Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Afghanistan
Delegate Name: Praneet Gundepudi
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

The terms nationalism and political extremism almost always have been met with negative connotations in the world, but in the large scope of the world, these two do not need to be seen as such horrendous concepts. Granted, there are many instances in which the most extreme versions of the two have led to negative consequences and tragedies, such as the racial prejudice against those considered outsiders in today’s first world countries such as the United States of America and Austria, the sense of overt subjugation within British citizens causing the so-called ‘Brexit’, and the most well-known example of them all, the extreme Italian and German nationalism that caused World War II, one of the greatest divisions of our world at one point in time. Such instances must be prevented at all costs, and Afghanistan fully supports that movement. Whether it be the fear of incoming immigrants due to a lack of understanding and mistaken prejudice, or the rising inequality due to lack of representation within an overhanging organization, or the bare belief of one’s nation’s superiority over another to the extent of attempting to wipe them out. However, the lack of pride in one’s nation also leads to its own issues such as divisions within individual countries leading to Civil Wars (the United States Civil War, the Russian Civil War, and Afghanistan’s own Soviet War) and oppression that forms due to colonial oppression and lack of nationalism in Asia. Nationalism and hyper-nationalism, and political pride and political extremism, are two sets of concepts that are far too often confused, and leads to nations not having citizen loyalty. Afghanistan fully supports nationalism and loyalty, and urges individual nations to take steps towards increasing the patriotism within their countries, but also warns them of the effects of hyper-nationalism and extremism, and endorses any effort the UN makes to increase global equality, and allow more participation and representation within individual countries.

Afghanistan has experienced the worst of both sides of the argument, however, most of the extremism we have experienced has been religious extremism in the forms of the Taliban and ISIS. Fortunately, as an increasingly progressive government, we have not had too much opposition to our political ideas in recent times. To avoid political extremism in Afghanistan, our major parties advocate secularism to appeal to a wider audience, and a majority of our politicians are independent, allowing for the public to choose the specific ideas they believe in and identify with, reducing the occurrences of political extremism. Afghanistan also has the ideal amount of nationalism, allowing for there to be sufficient pride and patriotism within our citizens, and more happiness and general honor for our country. However, the amount of nationalism does not exceed a proper amount, preventing the possibilities of hyper-nationalism leading to occurences of terrorism and global disruption. Afghanistan is also taking measures to prevent the religious extremism that is causing disturbance within the world, but especially within our own country. As part of the Quadrilateral Coordination Group, we are trying to find the most effective ways of ending the Taliban influence, and are working within the Organization of Islamic Cooperation to eliminate international terrorism. Paraphrasing Mahmoud Saikal, Afghanistan’s security forces are at the forefront of the international war on terrorism, and firmly believe that militancy and extremism will never serve the long-term interests of any country. We will continue our counter-terrorism and diplomatic efforts without restraint. And above all, strengthening border cooperation, inter-agency coordination, and most importantly, building confidence and trust among our neighbours, in particular with Pakistan, and other countries in the region are essential in defeating terrorism.

Afghanistan, despite supporting the proper amount nationalism, urges the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (SpecPol) of the United Nations (UN) to take steps that deals with the causes of this hyper-nationalism and political extremism. As most things are, nationalism is best only in moderation, and comprehensive steps need to be taken to deal with poverty, marginalization, and economic inequality that provide the enabling conditions for recruitment and promote education and critical thinking. Having experienced such disruption within our country, we do not wish any sort of this extremism to hit any other countries in the future, and support any attempts being taken to prevent it for our future generations. Afghanistan strongly condemns terrorism in all its forms and manifestations and remains firmly committed to continue the fight at the forefront of the global campaign against international terrorism. We must attack the causes of this rise in extremism, and the major cause is the lack of global equality and representation, and Afghanistan urges the UN to set a definite boundary between nationalism and political pride, and hyper-nationalism and political extremism. To attack these origins of extremism, we suggest that the UN establishes a fund that gets provided to the nations affected most by hyper-nationalism and political extremism, but also establishes an overhanging committee to oversee that the money provided to these countries get allocated properly for the right cause.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Australia
Delegate Name: Devin Smith
School: Grand Rapids City High School

Australia sees that rising nationalism and political extremism might threaten the health of countries and society as we know it. nationalism is the “patriotic feelings, principles, or efforts” towards one's country. Nationalism is an ideology and unlike most other “isms” it can be both good and bad, productive and destructive. As nationalism has been more and more relevant this year it has led to controversy over the past year. Australia does not see nationalism as something that should completely be gotten rid of but instead something that needs to be better regulated so it does not lead to as much harm and hatred. We believe that everyone is entitled to have their own political views but once their views start harming others then it is time to take action. Australia does allow about 200,000 immigrants into our country every year. So far polls have shown that immigrants are a low concern for people in Australia. In conclusion Australia does recognize rising nationalism as an issue that needs to be solved, but a complete blockage of nationalism would just cause more harm than good.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Bangladesh
Delegate Name: Jack Schafer
School: Williamston High School

Rising Nationalism is a great thing in fact Bangladesh has our own political party based off the Idea of Nationalism. Nationalism has been seen in many different ways through the years but Bangladesh has kept a strong grip on our views. Every nation deserves to have its own national beliefs because that is what gives that nation its ability to have support of the people. What is wrong with support from a nation's citizens? Nationalism is what keeps soldiers on the front lines dieing for their country and the people of it. Nationalism is also what keeps governments afloat if a country had a lack of nationalism the government would collapse due to the lack of support from its citizens. The Nation of Bangladesh sees nothing wrong with Nationalism. Bangladesh has seen many Nations and leaders being targeted for Nationalism the violence toward these Nationalists is indespicable, just because someone doesn't agree with these people they make rude comments or even try to make the out as terrorists. I hope that other delegates see that there is a major difference between Terrorism and Nationalism. Terrorism is the belief to instill fear into the victims as a means of mainly religion belief. Nationalism is one's devotion or patriotism for his or her country. Nationalism has done many great things for the world including building nations up like the USA from 13 small colonies. Bangladesh feels that there is nothing wrong with Nationalism and we want to end persecution of Nationalist peoples. We would support any resolution to increase nationalism around the globe. We will help create a resolution that uses the UN to find places where Nationalists are being targeted by others for their devotion to their country and take care of the situations promptly. I hope that we can work together and spread nationalistic beliefs around the world this weekend.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Belgium
Delegate Name: Elizabeth McGoron
School: Williamston High School

Nationalism, or pride in one’s own country, has become very common around the world with the rise of certain nationalism groups although nationalism may create temperature unity, it often does more harm than good. Nationalism is defined as an ideology based on the premise that an individual’s loyalty and devotion to a nation-state surpasses other individual or group. As mentioned previously, In the past 15-20 years, the world has seen a large number of nationalist and extremist movements come into existence. these groups are by no means a new problem. during the French revolution when violent tactics were used to overthrow the french monarchy. This was when some of the first nationalism groups were formed. Belgium continues to struggle with nationalism today as much as they have in their past history. the post-war expansion of social policy in Belgium and the meshing of social policy reform and nationalist mobilization in Flanders after 1980. This has led to nationalism groups all across Europe. Belgium proposes that the Special Political Committee makes an effort to control all nationalistic groups, especially violent groups hate groups, such as extreme left-wing or right-wing group and Radical Islamic Terrorists ect. We must instead of focusing on completely destroying these groups. But rather, prevent extremist groups from forming.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Bolivia

Bolivia has gone through many events that have sparked a rise in nationalism in the country. One event that caused the rise of nationalism is how Bolivia lost its access to the Pacific Ocean to Chile after the war of the Pacific in the late 1800’s. The Bolivian government and the citizens of Bolivia have long been fighting for their coastline back stating that “people can’t live without the sea.” and that “Being a landlocked nation is making our problems worse.” Another event that caused Bolivian Nationalism to rise is the Indigenous Nationalism movement which really ramped up with the election of president Evo Morales in December of 2005. Evo Morales is the first Indigenous president of Bolivia. He has made movements that favor the indigenous people of Bolivia. He has proposed a change in the calendar to follow the calendar from the Tiwanaku Civilization. In this calendar, there is 13 months and each month is 28 days. The calendar starts at the year 1492 and adds 5000 years to it. In Morales’s proposed calendar, the year would be 5526. Some experts say that Tiwanaku is used as a sort of symbolic seat of power in Bolivia and that “the visuals it creates are meant to tie social and political events there to a sense of ancient society.” Another way that this movement is causing a rise in nationalism is that the new constitution that was empowered in 2009 adopted the Wiphala. The wiphala is a multi colored flag representing the indigenous peoples of the Andes. Bolivia is the only country in the world that has two national flags that have equal status in the country. These events and the reasoning here obviously shows that Bolivia’s government doesn’t see the rise of nationalism as a huge concern.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Brazil
Delegate Name: Lochlyn Reed
School: Williamston High School

The Special Political Committee (SPECPOL) has overseen global political trends for the entirety of its existence. Nationalism, being one of those political trends, has been one of the most unifying forces in all of global politics. Nationalism has the ability to unite millions of people under a common set of ideas and goals, allowing a country to thrive on itself alone, effectively removing any sort of reliance on other entities. Nationalism transcends loyalty to one’s country, and because of this, it is the most sincere and dedicated form of patriotism. As the world market has shifted from self-reliance to a misconstrued globalism with the modernization of shipping and communications technology, many countries have mistakenly shifted away from general nationalistic tendencies by allowing other cultures, ideals, and goals to take residence in countries they did not belong. However, many countries, recently european, have attempted to reconcile the disparity between globalism and self-preservation, with movements gaining significant traction in nations such as the UK, Switzerland, France and Poland. Many are quick to scrutinize such behavior, referring to it as dangerous. Brazil has felt the effects of anti-nationalist criticism for a large duration of its recent history. Since 2003, the Workers’ party has been establishing trade bonds with other countries, and subsequently bringing in immigrants who have no experience with Brazil, no understanding of its intricacies, no maternal admiration of the country – as it is not the birthplace of said immigrant -, and therefore have place in the country whatsoever. Furthermore, due to the political corruption of the workers party, many Brazilians have gained an extreme distrust in their own government, effectively ridding the country of patriotism. While Brazil, under the newly elected president Bolsonaro, aims to isolate itself from other countries, Increase its own patriotism, and rid itself of government opposition, it also wishes to do so without the aid of the UN, as it is increasingly leftist and therefore an enemy to Brazilian patriotism, and other nationalistic countries alike. Therefore, Brazil wishes to not pass a resolution of any sort, especially one that undermines a countries patriotism.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Canada
Delegate Name: Natalie Robbins
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

Despite an increasingly globalized world, nationalist sentiments are on the rise. Country by country, they are manifested in different ways, yet they all share one common view: the goals and needs of individual countries outweigh those of the global community. In the West, it can be traced back to the escalating international migration of Middle Eastern and African refugees; white ethnic majorities feel as though their demographic dominance is being threatened, something upon which nationalist parties have capitalized. This contributed to the United States’ election of a president whose campaign fed off of xenophobia and nativism and the United Kingdom’s decision to withdraw from the European Union in order to, among other things, control immigration. However, not all of these parties have seen outright success in their respective countries–the Nation Front in France, the Freedom Party in Austria, and the Alternative for Germany all faced electoral defeat to their more liberal competition––but their popularity continues to grow. This nationalist trend extends beyond the Western world; in the Middle East, Iran and Saudi Arabia are locked in a proxy war over ideological dominance. In Asia, China’s ambitions for territorial expansion has set its neighbors on edge. At best, extreme nationalism makes international cooperation difficult. At worst, its effects can damage the global economy and even prompt international conflict.

As described by the prime minister, Justin Trudeau, “there is no core identity, no mainstream in Canada.” Over the past decade, we have accepted over 250,000 immigrants per year into our borders. Half of Toronto’s population is composed of immigrants, with similar proportions in other major cities like Vancouver, Calgary, Ottawa, and Montreal. Canada has seen nationalism in the past, most notably the Quebec separatism movement that began in the 1960s and culminated with an unsuccessful referendum for independence. However, even with the election of François Legault, leader of the Coalition Avenir Québec and a former advocator for Quebec sovereignty, separatism is a thing of the past. In his victory speech, he reported that “many Quebecers [have] put aside a debate that has divided us for 50 years” and expressed his belief that “it’s possible for opponents to work together.” While in some countries such as the United Kingdom or Spain, different cultural communities threaten to tear the nation apart, Canada’s diversity is what holds it together. We accommodate and promote differences instead of insisting hegemony. For instance, in Quebec, official bilingualism was instated to appease the francophone province. However, we do acknowledge that there are some warning signs of nationalism, especially in fringe communities. In response, the Canadian government recognizes “the need to quell the increasing public climate of hate and fear.” The hate crime rate in Canada has increased by 40% over the past decade. However, we have taken steps to combat this trend; for instance, M-103, a motion against Islamophobia, passed in 2017. Similar motions denouncing anti-Semitism and hatred against Yazidis and Coptic Christians have also been approved by the Parliament in the past. Canada believes that, in order to promote both domestic and foreign peace, cultural differences should be welcomed, not suppressed.

