The Situation in Myanmar

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Colombia
Delegate Name: Eden Lynch

The Republic of Colombia is a country in northwestern South America with a majority mestizo population. Despite the geographical distance to Myanmar, Colombia is deeply affected by the situation due to related transnational organized crime. The similar economies of the countries drive their intense transnational crime, which is especially high in Myanmar due to the current political instability.
Colombia believes that the situation in Myanmar should be addressed immediately. As the country undergoes instability, crime surges, and humanitarianism plummets. Columbia was a member of the recently ceased LEAP4Peace, an organization in Colombia, Burundi, and Myanmar that focused on helping strengthen the political role of female voices. Now, Colombia aims to further the work of LEAP4Peace through other humanitarian resources. Further, Colombia condemns the human rights abuses perpetrated by the Myanmar junta and offers assistance to the people in Myanmar who seek the restoration of peace. Colombia supports international efforts to uphold the rule of law and human rights, as well as adhering to sanctions that aim to limit the junta’s military and financial resources, while recognizing the possible effect that this may have on cooperation within the situation.
Colombia calls for the Security Council and Member States to assist Myanmar in resolving its crisis and working towards an independent democracy. Colombia proposes collaboration with ASEAN nations to consciously address refugee conditions and collaboratively work towards transparency. Colombia believes that the most effective way to address the situation in Myanmar is for Member States to work together as they set the path for long-term peacebuilding and development.

Sources
Colombia Crisis Response Plan 2025 | Global Crisis Response Platform, crisisresponse.iom.int/response/colombia-crisis-response-plan-2025. Accessed 25 Nov. 2025.
“Myanmar.” Human Rights Watch, 16 Jan. 2025, www.hrw.org/world-report/2025/country-chapters/myanmar.
Ramharakh, Anita. “LEAP4Peace Consortium Wraps up in Bogotá.” NIMD, 4 Sept. 2025, nimd.org/leap4peace-consortium-wraps-up-in-bogota/.
STUART APPELBAUM President, Retail. “Workers under Attack in Colombia and Myanmar Crises.” New York Amsterdam News, 22 Oct. 2021, amsterdamnews.com/news/2021/05/20/workers-under-attack-colombia-and-myanmar-crises/.
The International Institute for Strategic Studies. “Dashboard – IISS Myanmar Conflict Map.” IISS Myanmar Conflict Map, myanmar.iiss.org/dashboard.
William Paul McGreevey and Robert Louis Gilmore. “Colombia | History, Culture, & Facts.” Encyclopædia Britannica, 30 Apr. 2019, www.britannica.com/place/Colombia.

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Brazil
Delegate Name: Remy Ruehle

Special Political and Decolonisation Committee
The Situation in Myanmar
Federative Republic of Brazil
Remy Ruehle

The Myanmar Civil War is a conflict that has been ongoing since 2021, when there was a military coup that declared the elections invalid. The elected government and its allies have declared their intention to form a democratic federal state, and both sides have garnered varying amounts of support from foreign governments seeking to invest in their interests in the region. The conflict has its origins in the mid-1900s, when Myanmar, then known as Burma, gained independence from the British Empire. In the years that followed, ethnic tensions and military rule led to growing discontent with the lack of democratic institutions and proper regional autonomy. Coming into the 1990s, a new government with electoral aspects was implemented, and a political struggle for influence country began between the military and the elected government. This escalated in 2021 when the military declared the results of the election fraudulent and directed a coup against the government, starting the current civil war. This war has further expanded with multiple alliances between factions forming and foreign states giving support to certain factions to protect their interests in the region.
Brazil has had limited involvement in the Myanmar Civil War, but has made its position clear, expressing deep concern about the conflict. We have avoided properly taking sides within the conflict and have rather taken stances that humanitarian support and upholding of human rights should exist during the conflict.
Brazil would support efforts to restore stability and reestablish normalcy in the region with the least negative impact on the people of Myanmar, such as through UN-led peace negotiations or by providing locals with access to essential provisions during the conflict. It is important to keep the situation as peaceful as possible and avoid direct foreign involvement, which may prolong the war for their interests. The following of international law is essential for the protection of the rights of civilians, mitigating the hardships of the war, and swiftly de-escalating the conflict.

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Bolivia
Delegate Name: Taylor Winkelman

Special Political and Decolonization Committee
Situation in Myanmar
Plurinational State of Bolivia
Taylor Winkelman
City High Middle School

In 1948, Myanmar gained independence from British rule, transitioning into a reality that required unity among its ethnically diverse regions. Unfortunately, due to those cultural differences, Myanmar has yet to establish a stable government since then. Starting in 1962, Myanmar’s military junta has been in control. Almost 30 years later, Myanmar hosts its first election since the coup with a win by Aung San Suu Kyi, leader of the National League for Democracy (NLD), which was blocked by the junta. Her party continued its participation in elections, winning in 2015, but her party lost international approval after supporting teh ethnic cleansing of the muslim Rohingya people. From 2016 to 2017, conflict between the Buddhist Bamar group, the majority religion of Myanmar, and the Muslim peoples grew, in which the junta responded by violently intimidating the Rohingya people, classified by the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) as a “calculated policy of terror.”

Later, another election was won by the NLD, but the junta declared it was fraudulent, carrying out a coup in February 2021. Protesters advanced into the capital, but were met with the junta’s lethal force, strict social limits, and violent rampages towards resistance groups. Their violence inspired resistance groups across the country, each defined by its ethnicity. Myanmar’s unrest has led to the collapse of the central government. It is plagued by armed battles, mass displacements of people, human rights violations, and towns ruins for the citizens of Myanmar.

Though Bolivia has no official relationship with Myanmar, it strongly urges a swift agreement to peace throughout Myanmar and the region. Bolivia has been committed to preventing genocides, being a state party of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Genocide Convention), which obligates it to enforce the prohibition of genocide. Bolivia emphasizes the importance of pursuing peace in Myanmar and ensuring its long-term stability.

Bolivia encourages a solution that addresses the short-term and long-term challenges for peace in Myanmar. Bolivia supports a ceasefire deal that will halt the bloodshed and the distribution of humanitarian aid as short-term solutions and it seeks long-term solutions to ensure the longevity of peace within Myanmar.

Sources:
https://www.americasquarterly.org/article/bolivias-foreign-policy-reset/
https://www.usip.org/publications/2024/08/myanmars-resistance-making-major-advances
https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/rohingya-crisis-myanmar
https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/myanmar/overview

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: China
Delegate Name: Abby Huffman

Special Political and Decolonization Committee
Situation in Myanmar
People’s Republic of China
Abby Huffman
Forest Hills Eastern High School

The situation in Myanmar is the culmination of decades of tension between military rule, pro-democracy movements, and unresolved ethnic conflicts dating back to the 1962 coup. The February 2021 coup enhanced the democratic-battle and a nationwide civil war. Since the October 2023 “Operation 1027” offensive launched by the Three Brotherhood Alliance, the junta has rapidly lost territory and now maintains effective control only one-fifth of the country. The March 2025 earthquake further deepened the humanitarian emergency as the junta obstructed aid during a declared ceasefire. UN agencies warn that blocked humanitarian access and surging foreign interference risk destabilizing the entire region. This committee must address these dynamics to prevent Myanmar’s crisis from devolving into a long-term proxy conflict.

