone policy for wetland conservation, in 2002 Working for Wetlands was formed and has created over 23,000 jobs that employ people locally and has helped rehabilitate over 1,000 wetlands since. In 1975, South Africa joined the Ramsar conference that first started in 1971 and has subsequently reserved 31 Ramsar sites that protect national wetlands.
As we recently passed World Wetlands Day on February 2nd proclaimed by the United Nations Resolution of 2021, countries need to come together to oppose this destruction. In 2002, resolutions adopted for peatlands to enhance global awareness and action for wetland conservation were recognized in the United Nations Environment Assembly. South Africa is excited to work with many and has various proposals for resolutions on the topic of conserving wetlands, such as increased international funding, particularly through the Green Climate Fund to support developing countries in conservation and restoration projects. It encourages the committee to establish an international monitoring framework under UNEP to track wetland degradation and enforce these efforts. The IUCN should collaborate with governments to develop stricter conservation policies and facilitate international partnership through regional meetings. These regional workshops can be a place for nations to share their best practices and establish joint initiatives aimed to benefit ecosystems worldwide. Additionally, South Africa stresses the importance of local community involvement through education programs, sustainable agriculture policies, and possible financial incentives. The South African delegation believes that with these proposed resolutions, the IUCN can help restore wetlands and conserve those under threats internationally.

Works Cited: https://www.ramsar.org/sites/default/files/documents/library/4th_strategic_plan_2022_update_e.pdf
https://www.dffe.gov.za/wwd2025
https://www.ramsar.org/country-profile/south-africa
https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/drive-protect-worlds-wetlands-gains-momentum
https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/n21/238/18/pdf/n2123818.pdf
https://www.ramsar.org/sites/default/files/documents/library/xiv.16_national_strategies_e.pdf
https://www.ramsar.org/cop14-resolutions
https://www.iucn-uk-peatlandprogramme.org/projects/working-wetlands-south-africa?destination=/projects-map%3Fsearch%3Dsouth%2520africa

Topic: 2025-Conserving Wetlands
Country: Ghana
Delegate Name: Evan Gagliardo

Committee: International Union for Conservation of Nature
Topic: Preserving the Wetlands
Country: Ghana
School: Forest Hills Central

In recent years, the loss of our world’s wetlands has increased exponentially. Wetlands are defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as areas where water covers the soil, or is present either at or near the surface of the soil all year or for varying periods during the year, including during the growing season. 85 percent of wetlands in 1700 were lost by 2000 with many drained to make way for development, farming, or other “productive” uses. Disappearing three times faster than forests, their loss spells an existential threat for hundreds of thousands of animal and plant species alike. Wetlands are present on every continent and consist of ten percent of Ghana’s territory. According to the Yale School of Environment, “It covers over 5 million miles, with more than 1 billion people depending on them”. Wetlands provide habitat for thousands of species of aquatic and terrestrial plants and animals. Wetlands are valuable for flood protection, water quality improvement, shoreline erosion control, natural products, recreation, and aesthetics. Without wetlands, we risk losing our biodiversity, including plants that give the world oxygen. We also risk the loss of one of our major freshwater sources, leading to a decline in quality of life for millions. When wetlands are lost, society loses services such as clean water. In addition, we also risk the slowing of coastal erosion, protection against flooding, drought, and fire, and resilience to climate change, and sea level rise. All of these things, and more, affect both Ghana and countless other countries.
The UN has been working toward wetland restoration since 1971 when the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance(Ramsar Convention, 1971) came into force, wetlands have been internationally recognized as ecosystems of considerable importance, comparable to our forests, rangelands, and marine ecosystems. Key points about the UN’s wetland conservation efforts include the Ramsar Convention, which is the pillar for wetland conservation, and encourages countries to designate wetlands as protected Ramsar zones. World Wetlands Day, celebrated February 2nd day raises global awareness about the importance of wetlands and the need for their conservation. The UN Environment Programme (UNEP) also plays a key role in monitoring wetland health and supporting countries in their efforts to conserve wetlands. Recent initiatives include highlighting the importance of peatland conservation and promoting nature-based solutions to wetland restoration.
As previously mentioned, 10 percent of Ghana’s territory is made up of wetlandsGhana has been advocating for the protection and preservation of wetlands since 1971 when the country signed the Ramsar Convention, Ghana has also implemented the Ghana EnvironmentalFacility, which funded Coastal Wetlands Management Project from 1993 to 1999; carried out public education and awareness, and created programs to enlighten the general public on the values, benefits, and functions of wetlands and the need for their
conservation and sustainable use. Although Ghana has been implementing the policies, wetlands are still declining rapidly in the country. Ghana has lost about 30-40 percent of its natural wetland ecosystem since the 1970s, and the population is suffering, the loss of wetlands in Ghana significantly impacts people’s livelihoods by reducing access to vital food sources like fish, disrupting water regulation leading to increased flooding, limiting grazing areas for livestock, and diminishing the availability of natural resources like medicinal plants and building materials, which are often harvested from wetland ecosystems; essentially impacting the food security and economic stability of communities relying on these areas. This has the biggest impact on the many farmers in Ghana as agriculture is Ghana’s main source of revenue and there is an ongoing battle for space between the wetlands and the farming lands. The wetlands sustainability, especially in the cities in the Global South, is undermined by anthropogenic activities such as farming, sand, and salt harvesting, among others. The region’s rapid urbanization is expected to exacerbate the threats. Due to a recent study that indicated a negative statistical association between rapid urbanization and the availability of wetlands, the government has begun to implement strict buffer restrictions along these wetlands to mitigate human encroachment as well as intensify awareness campaigns to expose people to the values and benefits of this important ecosystem.
Ghana firmly believes that this is a global issue that affects countries all around the world, and recognizes climate change is actively making this problem harder to solve. Ghana wants to see global action taken, believing every country can benefit from it. Ghana believes that each country’s government should establish the legislative concept of giving priority to protection, focusing on restoration and sustainable utilization, and formulating a careful Wetland Legal System; Secondly, the government should formulate corresponding wetland conservation policy principles or plans and strengthen scientific and technological research to improve the level and quality of traditional wetland protection in Ghana and other countries around the world; Thirdly, strengthening the protection of wetland through the establishment of wetland nature reserves; Finally, formulating relevant laws to improve the level of local wetland protection, the government could truly protect the world’s wetland ecosystem. Ghana strongly urges the UNEP to work with them and others to implement a plan that provides the clear steps that need to be taken to solve the crisis and fund the steps needed, so every country—no matter their GDP— can work toward protecting their wetlands.