Canada first encourages all countries to be inclusive, cooperative members of the global community. We believe that, through diplomatic missions and humanitarian aid, international harmony can be improved. Organizations like the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, founded on the idea of shared human heritage, promote cooperation and respect for all cultures; it has Canada’s full support. We stress that extremism, especially of the violent variety, should be addressed at its root. Therefore, a neutral organization should be created in order to both detect early signs of radicalism. We also emphasize the importance of instilling other, less radical alternatives in society that can ward off extremist sentiments. We recognize that national identity is important to many countries, but we believe cooperation and preservation of diversity are not mutually exclusive; on the contrary, we believe both are vital to a healthy global community.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Chile
Delegate Name: Francis Allen
School: Roeper School

Fellow delegates, the Republic of Chile is honored to be here and hopes to work both respectfully and cooperatively with you all. Chile recognizes the concerns regarding the issue at hand of the present countries. Even though it is difficult to find a solution that will please all of the countries present, the Republic of Chile is still optimistic for change that will ensure a future with stable and non-violent nationalistic movements. Although nationalism can drive unification, it has the potential to cause violence and political disruption within a country. In the past decade, the increasing number of national movements is cause for concern as some movements have pushed the world toward political extremes. One such example is the rise of the Islamic State and its extreme nationalistic ideals. It is necessary that we ask ourselves what the leading causes of nationalist and populist movements are. Some are driven by trade, economic, immigration, and isolationist ideals. If we can make changes regarding these issues in other areas, the consequences of some movements would be indirectly solved. The Republic of Chile sees itself allying with any country that is willing to make change that promotes peaceful and stable nationalism in hopes to avoid extremism. In the past, the united nations has tried to prevent violent extremism. In 2016, the General Assembly adopted a resolution that "welcomes the initiative by the Secretary-General, and takes note of his Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism". The plan sites security based and preventive steps as potential solutions to extremism. Recently, Alya Ahmed Saif Al-Thani (Qatar), Vice-President of the General Assembly, declared: “A fragmented, go-alone-approach to peace and security is not sustainable.” Additionally, in a security council meeting earlier this month, many speakers noted that an increase in nationalism undermines progress in reducing poverty and promoting peace throughout the world. Chile echoes these sentiments that unilateralism counteracts many efforts to build a stronger global society. It is the position of Chile that this committee must address the issues of rising nationalism; Chile urges nations to do this by first raising awareness for the sources of nationalism. Nationalistic movements can be caused by foreign involvement, nativist sentiment, political unrest, economic dissatisfaction, among many other reasons; if we are able to address these issues then we will not only significantly decrease such movements but also key issues as stated above will be solved in the process.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: China

In order to understand China's sense of nationalism, it's important to have an overview of china's political structures. Nowadays two thousand delegates form part of the communist party CCS and with their strategies appeals and commitment, they leader all of the nationals aspects.

It's important to mention that China strongly believes in the “chinese dream” which means that only one man will leader and he will lead China to the glorious future, where problem such as poverty or corruption are totally abolish.The leader shall lead bring prosperity and development.

In the hall story of chinea there has only been one one lider that might cover part of the ideals of the “chinese dream”, this leader was named MAO Zedong. Mao is considered one of the most important dictators has ever had, because as a legacy MAO increased the sense of nationalism in China.

Nowadays the country is ruled by the actual president Xi Jinping, who is promoting an national anti-corruption campaign. China's government strongly believes that “any one who has has violated the party's discipline or the rule of law must be punished no mattering how high his political position is”

As a matter of fact the actual president Xi Jinping strongly believes that the rule of law shall govern above all.

China has always been a unify country which means that most of its populations beliefs on their own government and the rule of law. It's important to clarify that the sense of nationalism raised since the ancient china, with the idea of honor and respect.

All citizens strongly believes that a way in order to honor their country is having a truly and honor sense of nationalism.

As a possible resolution China would like to encourage all members of the present committee to take into consideration the importance of a reinforcement in their own rule of law as well as in their national politics.

Sources of information

DW Documentary. (13 february 2016). China – world power again. monday 17/09/ 2018, de Youtube Sitio web: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=67yre0HYWcQ

New China TV. (23 august 2018). China's zero tolerance to corruption. monday 17/09/ 2018, de Youtube Sitio web: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mw5aa0YXFKQ

Yongnian Zheng. (2018). Discovering Chinese nationalism in China: Modernization, identity, and international relations. monday 17/09/ 2018, de Books.google Sitio web: https://books.google.com.mx/books?hl=es&lr=&id=h0i1UwSWDGwC&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=china+nationalism&ots=-DEUYTdFnU&sig=EnD7QabCypZHdQrpbKrjhonZefM#v=onepage&q=china%20nationalism&f=false

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Colombia

Nationalism: “a feeling of superiority over other countries”, Political Extremism: “Taking a political idea to its limits,intolerance towards all views other than one’s own”. These are two struggles countries of the world deal with. Today we live in a world of Nationalism and Political extremism with elections, trade, war. Is this something we want our future generations to be in? A world of bullying countries and extremist who only care for their views? Most of us would answer no, and to stop this we the UN need to put of heads together and stop these situations and the devastating outcomes they bring upon us. Colombia has to put up with these situations every day being in Latin America. We are upon the smallest and poorest countries of the world. We are lucky in Colombia to have a low intensity of nationalism, but we do see other countries especially larger countries like the US and China who sport a high nationalist rating. The Country of Colombia is a friendly country, we have few enemies, though we would like to help counties facing nationalism. Colombia also has strong anti-extremism laws to help put a end to political extremism in our country. As the delegate of Colombia I was strive to seek change for the situations of rising nationalism and political extremism. We want to help our neighboring countries in these situations. Ground rules need to be put into play to make smaller country have a bigger voice. I look forward to discussing this topic with other delegates to try to bring peace to these situations.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Croatia
Delegate Name: Sara Mehari
School: Forest Hills Northern High School

In all nations, there is a force of nationalism that brings the denizens of that nation to feel a sense of pride and loyalty. That sense of loyalty has led to countless changes in the world around us, from the Patriots declaring the new United States of America to the independence of Lithuania from the Soviet Union, and have brought unity within the respective nations.

Nationalism resulted in the creation of Croatia from Yugoslavia as the Croat people called for independence. Croatians banded together to escape the tyrannical communist rule of the Yugoslavian Serbs and created a new nation of Croats. Our nation was built on nationalism and has helped the government and the people hold loyalty and understanding. Since 2015, Croatia has experienced a steady rise in nationalism. Our nation was built on nationalism and has helped the government and the people hold loyalty and understanding.

Nationalism is not the issue. The issue is in using that nationalism, that sense of unity, to rally people into concerning actions, such as terrorism. Nationalism should be fostered in every country. Croatia sees nationalism as a means to unite the people and as an understanding by the people of the pride and distinction of the nation.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Cuba
Delegate Name: Ben Sorota
School: East Grand Rapids High School

Nationalism is the the pride of an individual’s country, and the belief that they are the best. Although nationalism can bind together a nation, it frequently ruins strategic connections between countries. Nationalist developments go back to the American Revolution during the 1770s and the French Revolution 10 years later. Political radical issues emerge when individuals start to misrepresent the esteem and significance of their own nation, trusting that it's convictions, ethics and interests are better than different nations. For instance, nationalism was also in part responsible for the First and Second World War. As these undeniably noticeable nationalist developments keep on happening today, it is the obligation of the Special Political committee to address this topic.

In February 1960, Fidel Castro announced that foreign investment in Cuba would be accepted only if delivered to the government to be used as it saw fit. The enterprises in which this capital would be invested were to be national enterprises, so that Cuba would not be dependent on foreigners. Any new foreign investments were to be controlled by the Central Planning Board. Beginning in the mid-1960s, US holdings in Cuba were systematically seized, partly for political reasons and partly because US corporations refused to accept Cuba's terms of nationalism. Some of the investments of other foreign nationals were left operating under stringent governmental regulation (Hill).

Rising nationalism and the increase of political extremism have created long lasting effects on Cuba. While Cuba’s original perspective on nationalism seemed better to all the cultural groups of Cuba compared to the idea of nationalism in the United States. In the United States the nationalistic idea of self pride, created the belief that all cultures and beliefs should be tossed aside and everyone should be an American. However in Cuba, the nationalistic ideas revolved more around an indigiensitic idea. Cuba believed that all the cultures shouldn’t be tossed away but combined into an overall culture that encompasses all Cuban beliefs. While this originally seemed like a good idea it had many negative outcomes and further fed the political extremism in Cuba.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Democratic Republic of the Congo
Delegate Name: Joey Bennett
School: Williamston High School

The ideals of nationalism and political extremism play hand in hand in each other, You can have one without the other. It is our job as SpecPol to monitor and address these issues if the need arises. The premise of nationalism is to put the cause before oneself. Some of these movements have brought together nations such as France and Germany, but have torn nations apart during World War One and World War Two. We can also see this in the Trump pro-America agenda and the Brexit movement. The Democratic Republic of the Congo had its own nationalist movement in the late 1950s and early 60s; Congo was trying to gain independence from Belgium. This movement was headed by a political party known as the Mouvement National Congolais. This party, more commonly known as the MNC was a pro-independence party. Another country that experienced a nationalist movement was South Africa, The African Nationalism attempted to transform the identity of Africans. Rather than seeing themselves as Zulu, Xhoasa, Sotho, etcetera, nationalist leaders wanted Africans to view themselves as South Africans. These were positive nationalistic ideas, though they were quite violent. Some examples of negative ideas would be the ISIS organization or the AFL in Congo. These ideas are harming the people of these countries and their economies. The idea of nationalism played a huge part in the DRC’s creation. The DRC believes that the nationalism in some countries is destroying their economies. The Democratic Republic of Congo has a solution for this committee; we would like to propose a coalition to eliminate these negative regimes and their leadership, DRC is not asking for extreme military action, rather military intervention when needed. This will eliminate the negative militant groups plaguing our societies.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Egypt
Delegate Name: Henry VanderZyden
School: East Grand Rapids High School

The country of Egypt very well may experience the rise of nationalism and the political extremism the most out of all the countries in the world. In a country overpowered by terrorist and extremist groups, such as ISIS, Egypt encounters the repercussions of extremism. Egyptians have had to struggle with extremism for far longer than ost believe. It all started with the war in 1967, in which Israel defeated an army of Syria,Jordan, and EGypt combined. Before the war, Egypt and most other Arab countries for that matter, were very together and enjoyed nationalism. But after the gut wrenching defeat, Arabs began looking for alternative political views. This is what marked the very start of Egypt’s fall into extremism. This is when our country began to become the culture everyone sees through the public eye. Full of bombs, terrorists, and extremists. Beginning with the group called Al- Qaeda, more and more EGyptians and middle eastern countries, became questioning of the military. Many believe that the creation of Al-Qaeda as well, is a direct correlation to the defeat in the war of 1967. As most of you know, then comes along ISIS. In a time and place in which our world as a whole has become so polarized and separated, ISIS represents the potential outcome if we keep this up. Driving around in pickup trucks, murdering thousands, just to gain more and more control. This is why the country of Egypt believes that countries need to work on national relations and need to have a greater focus on the continuous rise in extremism. It is very dangerous and potentially detrimental to an entire country, just ask us.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: El Salvador
Delegate Name: Abigail Morrow
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

All people are tribal in nature: they have loyalty to their country, religion and families. Currently, in Iraq, the majority of people are loyal to one of two Muslim tribes: Sunni or Shia. The problem is that both of these tribes are not willing to assimilate to one another, causing an uproar in the Middle East and is similar to how the world could become if countries, especially the United States and European countries, are not willing to work together. This is the cause of rising nationalism. The nationalism occuring in Europe and the United States arises in part from outside threats. One recent example would be refugees from the Middle East seeking asylum in European countries. More importantly to El Salvador, the caravans from Latin America have caused chaos in the United States and their president, Donald Trump, has now threatened to cut off all aid to Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador. The western world is experiencing a long period of strong nationalism because they are resisting refugees. For El Salvador, the topic of rising nationalism and political extremism is important to address because underdeveloped countries such as El Salvador depend on developed countries such as the United States and as the U.S. begins to take a nationalist turn, we fear that our country may suffer financially.

El Salvador experienced an extremist population when Archbishop Oscar Romero was preaching outside a Cathedral in March 1980. He was assassinated by extremists and this sparked a 12-year civil war, costing 75,000 lives and displacing 1.5-million others. El Salvador is firmly against extremist movements of any kind because we know the consequences that they can bring upon a nation. In October 2018, Donald Trump proudly asserted that he is a nationalist. Trump’s remarks followed a rebuke of “globalists” whom he accused of putting other nations’ interests ahead of those of the United States. Following these statements, President Trump expressed concern due to the thousands of people trying to migrate to the United States, “Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador were not able to do the job of stopping people from leaving their country and coming illegally to the U.S. We will now begin cutting off, or substantially reducing, the massive foreign aid routinely given to them.” El Salvador would also like to express deep concern about recently adopted migration policies by the United States in which children are forcibly separated from parents who cross into the U.S. illegally. We believe these policies punish children for their parents' actions. The United States’ aid to the three countries is due to drop by nearly 40% between 2017 and next year, from a total of approximately $297 million to $181 million. Poverty is very prevalent in El Salvador; 31% of our population is below the poverty line. Without support through financial funds our country will not be able to continue to develop, and our economy may fully rely on the drug business. This will cause more crime and corruption. If President Trump’s rising nationalist ideals continue to grow, our country will fall economically and politically.