China’s geographical proximity and deep economic ties mean that the nation is one of the few actors with real leverage over multiple sides in the conflict. China was displeased with the February 2021 coup in Myanmar, which ended a period of warming relations under the Aung San Suu Kyi administration and hurt Beijing’s strategic and economic plans. It has since expanded high-level engagement with the military regime on issues of concern. Nonetheless, China has refrained from normalizing relations or recognizing regime leader Min Aung Hlaing as head of state. China also has taken action in response to the proliferation of online scam centres targeting Chinese citizens. In late 2023 it supported a rebel offensive in the north-eastern Kokang area that routed the Myanmar military in the borderlands, a major setback for the junta. China maintains active channels with the State Administration Council (SAC), the National Unity Government (NUG), and key Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs) such as the United Wa State Army (UWSA). Early in the conflict, China tolerated or indirectly supported EAO offensives that helped shut down transnational cyber-scam centers that threatened Chinese citizens. After unexpected rebel gains jeopardized critical Chinese infrastructure, China shifted toward stabilizing the junta to protect the security of its investments. While China rejects Western sanctions and ICC attempts to prosecute junta leaders, it stresses that Myanmar’s internal political outcome must be determined through an inclusive national dialogue, not foreign intervention from uninvolved parties.

The People’s Republic of China proposes that the Special Political and Decolonization Committee to support a resolution that prioritizes an inclusive ceasefire and a Myanmar-led political dialogue. In the event of a political transition, provisions for ethnic minority rights must be included in a federal settlement, drawing on existing models like the autonomy granted to the Wa State, to ensure both minority protection and national integrity. Second, to avert a proxy conflict, a resolution must include a clear call for all uninvolved foreign actors to cease the provision of military support to any faction. China is prepared to use its unique diplomatic channels with all parties to facilitate such dialogue and to contribute to reconstruction. In conclusion, China urges the committee to adopt a unified approach tha, prioritizes the humanitarian needs of the people, and supports a sustainable, sovereign political solution for a peaceful and stable Myanmar and its neighbors.

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Japan
Delegate Name: Homayon Khalili

Special Political and Decolonization Committee (SPECPOL)
Situation in Myanmar
Japan
Homayon Khalili

Myanmar has been in a civil war since a coup in February 2021, which the Tatmadaw carried out. The military junta is presently fighting multiple ethnic and anti-junta resistance groups, utilizing airstrikes, “scorched-earth” tactics, and crackdowns, which have dominated human life. Upwards of 80,000 people are predicted to have died so far in this civil war. 17.6 million people currently require humanitarian assistance, 1.6 million are currently displaced, and over 55,000 buildings have been destroyed. Tens of thousands have fled to neighboring countries, as the Tatmadaw now controls over 40% of the nation. Low morale and desertions currently plague the forces, resulting in manpower shortages. The SAC has utilized horrible tactics, including burnings, beheadings, mutilations, war rape, torching villages, and extensive aerial bombing campaigns that displaced over 3 million people.
Japan has publicly urged a stoppage in violence, to release detainees, most notably Aung San Suu Kyi, and a restoration of democratic governance while offering humanitarian assistance. While Japan has not imposed as heavy sanctions on the nation as other Western allies, it still holds the offenders accountable. Japan is in favor of placing economic sanctions, taking in refugees, and donating humanitarian assistance as needed. Japan supports and backs the frameworks presented by ASEAN, including the “Five-Point Consensus.”
Japan has currently provided over $109.5 million in humanitarian assistance to Myanmar via NGOs since 2021. In March of 2024, Japan announced an additional $37 million in humanitarian aid to support medical services, nutrition to pregnant women and infants, water and sanitation, education, food and medical distribution, and drug treatment and rehab. Japan has supported UNICEF, UNHCR, WFP, and more. Japan recommends a complete stoppage to all fighting and a continuous flow of any and all aid needed to help the innocent and indoctrinated.

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Australia
Delegate Name: Monica Delgertsogt

The ongoing crisis in Myanmar has caused widespread violence, human rights abuses, and a severe humanitarian emergency. Australia is very concerned about what is happening and wants the attack on civilians and the targeting of ethnic and religious minorities to stop. Australia believes that the restoration of democracy, the protection of human rights, and the inclusion of ethnic minorities in decision making are essential for long term peace and stability in Myanmar.
As a country committed to democratic values and human rights, Australia supports international efforts to address the crisis while minimizing foreign interference that could make the conflict worse. Australia emphasizes the importance of upholding international law, providing humanitarian assistance and working through the United Nations to coordinate relief efforts.
Australia wants to talk and work things out peacefully with the military, the NUG, and ethnic minority groups, ensuring that they get their rights and some control over their own communities. Additionally, Australia is prepared to support humanitarian operations by providing financial aid, resources, and logistical assistance to help ensure that food, medical care and shelter reach at-risk populations. Particularly those affected by the natural disasters such as the recent earthquake.
Australia also recognizes the risk of Myanmar becoming a proxy battlefield for foreign powers and stresses the need for international cooperation to prevent further escalation. Australia wants to make sure the situation is open and fair and that the people in power are held responsible for what they do. Such as having international groups watch what is happening, punishing military leaders who break human right rules, and stopping other countries from getting involved in ways that put civilians in danger just to protect their own interests. Through these measures, Australia seeks to promote a peaceful, inclusive and democratic resolution to the conflict while protecting vulnerable communities and reducing the risk of renewed violence.

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Democratic Republic of the Congo
Delegate Name: Krishna Mano

United Nations Special Political Committee
The Situation in Myanmar
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Krishna Mano
City High Middle School

Our world in the status quo is riddled with violent conflicts and high tensions that contribute to a larger problem of global instability. A key example of these tensions lies in Myanmar, with the ongoing civil war between the military junta and various Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs) since the coup of 2021 that has left over 82,000 people dead and another 3 million internally displaced. As a nation that has previously experienced similar threats to democratic processes throughout our history, the Democratic Republic of the Congo recognizes the need to support the National Unity Government’s re-ascension to power with legitimate, democratic control over the people of Myanmar. We further emphasize the protection of minority ethnic groups such as the Rohingya people that have historically been persecuted and had their human rights violated by the violent Tatmadaw regime. For both a short-term end to the conflict and long-term stability in the region, the DRC urges member nations to provide humanitarian aid for the innocent civilians affected by this conflict and advocate for democratic governance as opposed to the current unjust authoritarianism.

As an active member of the international legal community, the DRC has taken steps towards denouncing the actions of the junta government and reinstating Aung San Suu Kyi’s leadership of the National Unity Government and Myanmar’s populace. Most recently, in December 2024, our nation filed a declaration of intervention in The Gambia v. Myanmar, a case at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) concerning the Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. In our intervention, the DRC, along with 10 other nations, shared our official opposition to the Tatamdaw’s inhumane behavior regarding minority groups and recognized the situation between the junta government and the Rohingya people as a genocide. This widescale international support for the people of Myanmar against the oppressive government that causes many of their woes is vital to enforce long-term democratic and economic stability in the region.