Topic: 2025-Conserving Wetlands
Country: Nigeria
Delegate Name: Kamryn Khan

Kamryn Khan
Nigeria
IUCN
Conservation of Wetlands
2/12/2025

Nigeria boasts some of the world’s most valuable wetlands, particularly the mangrove forests of the Niger Delta and the Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands. These ecosystems are vital for supporting biodiversity, regulating climate, and providing livelihoods for millions. However, they are under significant threat from human activities and environmental changes. As a member of the IUCN, Nigeria reaffirms its commitment to the sustainable management and conservation of its wetlands.

Wetlands are essential for ecological balance and economic stability. They play a crucial role in:
1. Biodiversity Support: Nigeria’s wetlands host a rich diversity of flora and fauna, including over 350 bird species in the Hadejia-Nguru Floodplain. They serve as critical breeding and feeding grounds for various wildlife.

2. Water Resource Management: Covering approximately 2.6% of Nigeria’s land area, wetlands are pivotal in sustaining surface and groundwater systems, particularly in supporting agriculture and local communities.

3. Climate Regulation: Wetlands act as carbon sinks, and their conservation is essential for mitigating climate change impacts.

Challenges Facing Wetlands

Despite their importance, Nigeria’s wetlands face numerous threats:
– Human Activities: Rapid urbanization, agricultural expansion, overgrazing, pollution from oil extraction, industrial activities, uncontrolled tilling, and land reclamation practices place immense pressure on these ecosystems.

– Natural Threats: Subsidence, saltwater intrusion, desertification, droughts, and coastal erosion further compromise the health of wetland areas.

Conservation Efforts and Initiatives

Nigeria recognizes the urgent need for enhanced conservation measures. Our commitment includes:

1. Strengthening Legislation: We aim to develop and enforce policies that protect wetland areas, ensuring that any development adheres to regulations that prioritize ecological preservation.

2. Promoting Sustainable Practices: In collaboration with local communities and stakeholders, we will advocate for sustainable agricultural practices that minimize environmental impacts and promote restoration efforts.

3. Engaging in Partnerships: Nigeria seeks to build partnerships with international organizations, including the IUCN, to facilitate knowledge exchange, resource mobilization, and the implementation of best practices in wetland conservation.

4. Raising Awareness: Educational campaigns targeting local communities and policymakers will be launched to underscore the significance of wetlands and the consequences of neglecting these vital ecosystems.

As a nation endowed with rich wetland resources, Nigeria is dedicated to its conservation and sustainable management. By adopting coherent strategies and collaborative initiatives that align with the goals of the IUCN, we will work towards safeguarding our wetlands for future generations. We invite the IUCN and member states to support us in these efforts to promote biodiversity, sustain livelihoods, and combat climate change.