El Salvador recommends that the Special Political and Decolonization Committee consider the need for international globalization. Nationalism, like any extreme ideology, needs to be addressed primarily through education. This would include creating educational systems that promote the importance of differentiation, of acceptance and the idea of internationalism. Furthermore, raising awareness for its implications and effects is extremely important, especially when referring to uneducated, or poorly educated societies, like those of many countries globally. El Salvador also urges developed nationalist countries to consider forming international trade agreements in order to increase globalization. If nationalist states arise, global peace will not be attainable.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Ethiopia
Delegate Name: Connor Brezenski
School: Royal Oak High School

The rise of nationalism seems to only paint a picture that it’s country versus the entire world. That if a countries needs aren’t satisfied, they must pave the path to their satisfaction, regardless of how their actions might affect other countries. Nationalism and extremism are both intertwined and only seek to destroy unity and harmony of those around us. They breed in between the lines of differences, inequalities and use this gap to advance their views whether good or bad. Ethiopia has seen this play in the diverse ethnic culture that makes up its state and as such, sees that some action must be taken to stop unhealthy forms of nationalism and extremism. Since the implementation of its democratic government in 1994, Ethiopia has strived for a balance between unity and identity that promotes inclusion for all but allows differences to take place in a relatively healthy environment. But the problem of nationalism still exists today in the country with the ethnic regions continuing to generate conflict with one another. Ethiopia looks forward to cooperating with fellow delegates of countries in SPECPOL to find a comprehensive solution that finally tackles nationalism and extremism head on. The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia stands by the fact there has been an increase in nationalism and extremism growing and that we must emphasize the negative impacts it can bring to not just individual nations but on the global scale. There are no losers in the international cooperation game. More than ever is the United Nations needed to unify this world on many issues and produce harmony and peace. Ethiopia believes that there are crucial questions that need to be answered in committee to put our actions on track. What specific aspects of a country could we analyze that would be effective in countering nationalist movements? How can we increase the effectiveness of the UN in divisive topics that promote nationalist views? What mistakes have been made in the past of the UN that we can learn from and incorporate into future resolutions? We believe that the first step in creating a resolution that will induce action is addressing the ever increasing influence youth have on political structures whether it be through employment or education. Ethiopia has ratified a program that was created by the African Union called the Youth Charter which creates guidelines for member states that develop and empower youth. This allows youth to express political thoughts in society along with fostering respect for others of different ethnicities, political, religious views and so on. Marginalization of specific groups also needs to be addressed and work towards inclusion of all social-ethnic-political groups to limit the cracks where nationalism is fostered. We also need to address how to deal with intact democracies that promote nationalist views. Ethiopia would also like to say that in order for this committee to be effective, we should look into creating two different cooperative resolutions.This is because political extremism and nationalism are quite different in terms of the specific mechanics used to deal with them. We highly encourage one resolution with the mechanisms for dealing with political extremism and the other one dealing with nationalism. These should be connected and not mutually exclusive. Ethiopia looks forward to discussion on this topic, in hopes of creating a positive solution that will change the course of future generations. One that will create peace and respect for others. Thank you.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: France
Delegate Name: Mitchell Kovacic
School: Mattawan High School

For years now we have seen a rise in nationalism, while it may have not been as popular back in the 18th century it was still a relevant political stance that some people practiced. Nationalism, like all political stances, has those that oppose it and those that embrace it. Today we can see a rise in nationalism like never before. Nationalism is the strong belief in one’s country, Nationalism has taken a rise, especially with the rise of national issues such as immigration. We can see members of certain countries showing nationalism to their nation. Nationalism is a very broad belief, some are extremely radical while others are just showing patriotism. Napoleon Bonaparte, a well known French military leader, was a huge supporter of nationalism. Napoleon used the excuse of the French Revolution to bring his country together as one and to fight alongside him. Nationalism was used by Napoleon to get his country to spread the idea of French Revolution across Europe. We see nationalism happening not only hundreds of years ago, but also today. After the September 11th Islamic Terrorist attack against the United States many american's showed nationalism toward their country. Ready to fire back against those extremist the very next day. Even the Islamic Terrorist are nationalist. They show large amounts of support for their belief in their religion. While Islam may have been against al-Qaeda, the Islamic Terrorist group still showed much nationalism toward their own group, to the point where they would even kill themselves to make a point/statement. Nationalism is not something you can eradicate, nationalism is a feeling of pride one feels toward their nation. And trust me, you nip any nation in the butt they will bite right back. Nationalism can be blamed on national leaders of the present or of the past. Nationalism can also be blamed on events in the present or past. But the truth is that it’s not the leaders nor the events faults, those events just give a nation's followers the little push they need to show their patriotism. Political extremism however is a different subject. While political extremism can be branched off of nationalism, it is not directly related. One can be politically extreme yet still show hatred toward their nation. For example, al-Qaeda (An Islamic Terrorist group) is not exactly on great terms with their nation, yet they are extreme when it comes to their political/religious stance. We can see many examples of those that are politically extreme, yet show no patriotism towards their nation whatsoever. Democratic Liberals in the United States have been known to constantly whine about their country they live in, even threatening to leave. But they still will say they are a democratic liberal because they are proud of their political stance. Both nationalism and political extremism can be very dangerous. But just like a gun, it is only dangerous if the person practicing these values are dumb and is willing to do something drastic. If it’s someone from al-Qaeda it will end drastically, but if it’s just an average citizen of a nation showing patriotism and where they stand politically then it’s harmless.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Germany
Delegate Name: Liam Gakodi
School: Kalamazoo Central High School

Nationalism is a big part of many citizens view of their own country. Some countries have their own holiday that celebrates Patriotism and Nationalism, like the Fourth of July in America. Furthermore, it was the driving force for many countries, including Germany, in crucial wars like World war one and World war two. Throughout Germany’s history, we have been a very proud nationalist country which has lasted until today. However, the cons of being excessively nationalistic have been apparent to us since the downfall of the German Empire at the end of World war two.

In Germany’s history, we had the very Nationalistic, Adolf Hitler who tried to take back once German lands. His Nazi party greatly influenced the country into becoming more nationalistic country than most in Europe rivaling many other countries during this time. Currently, Germans still retain its nationalistic mindset without the authoritarian government backing it up. This proves how countries can still be very nationalistic while still being democratic.

Moreover, a country can still have its people and leaders value nationalism without the spark of violence and instability that oozed from the French Revolution. The delegation does not believe that violence and instability are the cases for every nationalist country. Since the World wars, Germany has reformed itself into a better nation with nationalism and sees no reason to damper it. Political extremist should be dealt with accordingly, however, it should be a separate matter to the identity and nationalism Germany values.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Greece
Delegate Name: Katie McCarthy
School: Saginaw Arts and Sciences Academy

Although nationalism can unite a country and different states, movements of political extremists such as neo-Nazis have led to horrific tragedies like terrorist attacks. This is no new occurrence but recently these groups have started to affect the European Union and the industries within these countries. For a simple example, the film industry in Germany is being challenged due to the liberal democracy. In some countries, the percentage of voters supporting extremist parties is above a quarter of the citizens. Additionally, every single one of these factions is causing violence and uproar among the government and the people. Outside factors, being economical and social, seem to be a large issue prompting such behavior and must be investigated. The severity of different nationalist and extremist groups across the European Union has reached an all-time high and is a primary concern and threat to the delegation of Greece. Political attacks and targeting of citizens will not be tolerated and must be addressed. For example, within our country, the Golden Dawn, a far-right neo-Nazi political party, is partly to blame for the fluctuating economy. We believe that this national/extremist group is being sustained and motivated by the cross-border travel and recent influx of refugees seeing as they [the party] have violently attacked immigrants. Another focus for the delegation of Greece is the extremist Conspiracy of Fire Nuclei. This terrorist group is based in the country and is to blame for many attacks to other EU members including Germany. CFN has also attacked the International Monetary Fund which later led to multiple bomb attacks of important personal. In order to combat these complicated issues, we as a committee must consider each country’s specific necessities. We can not encourage any solution that would further the fuel of these groups. The Hellenic Republic of Greece believes that violence towards these extremist rallies and attacks would make the situation worse. If the local and national government were to act in this way, the problem would not become solved. Rather, the country’s head of state should be encouraged to review each circumstance and act accordingly. For instance, studies have shown that when an economy remains unacceptable for a long period of time, the citizens become more radical in their behavior. The delegation of Greece believes that the economic crisis is a major topic for us as a committee to discuss and remedy. Despite this large influential factor, others must be examined as well. This shall include the social aspect of the situation. Young people are enticed by the sense of belonging. These extremist and nationalist groups provide this feeling, prolonging the life of these parties. We need to acknowledge these components because they are the prime reasons that such organizations arise and thrive in the first place. The overall goal of Special Political should be to combat this crisis in a cohesive and orderly manner. The recent outbursts of extremist attacks and nationalist rallies are detrimental to the European Union and over time will result in tragedy. The delegation of Greece hopes to examine the many factors leading our citizens to engage in these radical groups and is hopeful that together as a committee, we can come to reasonable explanations and ways to relieve the situation without provoking more violence and attacks.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Guatemala

Nationalism, to an extent, is, and has always been, prevalent in all society. The obligations of a denizen to one’s nation create the basis of society. When this is extremified, nationalism as we know it now becomes an issue. Political extremism and nationalism may sometimes create unity in a nation, but it also typically leads to conflict with other nations or people groups within one’s own nation. Oftentimes this is played off as patriotism, stating that they are doing the best for their nation. Sometimes this is true, but oftentimes the extremism exemplified in nationalism only harms the nation.

Guatemala is still attempting to recover from a lengthy civil war, and thus is victim to a side-effect often displayed by nations coming out of a civil war: massive patriotism and arrogant pride. There is severe prejudice in the nation towards some of its own people groups due to the nationalist pride of the group in power, believing that the other group is harmful for the nation, which is a common sentiment among many other nations. Changing this rooted view in Guatemala would be very difficult, and needs to occur over time, potentially by integrating the people. Not very much actual violence or instability has occured from this yet however, showing the possibility of a change in attitude of the people and a change in any political extremism.

A stronger public school system overseen by the UN may be a potentially effective solution to stop future nationalism and political extremism. Educating the future generations of the people in their nation and of the outside world, as well as integrating the different people groups of Guatemala may temper extremism born of prejudice or lack of knowledge. Preventing immediate violence is a bit trickier without potentially creating more corruption or an oppressive state for the citizens. Creating some kinds of support groups for children, likely immediately after school, may reduce their liability to be caught in violent situations, or from committing acts of violence themselves. Organized neighborhood watches may also reduce the violence. Essentially, there needs to be organizations established and run by the people in order to both help reduce violence and prevent an increase in corruption or oppression.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Guyana
Delegate Name: Natalie Swartz
School: Kalamazoo Central High School

National and political extremism is on the rise, with disastrous effects. Currently, in Iraq people are loyal to either the Sunni or the Shia, which are the two main Muslim tribes. These two groups create tension between them, because they are refusing to acclimatize with each other. This tension could have much greater impacts if larger and more influential countries, such as the United States and Great Britain, began to feel this way. These feelings of tension are caused by the rising nationalism in countries with unstable societies and governments. The nationalistic feeling can lead the formation of political extremist groups. The Cooperative Republic of Guyana believes that we could work with other countries to fight this extremism. This topic is of great care to Guyana, as a developing and recently created country. If countries we rely on for trade, such as Canada, or the USA, began to develop these feeling of national or political extremism, we could suffer economically.

In 2008, a letter to the editor of Stabroek News, a newspaper in Guyana, stated “Black cultural nationalism and political extremism can be a dangerous brew especially in a democracy especially where certain racial and ethnic peculiarities exist.” In Guyana, there are ethnic tensions between the Afro-Guyanese, who are descended from African slaves, and the Indo-Guyanese, descended from Indian indentured servants. Once, there was signs of cooperation between the two groups. But now, the strain between the opposing societies creates extreme nationalism. Recently, Guyana’s political system changed between parties. Until 2015, the People’s Progressive Party, a left-wing party supported by mainly Indo-Guyanese, held majority. In 2015 though, President David A. Granger took office, belonging to People’s National Congress, a party mainly supported by Afro-Guyanese. This switch of power contributed to the ethnic tensions, which can lead to rising nationalism and political extremism.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: India

The rise of nationalism around the around the world in all cultures and nations is no surprise to India. Nationalism is a concept that is inseparable from the nation-state itself, and it is the will of all groups of peoples to come together in a shared unity to form a common group identity. For every man is weaker as an individual, and in order to form a balanced society, we must come to together to form a common community that, like culture and religion, binds us together in an inseparable love and connection. Like a soul to its body, like a people to its nation. However, the rise of political extremism is only a symptom of the larger cause and it is further being exacerbated by the increase in global regulation and a strong feeling of forgottenness and isolation by the lower classes of each nation, where these sentiments are typically the strongest.

To start, the rise of nationalism itself must first be addressed in its cause of origin: the nation-state. Since the formation of this governmental class during the collapse of feudalistic culture after the Middle Ages of European history, the idea of a society being ruled not by a king or queen but by a democracy of the people has prevailed. What many people often forget is that nationalism was the leading driver behind nearly every single political revolution from the late 1700s onward. This is no exception for India, which gained her independence from British rule in 1947, after establishing a united Indian culture that rallied for non-violent resistance to British rule. Nationalism as a concept is natural and healthy. As a globe and as a United Nations, we do not act as a united front, we act as nations and represent our own individual interests. We don’t act as empires or cities or armies or clans but as nations with our own national objectives. This is not wrong, this is the end of colonialism.

The fruits of nationalism are thriving quite well in India and have created a united culture centered around shared Indian heritage and shared Indian experience. Since our nation’s conception, the Indian people have worked to find our connected cultural values and to form a common culture that is centered around “Bharat Mata“ or Mother India. We have taken serious action to prevent radical minority insurgencies from destroying our view of tolerance and acceptance of other cultures since these groups are often the root cause of political extremism and go directly against mainstream political and religious thought. India, being strong in its national identity and being the largest democracy on the planet, believes that it offers a unique perspective in helping the committee work towards improving nationalistic sentiments around the world and alleviating further dangerous turmoil and resentment amongst the world’s lost citizens.