However, while this ICJ case and the many interventions filed by our international partners are still being deliberated, it is paramount that we start taking action immediately through economic and diplomatic blockades against the current illegitimate regime to bolster the validity of the National Unity Government’s political system. The DRC finds it necessary to express support for Aung San Suu Kyi’s resistance movement while taking into account the demands of the EAOs who fight for their individual liberties against today’s tyrannical military government. Furthermore, as a nation that has experienced threats to democracy in the past, the DRC recognizes the importance of ensuring these actions do not infringe upon the sovereignty of any party or righteous actor in Myanmar during their rebuilding process to limit foreign intervention driven by another nation’s self-serving intent. Hence, the DRC urges a prompt international agreement on economic and diplomatic blockades on the Tatmadaw as a whole and the individual members involved, a long-term framework to reintroduce a democratic system of governance, and preventative measures to inhibit any foreign incursions of regional sovereignty. Ultimately, we are in support of swift international cooperation to improve the quality of life for the ethnic minorities who are consistently oppressed and to resolve the situation in Myanmar once and for all.

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Ukraine
Delegate Name: Ishaan Mahesh

Committee: SPECPOL
Topic: The Situation in Myanmar
Country: Ukraine
Delegate: Ishaan Mahesh
The crisis in Myanmar began in February 2021 when the military overthrew the democratically elected government, reversing years of political progress, However, the roots date back to the 20th century, where they had a primarily militaristic country, since then, it only got worse, eventually leading to the coup. The coup immediately resulted in mass protests, widespread violence, and significant instability. Since then, the country has faced severe human rights violations, large-scale displacement, and extensive restrictions on fundamental freedoms. This ongoing conflict has created a humanitarian emergency that affects not only Myanmar but also the broader Southeast Asian region.
The United Nations has been engaged since the early stages of the crisis. The Security Council, General Assembly, and Human Rights Council have repeatedly addressed the situation, calling for a return to civilian rule and accountability for the military’s actions.
Outside the UN system, ASEAN has attempted mediation through its Five-Point Consensus, albeit with limited implementation. UNHCR continues to support refugees and internally displaced persons, while numerous democratic states have imposed targeted sanctions against the military leadership and associated entities.
Ukraine has condemned the 2021 coup in prior UN discussions and continues to support robust measures aimed at holding the military junta accountable for human rights abuses. Ukraine aligns itself with the European Union, the United Nations, and other international partners in pursuing coordinated sanctions, advancing humanitarian efforts, and ensuring the protection of civil society actors in Myanmar.
Ukraine supports the following actions, Sustained International Pressure, which will maintain and strengthen targeted sanctions to limit the junta’s financial and military capabilities. Enhanced UN–ASEAN cooperation which should promote closer coordination to improve humanitarian access and enable meaningful political dialogue. Humanitarian assistance, which will increase support for UN agencies delivering aid to displaced populations, particularly along Myanmar’s borders.
Ukraine believes that defending democracy and human rights is essential for global peace and stability. The international community must stand united against authoritarianism in all its forms. For these reasons, Ukraine reaffirms its commitment to a principled and coordinated international response to the crisis in Myanmar.

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Greece
Delegate Name: Asher Ndenga

Committee: Special Political and Decolonization Committee (SPECPOL)
Topic: The Situation in Myanmar
Country: Greece
School: Mattawan High School
Delegate Name: Asher Ndenga

The Greek delegation considers the situation in Myanmar to be of utmost importance. The military coup of 1962 marked the beginning of the conflict between the military junta of Myanmar and certain Ethnic Armed Organizations (EOAs). This coup diminished hope for a Myanmar where ethnic minorities could have autonomy. In August of 1988 during the 8888 protests, Aung San Suu Kyi and her Nation League for Democracy (NLD) became leading figures in the pro-democracy movement. Aung San Suu Kyi and her NLD provided open party elections, which led to a landslide victory for the NLD in 1990. The military junta denied the election results, arrested, and imprisoned elected officials, restricting their political activities. In 2008, the military-led government approved a new constitution in which there would be a civilian-led government, but ultimate power would be reserved for the military. Consequently, Aung San Suu Kyi and the NLD won a major electoral victory in 2015 in which the NLD now had control of the parliament. The next election in 2020 added to the majority of the NLD, in which the military-backed party lost four seats in both legislatures, which resulted in accusations of fraud and the subsequent coup. Some members of NLD formed the National Unity Government (NUG) after their organization was expelled by the military. After they had enough time to reorganize, the NUG and NLD declared war on the junta, which has led to a devastating civil war. This war also has caused an escalation in an already deteriorating human crisis. Since the civil war began, the NLD was forcibly removed by the military junta and Aung San Suu Kyi was arrested and charged with corruption, sedition, violations of coronavirus restrictions, and illegal importation of walkie-talkies.
The United Nation has done its part in ensuring the safety of the people in Myanmar. The UN offered humanitarian aid to Myanmar after its earthquake by providing clean water, emergency shelters, healthcare, and protection to thousands of people displaced by the disaster. Agencies like the UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC) work diligently to assist refugees and internally displaced citizens by expanding access to basic services and supporting self-reliance. The UNHCR has also ordered the Independent Investigative Mechanism for Myanmar (IIMM) to gather evidence of human rights abuses and the UN has called for the protection of citizens and has viewed the obstruction of humanitarian aid as a violation of human rights. On December 21, 2022, the United Nations passed resolution 2669. This resolution called for an end to the violence, expressed deep concerns over the state of emergency, demanded for the release of all arbitrarily detained persons, and urged for full humanitarian access.
Greece has historically been an advocate for democratic principles and condemns the atrocities of the military junta in Myanmar. Greece was controlled by a military junta for almost nearly decade in the late 1960s to the mid 1970s, so there is an understanding of this situation. Greece has engaged with the UNHRC to discuss the situation in Myanmar and has expressed full support for the work of the UN Special Envoys there. As a member of the European Union (EU), the nation of Greece has numerous sanctions placed on the government of Myanmar. These sanctions include arms embargoes, asset freezes, travel bans, and restrictions on dual-use goods.
The delegation of Greece urges the UN to hold the government of Myanmar accountable for their wrongdoings while offering continual aid to the vulnerable ethnic minorities residing in the nation. With the support of international justice systems, such as the International Criminal Court (ICC), are able to hold perpetrators accountable for their crimes. A wave of support and humanitarian aid for the marginalized communities of Myanmar would keep civilians safe and empower the EOAs to fight for democracy. The situation in Myanmar should be taken care of with the utmost thoughtfulness and strategy.