We urge all stakeholders to prioritize the conservation of wetlands by investing in sustainable practices and supporting initiatives that safeguard these essential ecosystems. Together, we can ensure a resilient future for Nigeria’s wetlands, wetlands around the world, and the communities that depend on them.

Works Cited
https://tribuneonlineng.com/preserving-nigerias-wetlands-critical-step-towards-environmental-sustainability-biodiversity-conservation/#:~:text=These%20efforts%20include%20the%20establishment,Nigerian%20government%20and%20international%20partners.

https://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?1955/War-on-Nigerias-wetlands

https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=107151#:~:text=Niger%20Delta%20wetland%20ecosystem%20is,value%20for%20the%20local%20communities.

https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=d480f772394bee4f1d898c6e9dbca79309d05a4e

Topic: 2025-Conserving Wetlands
Country: Denmark
Delegate Name: Amari Carthron

Amari Carthron
Denmark
IUCN
Conserving Wetlands
Saginaw Arts and Sciences Academy

Wetlands are one type of many natural resources around the world. They are formally defined as areas of soil that are saturated with or covered by water. Wetlands are home to many different types of organisms including species of birds including ducks and geese, mammals such as otters and beavers, and different species of fish such as the flounder and the sea bass. Beyond providing food, breeding grounds, and shelter for these animals, wetlands also have many functional uses for humans. Wetlands are used for recreation, tourism, and commercial harvesting of fish. Wetlands also provide many different environmental benefits. They act as natural reservoirs that maintain water levels during dry seasons or contain extra water during times of excess snow melt or rainfall. They also negate the impact of flooding and other natural disasters. Peat heavy wetlands are also capable of nearly as much carbon sequestration as forests while taking up 10% of the space.
Despite their numerous benefits and versatility, wetlands are disappearing around the world due to abuse perpetrated by humans. Wetlands are frequently polluted by agricultural and industrial runoff. They are also frequently drained for resource extraction and agricultural purposes. The rising sea levels caused by climate change have also had a hand in the worldwide damage done to wetlands.
The country of Denmark has dealt with several of these issues and entered the Ramsar convention on wetlands in 1978. A green tripartite agreement has also been signed between the government, environmental and agricultural groups, and the industries responsible for much of the pollution. In the past few decades, Danish wetlands have been restored with moderate success. However, the biodiversity that was once present in natural wetlands has been lost during the restoration process. Wetlands that were restored had significantly lower species richness as compared to natural wetlands. Many restored wetlands are still too dry and have high nitrogen pollution in the soil.
While efforts to work toward biodiversity conservation have been made, they have reached a standstill due to a lack of clear and defined goals. In order to combat the continuing problem of wetland pollution, the Danish government has invested more heavily in their restoration. Different restoration strategies that have been proposed include the use of grazing animals to increase plant biodiversity and create more favorable conditions for different species, as well as monitoring the amount of discharge from surrounding fields that enters wetlands and decreasing it. An establishment of clear policies and restrictions that align with the goal of protecting wetlands must also be done through the tripartite agreement in order to prevent efforts from once again reaching a standstill.

Works Cited

“20 years on, biodiversity struggles to take root in restored wetlands across Denmark.” University of Copenhagen, 7 Feb. 2025, https://phys.org/news/2025-02-years-biodiversity-struggles-root-wetlands.html

“The Convention on Wetlands.” Rasmar, https://www.ramsar.org/country-profile/denmark

Topic: 2025-Conserving Wetlands
Country: Russian Federation
Delegate Name: Amelia Wigant

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is a major international organization focused on nature conservation and equitable natural resource use. Founded in 1948, the IUCN (m) is an organization, comprising governments, NGOs, scientists and specialists, that works together to address global environmental issues. As a member since 1991, Russia has worked with the IUCN to implement conservation goals.
Russia’s engagement with the IUCN has encompassed a range of dimensions, reflecting its commitment to biodiversity and sustainable development conservation. Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment of the Russian Federation, in charge of environmental policies and legislation, is the voice of Russia in the IUCN.
2017 IUCN praised the Russian Republic on the centenary of its ‘zapovedniks’ (strict areas of protection) and recognized the Russians’ commitment to setup and have functioned protected areas. IUCN President, Mr. Zhang Xinsheng, underscored Russian commitment to the conservation of very valuable biodiversity and that protected areas are one of the best bets for the planet’s future.
Russia’s interaction with the IUCN is shaped by a fascinating tension between geopolitical aspirations and global bioconservation missions. Although Russia has achievements in biodiversity conservation, its recent activities have shown a gap in the matching with international conservation criteria. Sustaining cooperation with the IUCN and other organizations from the international community is crucial for Russia to meet its environmental obligations and actively support the global conservation process.

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