First, India believes that the committee should establish a firm definition of nationalism that establishes a common creed that nations should adhere too. Nationalism itself is an idea that has existed for hundreds of years, we must work to look back at its history, present, and future in order to truly express a meaning that represents the term in its finest light. Nationalism is a quality enshrined into all of a nation’s citizens so the committee should not waste its time trying to separate something that is inseparable, rather we must work to strengthen and foster nationalism in a fashion that benefits each nation.

While creating a definition for nationalism, India believes that the committee should outline what defines good nationalism and work to find ways that the United Nations can encourage nations to take on this idea of good nationalism. This can be done by establishing a firm set of criteria that identifies how nationalism can encourage democratic strength and cultural history. India, for example, has initiated a series of reforms to strengthen our country’s national identity, by establishing new teaching resources through our New Education Policy Consulate, we have been working to update decades-old material and discuss India’s rich and forgotten history and origin. Along with this, while our nation is a secular state, our nation and states have worked to foster our strong Hindu background by supporting regulation of sacred symbols such as cows, which are forbidden to eat under Hinduism. Through encouraging support of developing historical education and the preserving of national heritage and symbols, we can further bring back each country’s rich culture after years of assimilation into foreign colonial governments.

Along with this, India believes that the committee mustn't ignore the impact that the world’s current economic system has had on rising nationalism. India believes that this issue should be a major focus to the committee on two fronts: helping those of lower economic standing and working to adjust the global economic framework. Firstly, India, with the leadership of Prime Minister Modi, has been working tirelessly to achieve Modi’s commitment to “the welfare of farmers” by increasing agricultural production through domestic economic initiatives that target low-income farmers in the most vulnerable of areas. India cares profoundly about the well-being of our farmers, who are the most vulnerable of our lower classes and have committed a traumatizing 300,000 suicides in the past two decades. These farmers show strong nationalistic support for India, not because they want to cause further terror, but they want to be heard by the India government they put their full faith in. India believes that the Special Political and Decolonization Committee must work with other United Nations bodies such as the United Nations Development Program along with other regional Non-Governmental Organizations to expand off of current projects that assist agricultural and rural communities which are the foundation of success for nearly all developing nations. We must also work to allocate money directly into national programs that support each country and its developmental goals. This is our best grass-roots solution to targeting realistic and sensible nationalistic views. Secondly, India also believes that the committee should encourage global cooperation through encouraging the promotion of bilateral trade talks instead of multilateral action and standards. We have seen often that many leaders promote themselves by discouraging global rule of economic systems, and this concern is understood by India. We have engaged with many bilateral trade talks with allies and regional entities in order to help develop India into a rising economic power. India believes that the committee must start questioning key pillars in the world’s way of financing, specifically the role of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its separate sub-groups impact inequality across the world. The WTO needs to be reimagined and modernized to a world where developed and undeveloped nations differ greatly, and where world leaders as a whole view trade as a domestic issue, not a global one. As a committee, we must find ways in which we can balance the global economic system between nations and global standards, to allow each nation to choose their own economic path regardless of what is usually done or what has been done. This can be achieved by encouraging restraint of the WTO is fields outside of multilateral trade negotiating, such as in competition and investment. This will our best solution towards alleviating the most realistic of nationalist concerns.

India looks forward to collaborating with fellow committee members to solve this dire issue. On an issue as diverse and as important as this, we must not work as two divided fronts, but as one body working to find common ground on what matters most. We plan on implementing our solutions and further promoting a healthy nationalistic identity in all nations. Mahatma Gandhi once said that “A nation's culture resides in the hearts and in the soul of its people.”, and with this belief in mind, we must work to foster the beautiful and unique culture of each nation on our shared planet.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Indonesia
Delegate Name: Charlie Krug
School: Forest Hills Central High School

Nationalism is the glue holding a country together, not enough and you’ll fall apart, too much and someone's gotta clean up a mess. Every nation needs nationalism to guarantee people show up to vote, abide by the laws set in place, and keep up any other civil duties necessary to keep a nation going. A state cannot be truly successful unless the state’s best interest is also the people’s best interest. Indonesia saw a slight upheaval in nationalism following the 2016 election cycle which is expected. Indonesia looks to keep its people at heart when making vital decisions and sees the same in return. Once extermeidm is added to the pot things change. When people hold their country, church, city, etc. in such high regard they can take things to the extreme. Today we see countries such as North Korea who have taken nationalism to a far left extreme. This has left millions hungry and Kim Jong Un’s actions in the last five years have not failed to scare nations around the globe. We also have seen a rapid increase in extremist terrorist groups around the world. These people have taken the core beliefs that their country and/or religion has taught them and then them farther than anyone should. Whole villages have been killed and set ablaze in the name of extremism. Indonesia looks to see the geopolitical community reflect their true morals in this committee and work bilaterally with others to achieve a comprehensive “solution” to the increase in extremist violence currently killing our peoples.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Iran
Delegate Name: Samantha DePerno
School: Mattawan High School

Nationalism is the idea of promoting the interests of a specific nation. In this situation, it needs to be discovered how this comes to be. Many people develop their nationalist beliefs due to their patriotic nature that can be taken to extremes. Nationalist believe that their country is superior to any other, and sometimes that can develop into extremism, where their beliefs become so extreme that it can be dangerous, for example, many extremists cause riots to “protest” things that go against their beliefs, and these riots can become very dangerous very quickly and many people are injured or killed because of them. Some extremist groups such as ISIS can kidnap and torture those who don’t have the same beliefs as them, and are willing to die for the cause. The Special Political committee is here to find out why these people come to be nationalists or extremists. Iran experiences many extremist attacks due to the location of the country. Iran being in the Middle East has caused the country to be a victim and a cause of these extremist attacks. The vast majority of these attacks are religious in nature and caused by Muslim extremist groups. One of the most well known groups at this time is ISIS, and from the 1990s and early 2000s, Al Qaeda. Iran is all too familiar with the problems with nationalist and extremist groups. On September 22, 2018, an attack on a military parade in southern Iran left 25 dead. On June 7, 2017, 12 people were killed in the twin terror attacks in Tehran, which ISIS took responsibility before. Due to ISIS being in the Middle East, many people outside of the Middle East don’t focus on attacks that happen in the Middle East, even though Iran has many terrorist attacks that happen inside its borders. Iran struggles with prejudice from other countries who automatically assume that because terrorist groups and extremist groups are mostly concentrated in the Middle East, that all people in the Middle East are a part of those groups, while some are apart of those groups, the reality is that many of them are the victims of these attacks. Iran recommends that the Special Political committee should take action to put a stop to the development of nationalist and extremist movements, and take down the existing groups that cause immediate danger to numerous nations in and outside of the Middle East. SpecPol must take action on these groups before more people lose their lives because of them. Nationalist and extremist groups can be very dangerous; they are usually willing to die for their cause, and usually have dedicated their life to it.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Iraq

Pride for your people and nation is can be admirable, but malice towards others solely because they are of a different nationality or political persuasion is unacceptable and dangerous. This simple lesson has been taught on numerous occasions throughout history. Warring neighbors, a world at war with itself, and ideologies that follow a “us vs them” mentality cause greater harm than good. So it is with alarm that Iraq recognizes just such a mentality building in some of the strongest and most developed nations in the U.N. We must not dare to risk the collapse of international ties over something as petty as place of birth, language, religion, or color of skin, much less a third world war. As a global community, we must take immediate steps to prevent such a potential tragedy from occurring.

Iraq understands the extent of the consequences that extremism can cause in a nation. 19,000 Iraqi citizens were been shot, bombed, and burned between January 2014 and October 2015 during our war against Daesh. These armed, non-governmental militia groups were formed out of hatred, distrust, misinformation, and extremist ideology. Now that we and our allies have won a hard fought campaign against these insurgents, it is allowing us to finally begin rebuilding. In this rebuilding process we hope to create a more unified, pacific, and involved nation, where any Iraqi citizens irrelevant of sect can participate in government. We hope that if we can foster globalism with solidarity and understanding among our people, then our children will never have to watch their nation descend into war as we did.

By the time the jihadists in Iraq declared war on the all who were not with them, it was too late. War became the only option. Observing what is currently brewing in many nations of the Western world, It does not and should not be that way. Education is the best option. It gives people empathy and helps open paths to new relationships. Best of all, it resolves the conflict without violence or force. The last thing Iraq wants is to light the fire of hatred by violent repression of extremist groups. If we can show our children or even misguided adults the true strength that comes from ties that cross nations, religions, and ethnicities, we can prevent the immense harm that has historically been caused by extremism

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Italy
Delegate Name: Abigail Lawrence
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

Nationalism has recently become a political trend amongst Western countries, especially Europe. In most recent elections, it was shown that, out of fifteen European countries, twelve of them had a nationalist party increase its number of seats by more than ten percent. One of which had an increase of twenty-nine percent. Accompanying this surge has also been the rise of legislation promoting tighter borders and anti-establishmentarianism. In addition, many nationalist parties have worked to unite themselves across borders. As a nationalist country, Italy supports the rising nationalism movement believing that it is a necessary response to the threats of immigration.

Currently, the populist parties have won the mandate to govern. The leading far-right parties in Italy are the Five Star Movement lead by Luigi Di Maio and the League lead by Matteo Salvini. The parties grew in power during a long period of economic depression and high unemployment rates that occurred in tandem with a high influx of immigrants crossing the Mediterranean Sea to seek asylum in Europe. Italy has had to manage the large surge of immigration that occurred between 2012 and 2016, during which around 500,000 asylum seekers arrived, while the European Union struggled to redistribute them. The security threat that such a large influx of immigrants creates enabled the nationalist parties to rise to power due to their strict anti-immigration policies. Italy now implements a strong and deliberate stance on restricting immigration and deporting all illegal immigrants. Nationally, the Five Star Movement, the current largest populist party, works to lower taxes and tighten immigration further. Internationally, Salvini has been working with other nationalist party leaders, such as Marine Le Pen from France’s National Rally, to create a pan-european network of nationalist parties. In addition, nationalist leaders, including Italy, have met in Germany to discuss the creation of the Nationalist International which would become an international representation of nationalist parties’ priorities and ideologies.

Italy suggests that political extremism and nationalistic parties are able to come into power due to dissatisfaction with the government’s policies regarding deciding topics like taxes, immigration, and the state of the economy. Nationalistic governments are capable of relieving the dissatisfaction of the people. Therefore, no action by the United Nations needs to be taken regarding the rise in nationalism and political extremism, as these parties are working to resolve the concerns of the people who brought them into power.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Japan
Delegate Name: Dylan Haywood
School: Vicksburg High School

The delegation of Japan, having experienced the turmoil and struggle of political extremism in our past, is highly dedicated to solving the negative connotations that political extremism face. Nationalism however, is of a different sort of issue, for the delegation of Japan firmly believes in the nations right to be who it is. Nationalism in Japan and in other nations across the world, when checked upon regularly, is not a threat in itself. What is a threat is ideologies that promote a lack of political freedom among the populace, not the idea of nationalism as a whole. For the delegation of Japan firmly believes in the right for all nations to determine for themselves a culture and identity, and nationalism is simply a tool in doing so. We would like to see nations in East Asia that have subscribed to forms of political extremism discussed and possibilities of reform in those countries considered. The dangers of such extremist forms of government within the sphere of Japan deeply troubles us, and to address this would help make the nation of Japan utterly grateful. We would like to see nationalism monitored, but we would still like to see nations retain their nationalism if they so seek to be a nation who has pride in themselves as the nation of Japan does. Overall, we wish to come to a resounding and swift strike at political extremism, however, we would wish to retain the ability for a nation to have pride in its identity.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Kuwait
Delegate Name: Kyle Korte
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

Nationalism is perhaps one of the greatest forces in the world; it has the ability to unite millions of people under a common set of ideas or goals. Nationalism transcends loyalty to one’s country, it is the belief that one’s country is inherently superior to all other countries. This extreme form of patriotism was, in part, responsible for starting World War I (WW1) as many European citizens not only believed in their countries superiority to other European nations, but they also came to despise their enemies, thereby escalating tensions. In recent years, American President Donald Trump openly admitted to being a nationalist and European nations are showing signs of nationalism similar to those present before the outbreak of WW1 as many far-right group begin to gain traction in numerous European Union countries such as Italy’s anti-immigrant Lega and Germany’s Alternativ fur Deutschland (AfD). In the Middle East, many extremist groups, such as the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and Hezbollah, are pushing for political reform in violent manners.