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Bahrain
Delegate Name: Violet Pintus

The Situation in Myanmar
The international community’s response to the ongoing crisis in Myanmar—marked by military coups, human rights abuses, and political instability—has been varied and influenced by geopolitical, economic, and security considerations. As a member of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), Bahrain occupies a unique position within the global order, balancing its domestic priorities with its engagement in broader international affairs. While Bahrain does not directly border Myanmar nor maintain deep bilateral relations, its stance on the situation is shaped by its regional interests, security paradigms, and economic considerations, as reflected in its broader approach to foreign policy and international crises. This essay examines Bahrain’s position on the situation in Myanmar, contextualizing it within the GCC’s security dynamics, economic interests, and the country’s alignment with international norms. Drawing on insights from recent research on GCC security and economic structures, this analysis situates Bahrain’s response within a framework that prioritizes regional stability, economic diversification, and cautious diplomatic engagement. Bahrain’s foreign policy is heavily influenced by its position within the GCC, a bloc characterized by complex security challenges, economic interdependence, and shared geopolitical interests. The GCC region, including Bahrain, is of critical strategic importance due to its vast energy reserves and location along major maritime routes. As a result, Bahrain’s external engagement is often driven by collective regional priorities, particularly in matters of security and stability. Recent studies highlight how the GCC states, including Bahrain, have faced both traditional and nontraditional security threats, ranging from interstate conflicts to cyber-attacks and environmental concerns. These multi-faceted threats require a comprehensive approach to security—one that integrates military preparedness, diplomatic engagement, and economic resilience. Bahrain’s own internal security concerns, such as sectarian divisions and the need for social stability, further shape its cautious approach to international crises, including the situation in Myanmar. While Bahrain has not been at the forefront of international condemnation or intervention in Myanmar, its position can be understood as part of a broader GCC tendency to prioritize regional security and internal stability over direct involvement in distant political crises. This is consistent with the GCC’s need to maintain a delicate balance between advocating for international norms and safeguarding regional interests. Bahrain’s economic structure is intricately tied to oil revenues and regional trade. However, like other GCC states, Bahrain has recognized the vulnerabilities associated with over-dependence on hydrocarbon exports and has sought to diversify its economy. This ongoing transition has implications for the kingdom’s foreign policy, including its engagement with international issues such as the Myanmar crisis. Research into GCC stock markets and their sensitivity to global shocks, such as oil price fluctuations, reveals that Bahrain’s market is relatively insulated from direct external shocks, including those originating from political crises in regions like Southeast Asia. Unlike Qatar, Oman, and the UAE, where stock markets react positively to oil price increases and are more exposed to global economic linkages, Bahrain’s economic and financial systems are less directly affected by such external events. This relative insulation may contribute to a more measured and less interventionist stance regarding conflicts outside the immediate Middle Eastern context. Furthermore, Bahrain’s pursuit of economic diversification has emphasized the importance of maintaining stable international relations and avoiding entanglement in distant conflicts that could jeopardize trade or investment flows. The kingdom’s focus on economic resilience, social stability, and sustainable development aligns with a foreign policy that is cautious, pragmatic, and largely driven by domestic priorities. Bahrain’s position on the situation in Myanmar is also shaped by its approach to human rights and international diplomacy. While Bahrain has expressed general support for international efforts to promote peace, stability, and human rights, its official statements on Myanmar have tended to be measured and aligned with broader GCC and Arab League positions. This reflects a wider pattern in which Bahrain, like many of its regional peers, prefers to support collective diplomatic initiatives rather than taking unilateral action or issuing strong condemnations. The GCC as a bloc has historically emphasized the importance of state sovereignty, non-interference, and dialogue in resolving internal conflicts of member and non-member states alike. Bahrain’s alignment with these principles is evident in its cautious responses to international crises, including in Myanmar, where it has generally refrained from direct intervention or public criticism of the military regime. Instead, Bahrain has favored multilateral engagement through international organizations such as the United Nations, supporting calls for dialogue, humanitarian assistance, and adherence to international law.

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Chile
Delegate Name: Jack Cook

The fight for control in Myanmar today is a war that is displacing millions of citizens and resulting in the deaths of thousands. This attempted coup by the junta is a clear attempt for the military forces of Myanmar to establish an authoritarian regime in the country is one that can not continue. The delegation of Chile strongly advocates for the surrender of the junta and immediate distribution of humanitarian aid to the citizens in Myanmar that have been affected by this conflict.

According to the Myanmar Humanitarian Update No. 44, internal displacement estimates have reached a record high of more than 3.5 million citizens and Over 15 million people face acute food insecurity. Also, while education and health services are severely disrupted, millions of people are without safe shelter or drinking water. Myanmar also currently has the highest number of landmine and explosive ordnance casualties globally with 1052 confirmed fatality’s and over 20% of those being children. Due to the financial difficulties of Myanmar during this period of conflict Myanmar´s mine action response is severely underfunded, covering only 38 per cent of the required amount in 2024. This significant gap hinders the ability of local and international organizations to effectively respond to the crisis which continues to take more lives every day. while currently the 2025 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan hopes to affect 5.5 million affected civilians, only 4.2% of the 1.1 billion required U.S dollars have been acquired.

The Republic of Chile has expressed its support for a peaceful end to the current conflict in Myanmar. The Chilean branch of amnesty international has requested an arms embargo on Myanmar and formally condemned the unlawful murder of 769 protestors by the junta military. The Republic of Chile’s foreign policy is grounded in the defense of democracy, and human rights. Chile has publicly expressed deep concern regarding the deterioration of democratic systems in Myanmar and has released a statement supporting the Secretary-General’s efforts to restore order in Myanmar through inclusive dialogue. As Chile has been through a period of military rule itself, the delegation of Chile has an extensive understanding of the struggle in Myanmar which furthers Chile’s commitment to supporting the upholding of human-rights in Myanmar.

The delegation of Chile strongly believes that a resolution aimed at delivering humanitarian aid to the citizens of Myanmar in conflict zones while also reducing imports of armaments and warfare materials is the best course of action for the United Nations Special Political and Decolonization Committee.

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Ireland
Delegate Name: Adam Bonde

The military coup on February 1st, 2021, attempted to overthrow the government of Myanmar’s centralized leadership and formed a shadow National Unity Government. Moving closer to current times (2024-2025), it was reported that Junta’s territorial control drastically increased, leaving Myanmar’s government to control numbers nearing only 20-21% of their country (only by the military). This is a very important detail to understand the Civil War climate that is arising in Myanmar as it is. On March 28th, 2025, a 7.7 magnitude earthquake struck numerous parts of Myanmar, which compounded a preceding need for humanitarian aid. However, aid sent through the UN was marked as being impeded or diverted by the Junta in contested areas. This looming threat of a Civil War posed a significant risk of foreign involvement and influence economically and militarily, notably ties to China, and concerns about proxy escalation and private military actors.

The Delegation of Ireland condoms this coup in Myanmar; we support the restoration of democratic governance, and prioritize protection of civilians and humanitarian access. Though Ireland still recognizes the complex, multi-actor nature of the crisis, we believe any proper solution must reconcile democratic transition with ethnic political demands and security guarantees. The delegation of Ireland believes in the support for accountability and targeted sanctions, which includes the supplementing of a “package of measures, including sanctions… that target the perpetrators of the coup.” Many of our officials emphasize the need for these sanctions to be appropriate: aiming at military leaders and not penalizing vulnerable civilians. Ireland hopes to house the humanitarian aid that its government provides. The government of Ireland proves its willingness to support by the records of a commitment of €6 million in emergency aid to Myanmar.