While the State of Kuwait does not recognize political parties, political extremism has been a historically challenging issue. Since 1952, the Muslim Brotherhood has sought to instate hardline Sharia law through electing members of the Islamic Constitutional Movement to parliament, though they have never been able to win a majority, and in recent years, groups inside of Kuwait have worked to raise and funnel funds to terrorist organizations and the country has been used as a transit point by jihadists to other Gulf countries. However, since a mosque bombing carried out by an ISIS suicide bomber killed 27 and injured 227 in 2015, Kuwait has escalated efforts to eradicate extremist ideology, including arresting and convicting members of jihadist groups and passing legislation to reduce the threat of terrorist activity, including criminalizing fundraising and propagandizing for terrorist groups. To further combat terrorist fundraising, Kuwait participates in the Middle East and North Africa Financial Action Task Force (MENAFACTF) and the Financial Action Task Force (FATF). Additionally, Kuwait’s Ministry of Social Affairs and Labor (MOSAL) monitors charities and has, on occasion, dissolved charities that were illegally fundraising. The Ministry of the Interior (MOI) and the Kuwait National Guard are the primary counterterrorism agencies; additionally, the Kuwait government authorized many countering violent extremism (CVE) programs that provide alternative messages to extremist ideas. The Kuwait government has also begun monitoring sermons delivered by Kuwaiti clerics in order to prevent the dissemination of extremist ideology. Kuwait participates in many counter terrorism initiatives on the international level, chief among these are the Global Counterterrorism Forum. Kuwait has pledged at least $200 million to the U.S.-led Global Coalition to Counter ISIS that it participates in. Kuwait is dedicated to the fight against political extremism and the rising nationalist sentiments, specifically fighting terrorist groups in the Middle East that are an immediate threat to not only Kuwait but all Gulf countries and the world at large.

The State of Kuwait recommends that the Special Political committee take immediate action to address the current threats to political stability that nationalism and extremism have proven to be. In pursuance of the goals of the UN Charter, the Special Political committee must reaffirm actions of the UN and the former Secretary General Ban Ki-moon’s Plan of Actions to Prevent Violent Extremism, which “takes a practical and comprehensive approach to address the drivers of violent extremism.” These measures, however, are not enough. It is necessary to combat not only violent extremism but also radicalization as that often leads to violent extremism. Kuwait has taken pertinent steps to prevent extremist ideology that uses violence as a catalyst for change, specifically through monitoring sermons, and it is time for the UN to do the same. Kuwait believes that it is necessary for the UN to create a body, with representation from all regions of the world, that is tasked with closely monitoring platforms for extremism in their respective regions and reporting it back to the body. It is then the job of the Special Political committee determine and deter threats of extremism through providing alternate messages to extremist ideologies. The creation of an international forum for politics may provide another solution, one in which open conversation, mediated by a neutral party, will allow for political groups to become more open-minded and aware of other points of view.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Mexico
Delegate Name: Luis F. Vazquez
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

Political extremism is a topic which leaves most people with an ideology which leads to less efforts towards better global advancements. When President Trump of the United States Of America was elected to president it lead to many european countries following suit in electing a president or leader who is similar to President Trump. The Newly elected political leaders are similar to trump in the nationalistic values they share. When national leaders run campaigns based upon nationalistic rethorics it creates an ideology within various countries that lead to violence and hostility towards people who who are “foreign”. Mexico is widely aware of the affects other countries have when they become massively nationalistic. Although spots of nationalism can spotted within all countries ,even Mexico, there are some countries which are a greater threat to the international political stability; if the countries which are the most nationalistic are not contained there will be more countries with nationalistic views and that will make it incredibly difficult to achieve any sense of international political achievement.

Mexico is experiencing turmoil over extreme political dispute whether it be zapatistas, Eco-extremist, or the ongoing cartel war. These problems have the similarity in that they arise out from people who are impoverished and understandingly distressed. These political disputes have reason and such Mexico has employed various systems to combat the problem; these political extremes ,however, lack the similarities when it comes to countries like the United States of America and similar nationalistic countries. When countries, especially those with power and influence like the U.S. implore nationalistic views it can cause massive catastrophes; look no further than towards WW2 for evidence.

Mexico proposes for the U.N to create a council to assess different countries when they rise to become a threat to international political stability and show nationalistic views. The purpose of the council would be to solve the underlying problems resulting in the nationalistic views. To further emphasizes the council’s purpose, it would not be to deny or suppress the ideas of countries who are seen as nationalistic or extreme but to provide assistance on varying approaches to the problems presented at hand.

In inclusion to the council Mexico proposes for countries who are deemed to run strong with nationalistic or extreme views to in some matter assist to alleviate the origin problem of what they are politically fighting against(through the council). For instance this would include a country that is experiencing problems with immigration would mean that they would target the country where they believe immigration is coming from and solve the problem instead of disregarding it.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Moldova
Delegate Name: Matthew Russell
School: Williamston High School

Nationalism has been both a force for good and evil throughout the course of human history. While nationalism can be seen quite a bit in more recent society its roots are much older going back to ancient and classical civilizations. While it did not share the same name, the sentiment was not dissimilar to what we see today and in more recent history. In these ancient times nationalism was used to unify people who in some cases were separated by larger geographical distances then what was reasonably traversable. It exists in a similar capacity today wherein people are unified and kept loyal. This helps prevent people from turning over to potentially harmful ideologies. However nationalism has also been used to unjustly suppress people especially of specific ethnic backgrounds. This can lead to situation of heightened tensions which have caused both physical and cultural harm. While not as recognized as the political extremism that is seen in the Middle East, this kind of cultural suppression, usually perpetrated by larger countries, is a problem. Countries like Moldova has experienced this in the past and feel especially strongly about the issue as they do not wish for a repeat. Unfortunately Moldova is sometimes used as a transit station for illegal goods such as nuclear material but is thunder supplied to extremist groups in other parts of the world, but Moldova has stopped these criminals at every turn. The Republic of Moldova has experienced a recent growth nationalism, however unlike many other countries, this has only strengthened our country. Before The Republic of Moldova has been culturally suppress because of the dangerous nationalism of such powers like the Russian Empire and the USSR. Only now have we become truly free. However there are still dangers. Unfortunately certain ethnic minorities in The Republic of Moldova have attempted to undermine all the progress that has been made in securing the ethnic identity of the Moldovan people. In 2009 there was a riot by these minorities and sympathizers of them, they were successfully shut down. As of yet no major attacks have been made but there is always the threat that these people will try and suppressed Moldova again as they have historically, most likely through violent means. Having groups that have shown likely intent to achieve their goals, even through some degree of chaos, The Republic of Moldova believes the only way forward is to stop these groups harboring nothing but ill intent. Most nationalism is not the issue here, the only issue the nationalism of those peoples who is goal it is to suppress the rightful inhabitants geographical regions like Moldova. Moving forward it is key to put a stop to the cultural suppression of countries who have been suppressed for so long. The false propagation of lies must be stopped, certain groups of people brand those who have strong nationalism as extremists however this is just a tactic to suppress the countries where the supposed dangerous nationalism is coming from. The Republic of Moldova expect to see support from any country who wants to stop the suppression of these countries, many of whom only recently got their independence.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Myanmar
Delegate Name: Sam Shepich
School: Forest Hills Central High School

Nationalism is often misinterpreted as an assertion of superiority over surrounding nations. As such, there is a growing superstition that condemns nationalism as the catalyst for conflicts. Rather, it is indubitably a form of patriotism, be it in one’s culture, religion, or nation. It provides a commonality that ties citizens together, rather than enforcing jingoism and xenophobia. These actions are what spur the violent nature of some political reformations, such as Alternativ fur Deutschland (AfD) and the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS).

While there have been accusations of extremism with the 969 Movement, Myanmar believes that nationalism is not the primary cause of any such extremism. Furthermore, Myanmar does not believe that it is the place of the Special Political Committee to meddle in the patriotic affairs of countries. It clearly disregards the national sovereignty of the aforementioned countries in order to further the U.N.’s power. Myanmar is distraught at the U.N. human rights chief Zeid Ra'ad al-Hussein calling our affairs “textbook ethnic cleansing”. Such magnification of neutralization of Rohingya insurgents exhibits a clear bias that is pervading in the operations of the U.N.

Myanmar firmly believes that any actions to quell “extreme nationalism” should be addressed by the nation as a sovereign governing body rather than an overseeing committee. Any further action taken by the committee is blatant disrespect to the citizens’ culture. While indirect media of discussion of extreme nationalism may prove beneficial, any invasive actions will not be tolerated by Myanmar. The mitigation of the unity proffered by nationalistic ideals will ultimately lead to political discourse and downfall as seen in several nations today.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Netherlands
Delegate Name: Caleb Bartes
School: Roeper School

The tutelage of nationalistic ideals has become more prevalent currently then has ever been expressed throughout the course of history. As countries become more advanced, the social climates within them tend to transition from a nationalistic pursuit to a more socially and globally acceptable atmosphere. This enhanced social climate is strictly limited to very few countries and, as the rest of the world grows in their own tolerance, we see the regression of many countries as fear motivates them to become more and more absorbed in their own patriotic beliefs. This fascinating political phenomenon has shaken global diplomacy, as nationalistic attitudes have left many countries sealed off from the rest of the world, in their own drastic attempts to display their patriotism. These unprecedented chauvinistic attitudes have manifested itself in ways seen before in history, such as the attempted creation of a black ethno-state within South Africa via the seizing of land from white farmers without compensation or justified reasoning. Other examples of this nationalistic behavior can include Pan-Turkism, as an ideology of the Turkish nationalists or Aryanism, as an ideology to promote the idea that the Aryans are the master race. All of these examples are nationalistic regimes pushing for a political reform through the unwilling compliance of some minority group.

The Netherlands has had a great deal of exposure to a variety of political extremism, mostly from the rise of Islamic extremism within the country. There has been a substantial threat level within The Netherlands since 2013 due to increasingly targeted Muslim asylum seekers and their efforts to proselytize. From a face value perspective, this issue may seem minute in nature. But when compared to vastly similar cases of political extremism, this is just the beginning of a larger jihadist movement. This movement has already revealed itself to be quite prominent within the Netherlands since, as of March 2018, an estimated 60 Dutch citizens have been killed have been killed by these radical extremists. To put this threat to national security into perspective, in a Pew Research poll, 71 percent of Dutch citizens viewed political extremism as a top threat facing the country. Frivolous attempts have been made by the National Coordinator for Security and Counterterrorism (NCTV) to prevent further radicalization, through increased cultural awareness and forced recognition of Islamic ideals. None of these attempts to combat this increased scourge of extremism has been successful, as further homegrown radicalization continues to occur. According to The General Intelligence and Security Service (AIVD), politically motivated attacks related to Islamic extremism are at an all time high, as there are a reported 4,038 incidents involving Islamic extremists in 2016 alone. The Netherlands has done a great deal for its own country in terms of counter-extremist measures, but also has done a great deal for the international community. This is in part due to the cultural shift implemented by the government to make political extremism a more open and widespread discussion amongst the Dutch people. According to a Pew Research Center Poll, 77 percent of Dutch citizens would support some form of military action against Extremist groups. It is through this large amount of public support that The Netherland’s government has been able to combat political extremists through use of military force, as well as whistleblowing campaigns to blow the lid on rising extremist groups before they can do any real harm. The Netherlands calls upon the Special Political and Decolonization Committee to recognize the statistical malaise coming from all countries absentmindedly funneling in refugees, as this action only agitates the issue of radicalization. Nationalism, as well as political extremism, must be considering in the problem solving of many countries plagued by the blight of extreme globalism to combat nationalism, as that only hastens the downfall of a cultural ecosystem. The Netherlands strongly urges all countries faced with the decision to combat nationalism through the increased diversification of a population to consider the ramifications that that might hold in terms of accelerated political extremism. The Netherlands calls upon the Special Political Committee to use military means to seek out those with the potential to be radicalized through means of extensive vetting and purposed limited travel to countries that are at a hazard for radicalizing Dutch citizens. Although these actions seem extreme, it is the right choice to combat such violent forces.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: New Zealand
Delegate Name: Anish Kokkula
School: Troy High School

Nationalism is the ideology of “power hunger driven by self-deception.” Although nationalism can unify a country, it often ruins diplomatic relationships between countries. Nationalist movements date back to the American Revolution in the 1770s and the French Revolution a decade later. Political extremist problems arise when people begin to exaggerate the value and importance of their own country, believing that it's beliefs, virtues and interests are superior to other countries. For example, according to Alpha History, nationalism was a part of what caused World War 1 and World War 2, as the “great powers” — Germany, US, France, UK, Russia, etc. — strongly believed in the cultural, economic, and military supremacy of their nation. As these increasingly prominent nationalist movements continue to occur today, it is the duty of the Special Political committee to curb the violence and instability that fuels political extremes. New Zealand understands the negative effects that Nationalism and Political Extremism can have on the world; as a result, it is in not only our best interests but in the best interest of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee to act deliberately on this topic.

Although nationalism exists in New Zealand, rather than stimulating people’s belief in their country’s of cultural, economic, and military superiority, it unites people by creating a patriotic feeling for their country, principles, and efforts. For example, in March 2014, Prime Minister John Key denounced the national flag of New Zealand claiming that it “evoked an older version of the nation, one which was much more closely tied to their colonial yoke.” A sense of nationalism was created by the efforts to create a new flag that better represents the mainstream New Zealand culture. The Department of Corrections in New Zealand established a Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) group in 2015. According to the Department of Corrections, their establishment arose from the “recognition that they play an important role in the government's wider counter-terrorism strategy.” The department developed a CVE strategy to protect public safety, aiming to address extremism emanating from a range of sub-groups and affiliations that pose a threat to both public and community safety. This includes groups such as radical Islamic terrorists, extreme right-wing groups, and violent issue motivated groups. As a part of UNESCO, New Zealand plays a vital role in preventing threats driven by distorted interpretations of culture, hatred, and ignorance. Disarming the process of radicalization must begin with human rights and the rule of law, with dialogue across all boundary lines. New Zealand understands that it is crucial for global prosperity to eradicate nationalist and extremist sentiments because it leads to national confrontations and violence.

New Zealand is aware that some political extremists are harmless to a nation, but others are known to engage in ideologically driven criminal activity, including violence. We recognize that we cannot completely suppress the formation of these groups, as it is against moral principles such as the U.S. Constitution's First Amendment, which prevents the government from making laws that prohibit speech or assembly. New Zealand proposes that the Special Political Committee makes an effort to control only the violent groups, such as extreme left-wing or right-wing groups, Radical Islamic Terrorists, Anti-abortion extremists, Militias, White Supremacists, etc. We must prevent extremist movements from its source: radicalization. We must focus our efforts on suppressing not the extremist groups that already exist, but rather on preventing the rise of these extremist groups from the process of radicalization. An international effort must be made to follow in the footsteps of the Countering Violent Extremism Task Force (CVE), a US government program established under the Obama administration to counter all violent ideologies. This can be accomplished by engaging community groups such as local governments, police departments, universities, and non-profits, in the counterterrorism effort through education programs or counter-messaging. Nationalism often unites a nation, but extremism will tear it apart. A resolution that tackles extremist movements from its core is in the best interest of the UN, as it will end any threat to peace that is imposed by political extremists.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Nigeria

Nationalism can be described as patriotic feeling, principle, or effort. Also, it is associated with the will to kill for one’s country because there is a mass feeling for it. This may make a nation unstoppable because they have the thought process of them being a top power. This was a prevalent theme in Germany and Italy During World War I. As for these two nations, they believed that their beliefs were correct. That is where political extremism comes into play. Political extremism is when someone disagrees with the nation’s beliefs. In this example, it is two nations with different viewpoints. In the present, nationalism can be found in nations with extreme viewpoints, such as the United States of America. Once President Trump was elected, many people became beyond angry. As a result, people rioted and protested for his impeachment. On the other end of things, many people were also ecstatic about his election. Extremism is needed to keep nations in check; it should always stay on the edge of things. Once it becomes more open, the possibility of anarchy is at reach. This is what’s happening in Nigeria. Within Nigeria, there is Northern Nigeria and Southern Nigeria. Northern Nigeria is mainly Muslim and generally looks to the Middle East as their cultural example. As for Southern Nigeria, they are largely Christian and look to Western and traditional Africa. Due to this, there is much political tension between the two regions. Immensely, the two groups don’t have any trust in each other, and they also share little to no common beliefs politically and religiously. All of this also included violence. Within a nation, this tension leads to tough arguments and backlash, and this is no help in any development. Southern Nigerians have huge anxiety about the Muslims of the North. They are anxious that Muslim laws will be enforced and that they will become the political power in Nigeria. Also, Muslims, especially from Northern Nigeria, dislike the idea of Westernization and wish to keep everything as it was around their colonization. To simply put it, Nigeria should split up and become North Nigeria and South Nigeria. This would help break up tension between the Christians and Muslims living in the two regions. They seem to always contradict each other’s ideas and beliefs, so why not split up? In contrast, if they were to do this, it would be horrible on both economies, and they may fall into some sort of depression. Another solution to avoid having a collapsing economy would be to set laws where they can reassure citizens that neither religious group will take over. In other words, Nigeria should get rid of the Sharia-laws that are in their government because that is what is making the Northerners so anxious. Instead, they could form laws that don’t retain to any specific religion, but what the people think. Works Cited Ochonu, Moses. "The Roots of Nigeria's Religious and Ethnic Conflict." Public Radio International, PRI, 10 Mar. 2014, www.pri.org/stories/2014-03-10/roots-nigerias-religious-and-ethnic-conflict. Accessed 13 Nov. 2018.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Pakistan
Delegate Name: Matthew Tomaszewski
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

In the 1940s, the world experienced its most deadly conflict: World War II. Two root causes of the war were nationalism and political extremism. Not only through using citizens of the Jewish race as a scapegoat, but also through playing off of the marginalized sentiment of the German people after their treatment in the Treaty of Versailles, Adolf Hitler was able to instill dangerous nationalist ideals into the hearts of his citizens that allowed him to lead his inhumane conquest of Europe. In present day Europe, nationalism and political extremism are once again rising. Throughout Europe many nationalist political parties have taken office such as Austria’s Freedom Party which acquired 26% of Austria’s parliamentary seats and only narrowly lost their 2016 presidential election. One of the party’s fundamental campaigning issues is the influx of Middle Eastern immigrants to the region and their apparent threat to the Austrian cultural identity. In order to avoid recurring mass conflict and the unnecessary loss of human life, the United Nations must determine what causes rising nationalism and deduce possible ways to limit its negative effects.

The Islamic Republic of Pakistan has dealt with issues of nationalism and political extremism firsthand through the conflict in Afghanistan. For four decades, the Pakistani people have suffered, with over 27,000 citizens slain by terrorists and estimated economic losses of $120 billion. Prime Minister Imran Khan has chastised the United States for using Pakistan as a “scapegoat for its failure in Afghanistan.” Pakistan believes that United States’ violence has led to the growth of violence from the Taliban, specifically through their drone bombings in the northwestern region of Pakistan and throughout Afghanistan. The most effective way to limit the problem of an increasingly violent Taliban is to engage in peace talks with the militant group in order to peacefully reach a solution without unnecessary bloodshed. Prime Minister Khan has also stated, “Whenever [armed forces are sent] into civilian areas there are human right abuses.” Pakistan believes that a better solution to lowering the tension of rising extremism and nationalism is to not marginalize dangerous groups and suppress them, as it can often lead to empathy and more support for these factions. Rather, a better solution is to peacefully resolve the conflict through diplomatic means.

When combating rising nationalism and political extremism, it is essential to consider that marginalised groups often rise up and become violent. The Islamic Republic of Pakistan therefore recommends that resolutions addressing this issue are made in a way as to not marginalize nationalist and extremist factions due to the negative effect such actions have on pertaining situations. Furthermore, Pakistan recommends that the United Nations incentivizes both an end to the drone strikes in Pakistan and also peace talks with extremist militant groups in order to lower tensions with and the violence of these organizations.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Palestine
Delegate Name: Sam Noonan
School: Troy High School

The concept of nationalism is one that immediately draws a reaction – whether positive or negative, simply the word is enough to evoke great emotion and opinion from those on all sides of the political spectrum. Many have pride in their country, pride in their land, and pride in their government – Palestine believes that these principles are essential for a productive and efficient nation, and that great growth can come from them when kept in check. The Palestinian people are proud of their land and their country, and have fought for what they feel to be right. We love deeply our native lands, the places our ancestors lived, and the places our ancestors are to live. However, due to the creation of the state of Israel, our lands have been wrongly denied to us; a historic achievement involving a historic wrong – the displacement of our peoples from our native lands.

Israeli nationalism and hatred towards Palestine further breeds extremism, putting into a vicious cycle that leads to conflict on both sides. Take, for example, the recent Israeli raid in the Gaza Strip. A covert Israeli operation turned violent as they unleashed airstrikes and rocket fire, leaving at least seven Palestinians dead. This is the nature of nationalism that breeds and snakes into peoples of all countries and cultures, regardless of location or political orientation. Nationalism on one side causes extremism in return, and conflict is inevitable. The only true solutions must be achieved by either peaceful agreement or revolution – this is what history has dictated, and is what will remain if action is not taken.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Peru
Delegate Name: Alex Vankuiken
School: Grand Rapids City High School

While nationalism clearly carries threats towards the health of a nation and its democracy, Peru is hesitant to argue that nationalism is problematic in and of itself. Unbridled nationalism does create many problems. It has lead to the rise of far-right candidates who are often corrupt in Peru and abroad, infringing upon the rights of citizens. It fuels extremist groups, such as the Shining Path in Peru, who conduct relentless terrorist operations against the will of the people. It often creates policies that prove counterproductive to the issues they mean to address. But nationalism only serves to be problematic when left unchecked. When individuals put pride in their nation ahead of the rights of each other is when nationalism truly does become a problem. But a healthy level of nationalism encourages political participation and active care for one’s country. Peru believes that any resolution passed should not condemn nationalism altogether, but seek to regulate nationalism so that it does not become an ailment. The most pressing issue concerning nationalism in Peru’s eyes is the creation of extremist organizations. Extremism directly threatens the institutions that make up a nation, so in short-term Peru sees countering these groups as a necessary first step to preventing radicalization. A resolution should include measures of support to weakened governmental institutions that combat extremism, as well as provisions specifically to address the role the internet plays in creating extremists. Only when absolutely necessary should civilians be armed in self-defense, but it is a last resort. Preventing extremism in its earliest stages is key in ensuring radical movements do not manifest. Nationalism, however, often comes forth within democratic institutions. As seen in Peru, populist policies can give way to a meteoric rise in candidates that don’t necessarily have the rights of people in mind. Nativist politicians who actively seek the destruction of democracy can easily rise to power by proposing simple solutions to complex problems. Peru sees this as a symptom of political dysfunction. When imperative issues need answers, a congress or president that does not act, whether unwilling or unable, becomes the subject of criticism to nationalist outsiders, who can quickly gain the support of the populace and subvert democracy as a whole. These politicians most often campaign on issues such as economic malaise, portraying a system that easily leaves citizens behind. Peru recommends a resolution that recognizes the role dysfunction plays in supporting populism. A solution must involve addressing underlying issues of income inequality and changing populations as well as focusing on the dysfunction that prevents nations from making progress on these issues. To prevent nationalist backlash is to create flexible yet powerful policies that address problems at hand, creating pride, rather than anger, in a nation’s people.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Philippines
Delegate Name: Leah Palladino
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

Nationalism, or pride in one's own country, has become one of the more common sentiments expressed around the world. One of the benefits of nationalism is that almost everyone believes that the state is legitimate and supports it often without question. It does not necessarily manufacture hatred for other nations or a competitive nature, for it entails a primary concern for one’s fellow citizens and the needs of the nation. Nationalism creates a sense of unity and strength within a nation.

Following World War II, the global goal was to create political and economic structures and create alliances like the UN, EU, IMF, WTO, NAFTA, and the Trans-Pacific Trade Partnership to bring peace and prosperity to the world. Although a nationalist country will focus on its well-being and needs first, this does not mean that these countries are opposed to working with the globe to maintain peace and prosperity. For example, on December 27, 1945, the Philippines became an active member of the IMF, which works to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world. Our President, Rodrigo Duterte, said he hopes that “the Filipino people will continue to unite to solve the country’s ills as the Philippines joins the rest the world in welcoming 2018.” As nationalism has become an increasingly evident ideal in the Philippines, the sense of unity and national identity has grown. The sense of patriotism has reached a moment of strength as ninety one percent of Filipinos expressed their trust to President Rodrigo Duterte and his promise of change in the country in the coming years. The Philippines is no longer a colonial state; we have worked to advance cultural and national identity. We are not against working with other countries, but the issues of our nation will be put first by the citizens and government of the Philippines. The United Nations should support dynamic and prospering nations with government styles that create unity and are successful, and they should not hinder such success by limiting this political, social, and economic system. In contrast, an issue that the United Nations should be concerned with is dangerous agendas of specific nations. For example, communist extremist rebels and Islamic separatist insurgencies have been detrimental to the Philippines, especially on the southern island of Mindanao. As a result, several thousands of Filipinos have been murdered in bombings, assassinations, kidnapping attempts, and executions.

Nationalistic ideals can bring states together and invigorate unity. The Philippines resolves that little should be done to restrain the growth of nationalism, for it builds trust and patriotism within a country without hindering global peace. The Philippines asks this committee to reconsider preconceived opinions of nationalism. Nationalism creates political and societal unity within one’s country and has not hurt the world economy, for the United States continues to provide aid to the Philippines despite growing nationalistic views. The United Nations does not need to strongly address the issue of rising nationalism and political extremism.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Poland
Delegate Name: Annika Santos
School: Forest Hills Central High School

Nationalism is defined as loyalty and devotion to a nation. Extremism is defined as the advocacy of extreme measures or views. These are two very different words; people must make the distinction between these two definitions as they should not be confused with one another. A country may have nationalistic views without provoking extremism and harm on other countries. Extremism, on the other hand, has been the cause of many major wars. Of course, extremism can be seen as the largest cause of World War II with Hitler having extreme ideas of the superiority of a certain people. This resulted in the death of millions of people. In the past decade, there has been a noticeable, growing amount of nationalist movements. With the knowledge that nationalism can come to a point of reaching extremism, we must respond to these events. Poland recognizes the dangers of these ideas. However, we also must take into account the possibility that nationalism can be used positively. Recently, with the new Polish government, Poland has been put into a nationalistic category. This categorizing has been done negatively and resulted in the xenophobia of other nations; people should not be concerned. We, like many other nations, are just celebrating our independence and pride in our nation. In our most recent Independence Day march, there were multiple extremist groups—some burned an EU flag chanting “down with the European Union”. These people are a terrible representation of the Polish people and Poland recognizes that they are only a minority. As for extremist views outside of our nation, Poland is working hard to combat terrorism with Algeria in Syria, Libya, and Mali. Poland understands the fears of extremism and its dangerous effects. We are willing to work with other countries to counter the effects of extremism while reminding all countries that nationalism can be used positively; we can still build a democratic and peaceful society through national dialogue. Also, Poland recommends supporting “ local communities in order to strengthen resilience against violent extremist agendas” as stated by our UN ambassador, Minister Wronecka. It is the duty of the UN to keep a peaceful society throughout the world and to prevent the extremist ideas before they begin.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Saudi Arabia
Delegate Name: Joshua Lancaster
School: Grand Rapids City High School

Saudi Arabia recognizes what Nationalism can do to a nation and more specifically it's people, Saudi Arabia is also wary to not only define nationalism as inherently bad as well implementing rules that impose upon a nations sovereignty. Nationalism can be used by a nation to get out of a rough spot like a depression, and if it is handled well it is not a problem. Because of this however, Saudi Arabia questions whether or not it is in SpecPol committee's rights to ask a country to change nationalism? It seems that extremism is a case by case basis and therefor is a domestic problem. A problem that SpecPol can not address. Saudi Arabia hopes the this committee can create guidelines to an acceptable amount of nationalism, because too much nationalism can be bad for a country, but for poorer, or newer countries nationalism can be a useful tool.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Somalia
Delegate Name: Matt Catchick
School: Royal Oak High School

The Federal Republic of Somalia is not absent to the looming threat of political extremism. The terrorist group known as Al-Shabab has tormented and caused many problems for Somalis. In the sobering fight against this group, the Federal Republic of Somalia has found that a crucial foundation of political extremist groups are in young people. In stopping young people from being recruited more heavily into these groups, the Federal Republic of Somalia has implemented an educational based program in schools that reached up to 25,000 citizens and counting.