The delegation of Ireland proposes 2 potential solutions. The first being the prevention of escalation and Foreign proxy conflict, this would help Myanmar avoid becoming a battleground for great power competition. Though it wouldn’t be possible without UN-led coordination to discourage foreign military support to any side, stricter enforcement of arms embargoes and illicit trade sanctions, and confidence-building diplomacy between regional actors. The delegation of Ireland strongly emphasizes that foreign interference should not undermine Myanmar’s sovereignty, democratic transition, or humanitarian needs. The second potential solution that Ireland believes will aid the situation in Myanmar is securing humanitarian access. The delegation of Ireland proposes the expansion of cross-border humanitarian corridors through Thailand, India, and Bangladesh, and supporting UN Security Council measures demanding unimpeded humanitarian access, and enhanced protection for humanitarian workers, and sanctions on actors who impede aid, and increased funding for UN agencies and NGOs providing food, water, healthcare, and shelter. The delegation of Ireland believes that humanitarian relief must be insulated from political and military obstruction, especially in earthquake-affected regions.

Bibliography

Voice of America. “Myanmar’s Rebels Closing in around Junta into Fifth Year of Civil War.” Voice of America, 2025.
United Nations Office at Geneva. “Myanmar Human Rights Crisis Deepens as Aid Collapses, Attacks Intensify.” UN Geneva, 2025.
CNBC. “China’s Rare Earth Dominance: Myanmar Plays a Critical Role.” CNBC, 24 June 2025.
Inter Press Service News. “Regime Obstructs Aid But Finally Declares Ceasefire in Quake-Hit Myanmar.” IPS News, 2025.

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Philippines
Delegate Name: Hadley Abrutyn

The delegation of the Philippines is profoundly alarmed by the worsening situation in Myanmar. The crisis represents one of the most severe threats to peace, human rights, and regional stability in recent history. Since the military coup on February 1, 2021, Myanmar has suffered catastrophic democratic regression, widespread civilian casualties, and the collapse of vital social and political institutions. Millions have been displaced, entire communities have been destroyed, and the voices of the Myanmar people, who have long fought for democracy, are being silenced under violent repression.
The Philippines strongly condemns the military junta’s seizure of power and its systematic violations of international human rights law. As a nation with its own painful history of dictatorship and democratic struggle, the Philippines recognizes the urgency of restoring legitimate governance in Myanmar and preventing further atrocities. The violence unleashed by the Tatmadaw, including indiscriminate airstrikes, forced conscription, repression of ethnic minorities, and obstruction of humanitarian workers, represents a direct assault on the principles of human dignity and freedom. The Philippines believes that the crisis transcends an internal political dispute and constitutes a clear threat to regional stability across Southeast Asia.

The Philippines recognizes and supports the ongoing efforts of the United Nations, including resolutions condemning the coup and calling for the protection of vulnerable populations. As an active member of ASEAN, the Philippines also acknowledges the need for stronger regional coordination to address this deteriorating conflict. The Philippines calls for the immediate release of all political prisoners, including members of the National League for Democracy, and supports the democratic aspirations of the National Unity Government, whose formation represents the resilience and determination of Myanmar’s civilian leadership.

In conclusion, the Philippines stands in unwavering solidarity with the people of Myanmar. The suffering endured by civilians, ethnic minorities, political prisoners, and the millions affected by the ongoing civil war demands immediate and decisive global action. The Philippines believes that restoring democracy, ensuring justice for victims, and protecting vulnerable populations are essential not only for Myanmar’s future, but for the stability and moral integrity of the entire region. The crisis in Myanmar must be addressed with urgency, compassion, and an unwavering commitment to peace.

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Pakistan
Delegate Name: Owen Krueger

Pakistan has looked upon the current crisis in Myanmar with the utmost sadness befitting this tragedy. Pakistan and Myanmar have a shared history as both of our great nations were colonized by the British and ruled by the same colonial governments until 1947, when Pakistan finally achieved independence, with Myanmar (then Burma) achieving independence a few months later in early 1948. Having been a nation that has grown alongside Myanmar, it is extremely frightening to see them in a state of civil war.
Pakistan also has close security ties with Myanmar, and the current domestic threats in Myanmar are also a threat to Pakistan. Pakistan would like to see a swift return to stability for Myanmar; however, Pakistan is extremely distraught by the immense violence and destruction that has been caused by the Junta, National Unity Government (NUG), and all of the Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs). The conflict has driven these groups to commit horrible acts against civilian populations. The Rohingya people, who are a muslim minority group in Myanmar, have been the subject of horrific acts of violence, including forced removal from their homes, mass killings, forced conscription to fight for both sides in the civil war, and other genocidal war crimes. All of these actions that the Rohingya have faced are nothing short of a genocide and must be recognized as one.
Alongside the active genocide against the Rohingya, Pakistan, and hopefully the rest of the international community, recognizes the overall humanitarian state in the nation as appalling. In the wake of the magnitude 7.7 earthquake that rocked Myanmar in March of 2025, Pakistan’s Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif ordered the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) to send aid to Myanmar. In a chartered plane, the NDMA provided 35 tons of aid on behalf of Pakistan. While aid from singular nations is important, the current humanitarian situation calls for a much greater internationally cooperative effort.
What Pakistan believes must happen now is that ideally, the war is ended and both sides are brought to the negotiating table, and a humanitarian effort can take place in a time of peace in the nation to help them recover. However, Pakistan recognises the fact that this is extremely unlikely that an effective end to this war would come about that easily. Because of this, the Delegation of Pakistan believes that the number one priority of this committee should be to find an internationally agreeable solution in which we, as the global community, can be of the belief that the effect of the war on the civilian population and, importantly, the Rohingya people is limited, if not negligible. The Delegation of Pakistan believes this can be done through requesting the UN Security Council to deploy a peacekeeping operation to Myanmar in order to protect the Rohingya and people of Myanmar while also assisting in the administration of humanitarian aid. Pakistan looks forward to working with this committee to reach a solution that will be able to end the suffering of the Rohingya and all people of Myanmar.
Works Cited
Amnesty International. “Myanmar: Four Years after Coup, World Must Demand Accountability for Atrocity Crimes.” Amnesty International, 31 Jan. 2025, www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/01/myanmar-four-years-after-coup-world-must-demand-accountability-for-atrocity-crimes/.

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“Issue of Rohingya Muslims.” Mofa.gov.pk, 2024, mofa.gov.pk/issue-of-rohingya-muslims.
Eurasia Review. “Pakistan’s Solidarity with Myanmar: Support To Earthquake Victims – OpEd.” Eurasia Review, 10 April 2025, https://www.eurasiareview.com/10042025-pakistans-solidarity-with-myanmar-support-to-earthquake-victims-oped/
Ratcliffe, Rebecca. “Why Is Myanmar Embroiled in Conflict?” The Guardian, 31 Jan. 2025, www.theguardian.com/global-development/2025/jan/31/why-is-myanmar-embroiled-in-conflict.

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Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Greece
Delegate Name: Asher Ndenga

The Greek delegation considers the situation in Myanmar to be of utmost importance. The military coup of 1962 marked the beginning of the conflict between the military junta of Myanmar and certain Ethnic Armed Organizations (EOAs). This coup diminished hope for a Myanmar where ethnic minorities could have autonomy. In August of 1988 during the 8888 protests, Aung San Suu Kyi and her Nation League for Democracy (NLD) became leading figures in the pro-democracy movement. Aung San Suu Kyi and her NLD provided open party elections, which led to a landslide victory for the NLD in 1990. The military junta denied the election results, arrested, and imprisoned elected officials, restricting their political activities. In 2008, the military-led government approved a new constitution in which there would be a civilian-led government, but ultimate power would be reserved for the military. Consequently, Aung San Suu Kyi and the NLD won a major electoral victory in 2015 in which the NLD now had control of the parliament. The next election in 2020 added to the majority of the NLD, in which the military-backed party lost four seats in both legislatures, which resulted in accusations of fraud and the subsequent coup. Some members of NLD formed the National Unity Government (NUG) after their organization was expelled by the military. After they had enough time to reorganize, the NUG and NLD declared war on the junta, which has led to a devastating civil war. This war also has caused an escalation in an already deteriorating human crisis. Since the civil war has begun, the NLD was forcibbly removed by the military junta and Aung San Suu Kyi was arrested and charged corruption, sedition, violations of coronavirus restrictions, and illegal importation of walkie-talkies.

The United Nation has done its part in ensuring the saftey of the people in Myanmar. The UN offered humanitarian aid to Myanamr after its earthquake by providing clean water, emergency shelters, healthcare, and protection to thousands of people displaced by the disaster. Agencies like the UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC) work diligently to assist refugees and internally displaced citizens by expanding access to basic services and supporting self-reliance. The UNHRC has also has order the Independent Investigative Mechanism for Myanmar (IIMM) to gather evidence of human rights abuses and the UN has called for the protection of citizens and has viewed the obstrutcion of humanitarian aid as a violation of human rights. On December 21, 2022, the United Nations passed resolution 2669. This resolution called for an end to the violence, expressed deep concerns over the state of emergency, demanded for the release of all arbitrarily detained persons, and urged for full humanitarian access.

Greece has historically been an advocate for democratic principles and condemns the atrocities of the military junta in Myanmar. Greece was controlled by a military junta for almost nearly decade in the late 1960s to the mid 1970s, so there is an understanding of this situation. Greece has engaged with the UNHRC to discuss the situtaion in Myanmar and has expressed full support for the work of the UN Special Envoys there. As a member of the European Union (EU), the nation of Greecee has numerous sanctions placed on the government of Myanmar. These sanctions include arms embargoes, assest freezes, travel bans, and restrictions on dual-use goods.
The delegation of Greece urges the UN to hold the government of Myanmar accountable for their wrongdoings while offering continual aid to the vulernable ethnic minorities residing in the nation. With the support of international justice systems, such as the International Criminal Court (ICC), are able to hold perpatrators accountable for their crimes. A wave a support and humanitarian aid for the marginalized communities of Myanmar would keep civilians safe and empower the EOAs to fight for democracy. The situation in Myanmar should be taken care of with the utmost thoughtfulness and strategy.

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Israel
Delegate Name: Madelynn Fraaza

The situation in Myanmar has reached a cataclysmic peak of tension, leaving civilians without highly necessary access to humanitarian aid. Furthermore, the nation’s lack of structure has allowed its multi-party civil war to continue for far too long, with organizations like the Tatmadaw junta and the National Unity Government restricting the ability of outside forces to send aid to the parties that really matter here: the people. Since the coup started in February of 2021, Myanmar has descended into political chaos and continues to move further and further away from the democratic state its people wish it to be. The situation further deteriorated in the aftermath of the March 2025 earthquake, which intensified the humanitarian crisis as Tatmadaw forces continued to block aid, displace civilians, and attack minority communities under their rule.

As one of the longest-standing democracies in the East, Israel affirms the need for a stable and accountable democratic governance to promote both regional and international security. Israel condemns the junta’s effort to overthrow the core of democracy and their continued, tangible efforts to obstruct humanitarian aid, both UN and otherwise, from reaching those that need it most. Despite this, Israel also recognizes that this is a complex issue, as is any transition of political power within a nation. We want to stress that whatever transition of power does end up taking place, it must be properly negotiated to be inclusive and protective of all parties involved.

As we work to transition Myanmar back into a functioning government, Israel would like to see some sort of framework to guarantee political autonomy for the country’s minorities, reinforces human rights, and has measures in place to prevent a relapse of events at any point in the future. Furthermore, all parties involved must uphold the international humanitarian law that they are bound to, regardless of whatever security concerns the Tatmadaw may use to justify their military rule. Israel has a history of promoting democratic institutions and is in full support of increased access to humanitarian aid in conflict areas. Through sustained involvement with UN agencies and international NGOs, Israel remains committed to multilateral diplomacy through the entire international community.

To prevent external militarization and an over involvement of outside countries, Israel advocates for coordinated international diplomacy methods to deter excessive foreign influence. Myanmar’s war is one with itself, and we need to ensure that other countries don’t turn it into a proxy war to promote their own self interests. Israel is also in support of targeted sanctions towards the junta to monitor potential illicit weapon usage and external military involvement. However, the most important issue that needs to be addressed is the matter of how to filter humanitarian aid through the country. For this, Israel would like to see a higher regard for international aid law from all parties, and for the supplied aid to be channeled through neutral organizations to ensure not only effective but also accountable delivery.

This conflict, and the issue we all need to address today, is not only a fight of democratic governance but also a continuation of the tension between Myanmar’s central military powers and their people. Whatever we decide upon runs the risk of decades of repercussions that have the potential to directly influence any political settlement that happens within the country. Because of this, Israel is ready to set aside our potential differences to cooperate with the international community to advance our common goals of promoting power to the people.

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Sierra Leone
Delegate Name: Meira Gable

The long history of conflict in Myanmar has presented the nation with many difficulties entering the 21st century. Ethnic conflicts, resource exploitation, and corrupt military rule have exacerbated a poor economy, leading to foreign influence in political squabbles. With natural disasters like the March 2025 earthquake on the rise and a refusal from the Tatmadaw to adhere to a ceasefire, humanitarian efforts are needed now more than ever, and yet the junta continues to block aid from reaching citizens in resisting areas. To make matters worse, an enormous number of Rohingya are being forced to flee persecution in neighboring countries like Bangladesh, who are overwhelmed by the migration. UN initiatives to increase humanitarian aid and support through UNICEF and UNHCR have been largely unsuccessful and underfunded, running into military controlled transportation channels and unable to reach struggling areas (both physically and technologically due to internet blockages by the junta).

The actions taken by the Tatmadaw are reprehensible. Sierra Leone has firmly voiced its support for The Gambia in its case against Myanmar in the ICJ. However, this isn’t enough. Resolving ethnic conflict and providing systems for humanitarian aid to be received by minority ethnic groups is essential to ensuring long term stability in Myanmar. Sierra Leone supports the Five-Point Consensus as outlined by ASEAN in 2021, which aims to cease violence, resolve the conflict, and provide humanitarian aid to groups affected by the war. Despite an agreement to this plan from all ASEAN countries, military groups in Myanmar have continued to undermine these efforts. As a nation with its own complicated past, Sierra Leone recognizes the difficulties in establishing a stable and unified democratic regime. Similarly, Sierra Leone understands the potential benefits of foreign aid in allowing infrastructure developments and economic stability. Foreign involvement that worsens political conflict is unacceptable, but restricting all foreign aid from nations with resources to help potentially undercuts the good that can result from it.