The Federal Republic of Somalia also recognizes the implementation of foreign aid in combating against political extremism, mainly for countries that are unable to or are incapacitated. For these poor, smaller countries that deal with violent political extremism, it’s much harder for them to fight against extremism on their own. At this time, we as the Special Political committee must recognize such countries and extend a hand however and wherever we can, in order for insuring a safer community not only for the population of young people, but for all of us. The Federal Republic of Somalia has had great assistance from other wealthier countries in assisting with political extremism, and would encourage said countries to continue doing so, as well as adhering this ideology in other countries with similar, perhaps even more violent circumstances.

The Federal Republic of Somalia greatly acknowledges the importance of foreign aid, and would look forward to seeing this policy being implemented further in committee, alongside that of education. In adherence to both aiding countries in need financially, as well as militarily, we as a committee can ensure a safer, and more peaceful time for us all.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: South Africa
Delegate Name: Nuala Richards
School: Forest Hills Northern High School

Nationalism emphasizes the collective of a specific nation, which in practice has translated that a nation is the people described within popular sovereignty, this devotion overlooking the interests of groups or individuals. Nationalist movements have had success in unifying several states as well as driving independence movements, drawing inspiration from the French revolution, and earlier American revolution. However, nationalism also has the potential to polarize and destroy nations.

Two main nationalist movements have developed in South Africa, black nationalism and white Afrikaner nationalism. Black nationalism is focused on improving the status and rights of Africans amidst the colonialism and Apartheid. Meanwhile, Afrikaner Nationalism focuses on a narrower government and white supremacy. Black nationalist ideas can be seen in the ANC, which was the political party that brought an end to the apartheid. Today the ANC is still in power and efforts are still being made to right the disparities originating from the apartheid. Unlike the USA and other places, nationalism and extremism have not brought any significant terrorist attacks or major militant groups.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: South Korea
Delegate Name: Grant Sizemore
School: Grand Rapids City High School

The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea is a nation proud of its heritage and government. Seeing the rise in national pride around the world is one of the most amazing things we as a nation has seen from the rest of the world in years. As a nation with such a long history of national pride and strong political leadership,we would love to see the rest of the world do the same. We would love to see this committee find a solution that allows all people and nations represent and politically show how they feel. The Democratic People's Republic of Korea would hate to see this committee conform. We see the rise in political involvement and national pride as people of the world wanting change, and we are happy that this day has come. We hope that this is reflected in our committee, and that we reach a conclusion that encompasses the ideas of everyone from everywhere.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: South Korea
Delegate Name: Peter Sage
School: Grand Rapids City High School

Nationalism has played an important role in the formation of many states in existence today and is not necessarily a force of belligerence. When taken to the extreme, however, it becomes a device to alienate and harm people that are not similar to those expressing it. The United States and France were both founded on revolutions started with nationalism. In these cases, the ideology was used to create fraternity, and fight what was seen as an oppressive power. In other cases, however, it has been used as an excuse to oppress those who are unlike its expressers. A recent surge in nationalism and political extremism has brought International attention to the subject. In some places, groups of people wishing for statehood are using nationalism as a reason to harm others, inciting violence.

The Republic of Korea recognizes that putting one’s nation’s domestic interests above those of other nations is part of being a sovereign state, and does not see this form of nationalism as an issue. In some cases, such as that of the Islamic State, nationalism is being expressed to an extreme. Members of the organization do not wish only for their unity as a state, but also to eliminate those who are unlike them. This form of Nationalism is destructive and is seen as a considerable issue by the Republic of Korea.

The Republic of Korea maintains that the recent rise in nationalism and political extremism is a considerable issue, and should be addressed. However, the Republic of Korea also maintains that nationalism is not exclusively an ideology of belligerence, and does not need to be struck down simply for being expressed. The Republic of Korea would support a resolution that protects people from losing their freedoms and safety to political extremism but does not threaten the expression of patriotism and sovereignty of state.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Sweden
Delegate Name: Paul Janes
School: East Grand Rapids High School

Recently the political climate of the world has undergone a complete 180 degree change. Nowadays there is a sense of nationalism in every country, and this has caused a very volatile global community. In addition Sweden has observed how countries have produced an extremely polarized political climate. Sweden has recently observed this in their own country with the rise of a socialist democratic party, which has recently been winning elections. However this is nothing compared to other countries. Most prominently the United States has been an extremely polarized country, and that doesn’t bode well for other western countries. President Donald Trump has divided the United States in way that hasn’t been seen for over a century, however at the same time it has sparked a revitalization of political discussion in the United States. Sweden hopes to figure out a way in the committee to stop the polarization that is going on in the global community. It is something that does nothing except slow the rate of change going on in the world. There needs to be a way for countries to compromise, but recently the spirit of compromise has left major countries. Sweden has been willing and is still willing to sacrifice certain things in order to promote a unified global agenda. Sweden also will not hesitate from taking action on countries that refuse to participate in the global discussion. Currently Sweden only has independent sanctions on Somalia, but will not hesitate to reprimand other countries. Sweden is looking forward to reestablishing the spirit of compromise in the UN, and the global community.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Syria
Delegate Name: Amanda Morello
School: Royal Oak High School

As a country located in a region of extensive political turmoil, the history of extremism and nationalism pertaining to the stability, or lack thereof, in Syria is plentiful. Less than a century ago, Syria regained its independence. Appealing to the ethnic majority, the government structure remained inclusive to ethnic minorities, centralizing control to bridge ethnic and religious differences. A stable government guided by strictly independent policy, building political interests on an solemn search for identity. However, Western ideals of democratic influence in relation to Middle Eastern politics has fueled national tension and ensnared the whole of Syria in a multidimensional civil war.

Historically, Syrians and Arabs have had a desire to be free of foreign influence, while building a nation-state that is unified, stable, and defensive. Met with the tumultuous disturbances of the manipulative West and the far reaching tactics of rebel groups and the Islamic State, Bashar al-Assad is fully aware of the impact of rising nationalism and political extremism. Such extremities constitute the importance of a goal oriented government and conclusive policy, thus, Assad is doing his job to fight and defend his country against such atrocities. Syria acknowledges nationalism as an ideological sentiment defined by one’s extreme patriotic motivation to defend the notion of their belief superiority and that nationalism grows in strength due the conditions of a homogeneous state.

As the Special Political Committee, it is our duty to acknowledge truth that nationalism has been driven to extremes. If this committee is to fully address the issue of rising nationalism and political extremism, a viable resolution must encompass three specific topics. First, the committee must address to what extent does one’s prolonged devotion become extreme? There is a great difference between patriotism, nationalism, and extremism. Syria rightly labels the rebel factions and Islamic State as extreme, arguing their devotion has surpassed the collective belief system of Syria. Secondly, the resolution must not take away the sovereignty of one's nation. Each nation must be allowed to take part in combating extremism independent of unwanted intervention. Lastly, and arguably the most crucial, is addressing Western “transparency” and intervention. Although many see democracy as an essential solution to the stabilization process of the East, Syria rightfully states that such measures have the potential to mask corruptive ideals. Despite those Western ideals for global unification they have neglected their own foundational democratic principles proving the West itself has fallen ill to nationalism.

Syria calls upon Arab nations to combat the growth of Western colonialism, imperialism, and destructive influence on their home land. Syria calls upon all nations to rethink true meaning of democracy and to see the reckless power obtained by those countries today. Syria calls upon the United Nations to establish a basis for countries to combat rising nationalism while exterminating Western presence in the Middle East.

Syria looks forwards to working with all nations through a structured debate.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Thailand
Delegate Name: Claire Michiko Verbrugge
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

Nationalism is the devotion and loyalty to one's nation. One of the benefits of nationalism is that almost everyone considers the state to be legitimate and supports it mostly without question. It does not necessarily manufacture hatred for other nations or a competitive nature, for it requires a primary concern for one’s fellow citizens and the needs of the nation. Nationalism creates a sense of unity and strength within a nation. It has been an important driver for many movements including the Zionist movement. Zionism recreated a Jewish presence in Israel. Following World War II, the National Health Service was created in 1948 and fortified British identity. This establishment created health care paid by all. Similar occurrences are in the United States, which are specifically prevalent during the 1930s. The New Deal and the Great Society stabilized the economy and provided jobs and relief to those who were suffering. This was based on the principle of being proud of their country and working together.

Although a nationalist country will focus on its well-being and needs first, this does not mean that these countries are against working globally to secure unity and prosperity. Thailand’s government has dedicated outreach programs in Southern Thailand to counter radicalism to violence. Working with Muslim leaders, the Thai government worked to promote and improve interfaith dialogues between Muslims and Buddhists. Thailand has provided assistance to foreign powers in preventing or punishing extremist activity. After September 11, 2001, Thailand supported the United States to use Thai territory to interrogate terrorist suspects in the war against terror. Today, Thailand and the United States continue to deepen relationships through a joint military exercise with the appellation Cobra Gold. In July of 2017, the Thai government co-sponsored a conference in Bangkok regarding the most effective ways to counter radicalization to violence. In early 2016, the Thai government announced its intention to forge a new anti-terrorism pact with Australia in response to ISIS’s efforts to claim a foothold in the Asia-Pacific region.

Nationalism can unite states and stimulate togetherness. The Kingdom of Thailand believes that little should be done to restrict the growth of nationalism, for it strengthens trust and promotes pride within a country. Thailand asks this committee to reevaluate the negative connotation Nationalism may have. Nationalism creates political and societal unity within one’s country and has not hurt the world economy. The United Nations does not need to strongly address the issue of rising nationalism and political extremism. Thailand hopes that this issue will end without causing disturbance and conflict between countries. The United Nations does not need to strongly address the issue of rising nationalism and political extremism.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Turkey
Delegate Name: Lexi Mohney
School: Mattawan High School

Turkish nationalism is a political ideology that promotes and glorifies the Turkish people, as either a national, ethnic, or linguistic group. Turkey has given refugee to those trying to flee Syria and welcoming those into the country. Though the idea of nationalism has expanded because Turkey wants to develop into a dominant force. Over the years as war broke out in Syria, Iraq, and Iran, the country began to bind forces together while still giving aid to refugees. However by giving aid to the needy, terrorists groups started to infiltrate the borders of Turkey. Causing massive amount of radicalism. To add to that, the growing amount of terrorist groups still grows at an alarming rate. Many muslims in Turkey feel that the United States is a threat and a powerful one; to be exact, 74% of the population agrees that under the new administration of Donald Trump the United States is a threat. The PKK or Partiya Karkeren Kurdistan, has become the deadliest terrorist group in the nation of Turkey. They were the organization in charge of the car bomb attack in Ankara, killing thirty-seven people and wounding one hundred and twenty. ISIS has consolidated on Turkey's borders, using the nation as recruitment and setting up bases. Along with Al Qaeda and several other small terrorists groups. The PKK started to be like the KURDS from Iraq, but took the more extremist route of killing innocents. Which the KURDS do not condone. To continue, the Turkish government has been under pressure to comply with the KURDISH demands. They would like to seperate from Iraq and turkey and make their own nation. This proposal would take current day southeastern Turkey, western Iran, northern syria, and northern Iraq. The Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan made a trip to eastern Anatolia’s main city of Diyarbakir. He claimed he wanted to solve the growing cultural problems with the KURDS through “more democracy and civil rights.” However the PKK group was not convinced and awaits the day the laws will be carried out; therefore, the violence keeps increasing. The kurdish people continue to beg for rights but through the terror attacks of the PKK and TAK. Turkey needs the economic support and social support from the United States to combat the terrorism attacks. Turkey wants to meet with the President of the United States and set up agreements to help the laws and economics of Turkey. If the United States does not meet with Turkey, it is likely that Turkey will fall into the hands of Russia and democracy will fail. Ultimately, Turkey wants to end the endless terrorist attacks on their nation and needs military and money to achieve stability. With Turkey’s declining economy, we ask the help of larger nations to provide aid to end terrorist groups and radicalism.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Uganda
Delegate Name: Maggie Murphy
School: Forest Hills Northern High School

Nationalism is arguably one of the most powerful forces in the world; it is able to connect millions of people in a sense of unity. However, when a country has such a high sense of nationalism it can cause many problems. Currently, President Donald Trump is nationalist that he refuses to let refugees from Latin American countries and has threaten to cut off all aid to Honduras because of this. Many would say that Britain is to blame for the high amount of nationalistic mindset in Uganda. Britain purposefully withdrew from Uganda before nationalist parties could form, a good thing for them but a bad thing for the African country. With the sudden withdrawal from Uganda, Ugandans were unable to form political parties among their diverse ethnic groups. Uganda recognizes that some sense of nationalism is needed to unite a country, but that it should not come to such a high amount that it could be classified as terrorism. Not many motions have been taken to help reform Uganda's problem, so the country strongly urges that the UN address the problem through education to educate those who have not yet been. Uganda was said to be one of the new upcoming countries at the time of their independence, with a record number of newly educated and the nation wishes to restore the amount of educated people and educate those who know little about nationalism.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Ukraine
Delegate Name: Nathan Daniel La Huis
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

Nationalism is a growing issue and has been for milenia. This is evident today in nations across the arab world, Europe, Russia, the Philippines, the United States, and my own country of Ukraine. Nationalism is the greatest threat to freedom and liberty. Demagogues like President Vladimir Putin, President Donald Trump, President Rodrigo Duterte, and politicians like Nigel Farage, Geert Wilders, and Marine Le Pen are side effects of the rise of this new global ideology. This being said, some nationalism can be positive. In Ukraine, this introduction to nationalism has sparked national pride, patriotism, and a common agreeance on the defense against aggressors to the east. Though, at the same time, Nationalism can lead to hostile governments. Our President recently spoke to the United Nations General Assembly and stated, “Yesterday, and the day before, several families, again, were struck by grief, as their loved ones perished under Russia’s hostile attacks… It tortures our patriots in its prisons. Over 1.5 million people became internally displaced persons.”