Overall, the SPECPOL committee must address this crisis. The primary focus of discussion on this topic should be around increasing aid and helping the people affected by the conflict in Myanmar. In addition to gaining funding and increasing international help on this matter, providing resources and money to neighboring nations like Bangladesh is imperative to relieving this crisis in the short term. Enabling non-political NGOs to provide aid, increasing the economic and infrastructural capacities of countries receiving refugees, and, most importantly, continuing to call for changes in the Tatmadaw’s tactics are some important ways to tackle the humanitarian aspect of the crisis. Beyond this, Sierra Leone believes that in order to promote long term stability in Myanmar, encouraging religious tolerance is essential. Working on post-junta solutions that incentivize the establishment of semi-autonomous states should be another topic discussed in this committee. Finally, the UN must increase its monitoring and reporting mechanisms to prevent human rights violations and hold Myanmar accountable for its genocidal actions against the Rohingya.

The delegation of Sierra Leone is looking forward to collaborating with the delegates of SPECPOL on a comprehensive paper to address this crisis.

Bibliography-
https://ccprcentre.org/files/media/Findings_Paper_EN_CCPR.pdf
https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/Chairmans-Statement-on-ALM-Five-Point-Consensus-24-April-2021-FINAL-a-1.pdf
https://press.un.org/en/2024/sc15652.doc.htm
https://www.ids.ac.uk/opinions/humanitarian-crisis-in-myanmar-after-the-earthquake-challenges-under-the-military-junta/
https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/178/178-20191111-PRE-01-00-EN.pdf
https://hhi.harvard.edu/news/2025/09/humanitarian-crisis-rohingya-refugees-bangladesh-issues-their-living-and-host
https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/04/22/myanmar-aseans-failed-5-point-consensus-year

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: India
Delegate Name: Bobby Young

The current situation in Myanmar can only be described as devastating. India is incredibly saddened by the brutal violence happening in a country who we have maintained a well standing relationship with for so long. India has held a long standing relationship with the government of Myanamr, and the start of this conflict, India had begun development on the Kaladan Multi Modal Transit and Transport Project which is a trade network that connects India and Myanmar by sea and land. The conflict has caused the development of this project to be slowed down due to the violence caused by both the Junta and the resistance groups. Despite our long standing history with the Junta, India condemns all violence committed by both parties in Myanmar, and we hope that in this committee we are able to conduct a resolution that creates peace amongst the parties involved, allows for the persistence of global economic interests in Mynamar, provides indiscriminate humanitarian aid to all persons affected by the conflict, enables opportunity for discussion and compromise amongst the Juntas and rebel groups to come to peace, and ensures protections for Myanmar’s neighbors so that this violence does not spill across international borders.
India has long held relations with Myanmar’s Junta; however, as previously mentioned, India condemns all violence committed by the Junta, and India has opened discussions with Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAO)’s and the NUG in order to begin acting as a mediator. India also condemns this violence committed by these EAO’s and NUG’s. India hopes to maintain relations with both of these parties and hopefully continue to act as a mediator to ensure peace is made between them. India also hopes to preserve our interests in Myanmar, which is our development of the Kaladan Multi Modal Transit and Transport Project which is an initiative put in place to allow India and Myanmar to continue our economic interests with one another via trade by waterways and can allow for further stimulation of the struggling Myanmar economy that has caused mass famine and electrical outages. As previously mentioned, India also hopes to provide humanitarian aid to assist those who may not have access to food, water, electricity and other amenities through the collaboration and contributions from other nations in this committee.
With the further development of the Kaladin Multi Transit, India’s affairs on the Myanmar border have been ever increasing, and it is a top priority for India to ensure the protection of Indians working on the system along the Myanmar maritime border, as well as our physical land border, as well as the protection of Burmese citizens who are contributing to the system’s development efforts in Myanmar, who are still working in a warzone, to develop an international trade network that greatly benefits our region. Lastly, India believes that the most beneficial way for all parties with affairs in Myanmar to be satisfied is through conversation. India is more than willing to mediate and host discussions between the SAC, EAO’s, NUG, the nation of India, and other countries who hold economic interests in Myanmar. Overall India is looking to cooperate with and mediate debate with all parties involved, provide humanitarian aid to all people harmed by the war, and protect global economic interests in Myanmar.

Bibliography:
https://southasianvoices.org/geo-m-in-r-india-myanmar-junta-fp-3-21-2025/

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Iran
Delegate Name: Simon Beljak

A nation’s duty is to protect its citizens above all else; the best way to execute such a duty is by ensuring stability. It is by this line of reasoning that Iran supports the search for peace within Myanmar and, in turn, supports the stability and comfort of the people. Since 2021, the Tatmadaw’s junta has fought for stability in Myanmar. Previously, the Tatmadaw assisted in writing the 2008 constitution, which, among a plethora of rights and freedoms, enshrines the right to reside, defending and realizing the human connection to home. Now, amidst a brutal civil war, this right has been violated by all parties involved, with thousands being displaced. Therefore, it should be this committee’s goal to help the Tatmadaw pursue peace with the rebel groups that fight clashes against them.
Nevertheless, the Islamic Republic of Iran recognizes the profound complexity of the civil unrest within Myanmar’s borders and understands that neither side is of pure intent and just execution. The junta–which Iran has long supported–has continued to deny the Rohingya Muslims citizenship, thus creating a refugee crisis. Although this does not sway Iran’s support, something must be done to assist refugees in addition to stabilizing the country under the junta’s authority.
In order for this issue to become closer to being resolved, Iran believes there must be provisions in place for refugees fleeing their country. This may include providing additional provisions for aid from Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) like the International Committee of the Red Cross, Doctors Without Borders, and the International Rescue Committee. Many NGOs are already active within Myanmar, but aid sites and supply lines connected to them have been targets of assaults from both sides. Additionally, Myanmar has been persistently struggling with natural disasters, resulting in aid being shared between causes.
One cannot provide meaningful aid without attempting to nip the source in the bud. In order to address the instability in the region, the Iranian delegation proposed that this committee issue a formal condemnation of the parties involved, thus allowing sanctions on these groups, preventing them from expanding their operations, and, in turn, harm to the people. This condemnation provides reasoning, recommendations, and steps for member nations to place sanctions, trade restrictions, and other actions that work to halt the conflict. Previous condemnations from this body (the UNGA) have been one-sided, only targeting the junta. With the formal condemnation, all sides will be targeted, for it takes two sides to make a conflict.
With these actions in place, it is the hope of the Islamic Republic that this violent civil war, which has pulled thousands from their hearths and homes, can finally find a peaceful conclusion that satisfies all and restores stability.