The nation of Ukraine believes that nationalism in any part of the world must be faced with condemnation and action from the General Assembly of the United Nations. Nationalism is an issue that Ukraine still faces today when political parties like the Svoboda's believe that our government should be a dictatorship led by the president, totally end immigration to Ukraine, and dreams of a return to the Soviet Union – but our goal is to make nationalist feelings constructive and to harness it in a way that defends us from those that wish to invade our lands and corrupt our politics. Our neighbors to the east maintain strong nationalist sentiments as well. The Kremlin, President Putin, as well as other former soviets believe that they are entitled to our land in Crimea and in fact the entirety of our nation. President Poroshenko said the following on the issue, “Let us not forget what this war is about. Ukraine made a sovereign decision to live its way and promote the Free World based on democratic values and rules. Russia punishes Ukraine for this decision. It kills. It ruins homes. It lies on industrial scale. It pretends that Ukraine, as well as Georgia attacked themselves.” Russia and similar nations need to respect borders and surrounding nations. This can only occur when nationalism and the simple belief of superiority is eliminated on a political and social level.

Ukraine moves that the United Nations supports economic sanctions on nations that maintain nationalist leaders and policies from all other members of this assembly. The sanctioned nations include but are not limited to: Russia, the Philippines, Iran, North Korea, Turkey, Syria, China, the United States, and Hungary for their invasions and intrusions of neighboring nations, anti-immigrant stances, oppressing their own citizens, and/or having nationalist leaders; all of which are in direct violation of International Law (Article 12(4) from the ICCPR and/or the UN Charter which prohibits invasion of any other nation without consent of the United Nations). If members of this assembly do not abide by international law, then the foundations of this institution we created seventy three years ago are meaningless and the world becomes a more dangerous place.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: United Arab Emirates
Delegate Name: Anthony Moncman
School: Saginaw Arts and Sciences Academy

Nationalism has persisted in the world for as long as civilization. In years building to the Second World War, nationalism was preeminent in nearly all countries, as they all felt their own sense of uniqueness. Since then, nationalism has been on an overall decline, however, in recent years, nationalism has begun to be fueled in many major countries. America’s president Donald Trump has aided in a new rise of American nationalism in recent years, with a significant increase in the country. Despite the past 75 years of cooperation and interconnectedness between western countries, many of them have had a sudden increase in nationalism. There has been a sharp rise in extremist groups in recent years in many countries as well. Increasing levels of extremism in the Arab world has become alarmingly dangerous, especially in countries such as Iran, where it has been being supported far more in recent years than in times past. The UAE has been more active than ever in the delicate process of deescalating extremism in the region around them. The UAE has responded to the acts of Iran as a unit in the Coalition to Support Legitimacy in Yemen. In order to combat extremism in the UAE; Islamic authorities have begun to educate prisoners on Islamic ethics and moral codes. The UAE’s nationalism extends to the point to where foreigners must contribute to the economy to be permitted to stay in the country without being deported. Immigrants that contribute to the economy, however, are unable to become full citizens. The ruler of the nation always acts in the best interest of the nation, and on the full extent of the nation’s ideologies. The UAE has developed an Islamic framework, and focuses on progression rather than nationalism, yet at the same time retains pride in the country and beliefs. This committee is required to, and should be held responsible for, meeting the requirements for each country, not just a broad resolution for the world, as every nation has its own needs to combat this plague. The situation in Iran and other Islamic states must be kept under tight control in order to help fight extremism in this region. In order to solve this conflict, large nations must also aid each other rather than to feel the need to be superior to one another. This can only be achieved through better economy, infrastructure, and other factors that contribute to the rise in nationalism. One component that must be factored in is the recruitment of the youth to both extreme and nationalist groups. This is a large issue in several Islamic states, as youth are being herded into these groups as for a sense of belonging and pride. All of these components should be discussed in order to combat this issue and only after that has been done can the Special Political committee discuss long-term solutions.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: United Kingdom
Delegate Name: Hudson Yu
School: Williamston High School

Today, the British, and to a greater extent, European identity reflects a continent shaken by immigration, terrorism and conflicting motivations. As a result, the trend of attempts to reconcile the disparity between globalism and self-preservation has gained significant traction in nations such as the UK, Switzerland, France and Poland. In the United Kingdom, this culminated with its decision to leave the European Union, which was decried as reckless, economically feasible, and dangerously nationalistic.

Unfortunately, these critics are drunk with the romantic notion of a unified Europe while ignorant of the long hangover that the UK has experienced since the glory days of the EU. One clear example of this is the oppressive EU imposed value added taxes that British citizens are forced to pay. Since 1997, Britain has been bullied into paying a 5% VAT on domestic gas and electricity to the disdain of energy poverty campaigners. Even more shocking is the unjust VAT on tampons, which has unfairly targeted british women for decades. Another incidence of the EU overstepping its boundaries come in its crippling banking regulations. British bankers have enthusiastically supported a level playing field for both established and challenger banks with support from the British government, but the EU has vehemently blocked this, and British banks have remained uncompetitive in the global economy. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, comes the opposition towards EU mandated migration due to the Syrian refugee crisis, causing immense division and political polarization among British citizens and threatening British security.

The United Kingdom has long been a leader in the European Union, with many of its most important laws and regulations bearing the British footprint. Because of its crucial role in the EU, resistance toward Brexit is certainly understandable, but there is a time when a line in the sand must be drawn. If holding the prosperity of its citizens over unjust law and conflicts that Britain has no stake in is “dangerously nationalistic”, then the United Kingdom embraces this title. Today Britain is at the cusp of a new era of economic and social prosperity, and believe that it is out of line for the UN to attempt to stunt this from a position of ignorance toward the plight of nations such as the UK. While committee is in session, the United Kingdom hopes to find allies in nations that are disillusioned with the European Union, and other nations who have seen recent rises in national pride.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: United States
Delegate Name: Ethan Bonnell
School: Forest Hills Northern High School

Nationalism as an ideology has generally been misunderstood throughout history. But fundamentally the concept is always the same; an ideology characterized by the eternal desires of national identity, self-governance, and self-determination. These desires led to the formation of the modern democracies of the United States, France, Germany, and countless other states, and were associated with many decolonization movements in the mid-20th century. And these ideas are fundamentally good and are indeed protected as rights of states in the UN Charter. But all too often in the present day these ideas are also associated with modern political extremism, from radical Islamic groups to white nationalist movements. While modern political extremism is a serious problem, it is important to clarify that this isn’t to be connected with the modern nationalist movements.

The United States, it can be said, has experienced a rise in nationalism in recent years. But this wasn’t from the result of a hostile takeover and doesn’t align with any hatred against any people, as is most often associated with hateful nationalist extremist groups. This nationalism stems not from hatred, but a recognition that the global position of the United States has been taken advantage of by free riding countries in both trade and security in the last few decades and this is not acceptable to the people of the United States. Indeed, many nationalist parties in powerful states have gained power because the people of those states have recognized that they have been forced by international organizations to make decisions and abide by rules that are not within the interest of that state. Political extremism is unfortunately also on the rise in the United States, as groups on both sides resort to more violent means of protest to push for the political causes they support. However, this is not a result of nationalism but of growing division, which cannot be characterized in the same way.

As the UN looks at the topic of modern political extremism it is important that it recalls that the rights of states, those fundamental rights of sovereignty, freedom of speech, the right to unhindered political participation and the right to self determination, are not to be infringed in any way by any resolutions or suggestions that this committee is to make. Furthermore, except for in the most extreme cases, it is not the place of the United Nations to interfere in any country without the express permission of that country. Instead, any resolution must be focused on spreading values of cultural tolerance and peace that often runs counter to the ideas spread by political extremists. The United States reaffirms the most recent United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy Review and recommends that this document be a starting point for any resolutions to be considered by the committee.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Uruguay
Delegate Name: Spencer Peters
School: Troy High School

The influence of far-right politics into the political landscape of many nations around the world has increased drastically. Certain countries in Europe now have over 25% supporting a far right party, such as Switzerland and Austria. The growth of certain parties is also growing rapidly, in the recent Swedish election the Swedish Democrats party, which ecompasses anti-muslim and anti-immagration views has seen a 6% increase in party popularity. Many right-wing parties are expressing an offer to form coalitions to increase their popularity in votes. Italian elections have showed this exact effect. The far more radical Northern League has entered into a coalition with the populist Five Star Movement. Easily giving right-wing parties a majority in the government. The rise in nationalism is not limited to Europe, other countries, such as Brazil, are also experiencing a major shift in politics with the recent election of Jair Bolsonaro.

The Oriental Republic of Uruguay is a country that prides itself on the freedoms and liberties of all peoples. As a country that democratically elected a leader that instanted a dictatorship, and suspended our constitution, we now realize the importance of protecting civilians rights. We have scored an aggregate score of 98/100 on civil liberties and electoral process, this test was designed to test how free a country is considered, and was administered by the Freedom House. The current administration in Uruguay under the Broad Front party frowns greatly upon the current increase of nationalism in other countries. Uruguay has always prided itself in being considered a true democracy. The Republic of Uruguay is a very liberal society that believes that the voice of the people should be heard, as long as it does not infringe on the rights of others. The current political views of the party in office show that nationalism is not a problem or even noticeably present in the political landscape.

The Oriental Republic of Uruguay recognizes that the rise in nationalism and political extremism is a problem. Uruguay does not condone the increase of nationalist or extremist sentiment around the world. We are strongly against any party that wishes to limit the liberties of the people in it. Due to this we recommend the United Nations does not allow certain parties from becoming ruling parties, citing reasons of protecting people's liberties. We know that a liberal society that protects the people's rights to certain commodities and services, such as marijuana or abortions, is important. The need to stop any party that limits people's freedoms cannot be understated.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Venezuela
Delegate Name: Tananya Prankprakma
School: Forest Hills Central High School

In the recent past, there has been a global revival of nationalism and with it, political extremism. This revival can be seen in nations in Europe like Poland and Turkey, but it can also be seen worldwide in nations such as the United States and Philippines. Nationalistic ideologies can have extensive negative effects, an example being World War I. In Venezuela, a past struggle has been resource nationalism, which only caused some instability in the oil industry. Other than that however, Venezuela doesn’t have nationalist movements and is deeply concerned by highly nationalistic and extreme governments around the world that don’t take into consideration other countries’ well-beings.

Having a nationalistic or extreme government is a problem that is very difficult to deal with not just internationally, but domestically. People with differing ideologies are not heard and the in some cases government controls all. In Venezuela, the problem comes from a small minority of the population. There are extreme and violent protests that will often end up in death. In 2017 alone, 165 people died in protests. The government didn’t want to have to do so, but since then protests have been banned for the safety of the people. While this is a big problem, it should be dealt with domestically and Venezuela still believes solutions should be focused on international effects of nationalism and political extremism. Many problems faced today, like climate change and nuclear proliferation and disarmament, are things that nations cannot go into alone. These problems will only be solved if there is international cooperation.

Venezuela is concerned by the growing trend of imposing sanctions instead of approaching problems in a just and collective way. Speaking for the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), Venezuela discourages the use of force and sanctions at the risk of innocent civilians. Venezuela would like to see resolutions that encourage multilateralism and urge the increased use of the International Court of Justice. History has been made already; there is no need to do it again. We as a global community must take a look at our past and learn from our mistakes.

Topic: Rising Nationalism and Political Extremism
Country: Vietnam
Delegate Name: Aurora Barkman
School: Royal Oak High School

Vietnam fully believes in the principle of loyalty to one’s own nation. Nationalism, on a certain level, should be a requirement of the citizen. One of the pillars of our government is the loyalty that is shown by our nation’s people. Of course, nationalist movements driven by rage result in mass hysteria and tragedy. We can only assume from the evidence given that nationalism has increased so much in recent years because of the growth of diversity in progressive nations. Tensions have risen between cultural groups as cultural diffusion has encouraged the discourse surrounding race and identity to grow.

In our country, we exist as a culmination of cultures and groups that are all representative of our great nation of Vietnam. Vietnamese culture is present in every aspect of our society. We are especially united by our proud military. We are proud to produce and consume only Vietnamese goods.

In order to combat the violence and instability caused by extreme nationalism, world leaders must be clear in exactly what they expect of their populace. World governments must promote peace alongside a clear loyalty to their country. This has been an effective strategy for Vietnam.