Sources
Amnesty International. (2025, January 31). Myanmar: Four years after coup, world must demand accountability for atrocity crimes. Amnesty International. https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/01/myanmar-four-years-after-coup-world-must-demand-accountability-for-atrocity-crimes/#:~:text=Since%20the%202021%20coup%2C%20Myanmar%27s,Arakan%20Army%20in%20Rakhine%20State
Middle East Institute. (n.d.). Iranian Leaders Call for Forming “Joint Islamic Army” to Defend Myanmar Muslims. Middle East Institute. Retrieved November 23, 2025, from https://www.mei.edu/publications/iranian-leaders-call-forming-joint-islamic-army-defend-myanmar-muslims#:~:text=The%20Islamic%20Revolution%20Guards%20Corps,MEI%20donors%2C%20please%20click%20here
Global Conflict Tracker. (n.d.). Civil War in Myanmar. Global Conflict Tracker. Retrieved November 23, 2025, from https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/rohingya-crisis-myanmar
Constitute Project. (n.d.). Myanmar 2008 Constitution. Constitute. Retrieved November 23, 2025, from
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Myanmar_2008
United Nations News. (2025, September 30). Rohingya plight in Myanmar, a ‘test for humanity.’ UN News. Retrieved November 23, 2025, from
https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/09/1166004

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Egypt
Delegate Name: Grace Hatton

The Arab Republic of Egypt is incredibly concerned about the ongoing humanitarian crisis in Myanmar, especially the displacement and persecution of the Rohingya Muslim minority. With our diplomatic relations dating back decades, as well as a long-standing commitment to protectig vulnerable muslim communities, Egypt has consistently condemed the violence in the Rakhine State. During Egypt’s term on the UN Security Council in 2017, Egypt called for an emergency session on the crisis and urged Myanmar to request and accept humanitarian aid, cooperate with UN investigations, and restore the rights of the Rohingya people.
Egypt stresses that the protection of civilians must be prioritized, and condemns all human rights violations committed against the Rohingya people. Special Political Missions (SPM’a) and full humanitarian access are essential for understanding the extent of the crisis and providing aid. A central part of Egypt’s position is that Egypt emphasizes the need for the Rohingya people to obtain citizenship or legal status to ensure that access to global human rights is granted. Egypt also supports the voluntary and safe return of displaced refugees, but insists that reparations can only occur when fundamental rights and security for all citizens are guaranteed. Additionally, Egypt recognizes the importance of accountability for those responsible for the abuse given, and highlights the importance of organizations such as the UN, ASEAN, and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation in helping to achieve a sustainable solution.
Egypt urges the United Nations to adopt a strong resolution demanding an immediate end to the violence in Myanmar, Myanmar’s cooperation with international investigations, as well as full humanitarian access to those still in crisis. Egypt calls for the creation of a monitored framework for amends to be made and increased international support for UN agencies providing humanitarian aid. Egypt also encourages diplomatic engagement thorugh both the broader UN system and regional organizations to promote long-term development and reconciliation in the Rakhine State.
Egypt believes that the situation in Myanmar is a test of the international community’s commitment to justice and human rights. Eygpt is ready to work with member states to support humanitarian efforts, protect the Royhinga population, and promote a peaceful and sustainable resolution to the crisis.

Sources
Global New Light of Myanmar. “Global New Light of Myanmar.” Global New Light Of Myanmar, 29 Oct. 2025, https://www.gnlm.com.mm/myanmar-egypt-sign-historic-mou-for-cooperation-in-agricultural-sector/.
TurnDigital. “Egyptian.” Myanmar Relations, 30 Nov. 2015, https://sis.gov.eg/en/international-relations/bilateral-relations/myanmar/.
“Egypt Condemns Anti-Rohingya Violence in Myanmar – Xinhua.” English.News.Cn, 9 June 2017, http://www.xinhuanet.com//english/2017-09/06/c_136589321.htm.
TurnDigital. “Egypt, Myanmar Eye Stronger Ties in Agriculture, Health and Trade.” State Information Service Your Gateway to Egypt, 30 Aug. 2025, https://sis.gov.eg/en/media-center/news/egypt-myanmar-eye-stronger-ties-in-agriculture-health-and-trade/.
Team, OneNews Editor. “Myanmar-Egypt MoU on Agricultural Cooperation Signed.” One News Myanmar, 31 Oct. 2025, https://onenewstvchannel.com/en/agriculture-and-livestock-en/technology-en/myanmar-egypt-mou-on-agricultural-cooperation-signed/.
User, Super. EGYPT. https://www.mecairo.org/en/bilateral-relations/egypt.html. Accessed 23 Nov. 2025.
Baker, Raymond William. “Egypt.” Encyclopedia Britannica, 26 July 1999, https://www.britannica.com/place/Egypt.

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Slovenia
Delegate Name: Ryan Keil

Spec. Pol.
Situation in Myanmar
Slovenia
Ryan Keil

Slovenia’s Position on the Situation in Myanmar

Myanmar had a military coup in 2021 and is currently fighting a civil war. As a delegate of Slovenia I am supporting the reinstitution of democracy in Myanmar in addition to civil and human rights that may have been lost in the process. Myanmar’s struggles began after gaining independence from British rule in 1948. The country struggled to govern its diverse population, and ethnic tensions were often exacerbated by government policies and the legacy of British colonial rule. Many ethnic armed groups have been fighting for self-determination, increased autonomy, or federalism for decades. Conflicts, like the one between the Karen and the government, began soon after independence, with the Karen National Defence Organization declaring war on the government in 1949. A brief period of civilian rule under Aung San Suu Kyi ended when the military staged a coup in 2021, after her party won the 2020 elections by a landslide. The coup was met with widespread peaceful protests, which were met with violence by the junta. In response, pro-democracy forces took up arms and formed new militias, joining with the established ethnic armed groups. This has led to an escalation of fighting, even in regions previously considered more stable, making the current civil war more widespread than before. The military continues to carry out widespread abuses against the public.
We have not had a long history with the country of Myanmar, as we started relations with them after the coup in 2021. However, we have supported them since wanting to replace them with a democratic government and to help their people.
Currently, there are a few positions and proposals related to the topic at hand. An end to the horrible violence in Myanmar, release of political prisoners, and support for the ASEAN Five-Point Consensus, which can be found in the Security Council Resolution S/RES/2669. There are many positions for promoting human rights and helping development in Myanmar to help with the damage that is occurring there.
Slovenia believes in much of what was just previously mentioned. We wish to reinstate a democratic government that is run by the people, to help with human rights in Myanmar, and to help with humanitarian efforts in the country as well. We have the goal to help Myanmar and its people, and to make Myanmar a great country when all is said and done.

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Republic of Korea
Delegate Name: Chloe Falkenstern

The ongoing civil war in Myanmar has warped into a great cause of concern for surrounding countries and the international community as a whole. Since Myanmar’s declaration of independence from Great Britain in 1948, tensions between Myanmar and its regional ethnic groups have brought grievances and violence on a scale no one could have predicted. The involvement of the Tatmadaw in the national government historically has caused more harm than good, with the ethnic groups of Myanmar being unwilling to follow the entity. Their loss of four seats in their legislature during democratic elections created a cause of concern for the militant group, sparking the coup of 2021. The Tatmadaw have created one of the largest humanitarian crises in the world, including the poverty of their people, religious persecution and ethnic cleansing, and ongoing violence in the Shan, Rakhine, and Kachin states that has spilled over into neighboring countries. Protests of the people of Myanmar have been met with violence, and violence against minority ethnic groups must cease for the country to prosper. As such, Korea is in favor of a solution that would provide food to those in areas of conflict, aid refugees seeking political asylum, cease the ongoing conflict, and reinstore the democratic elections that were once in Myanmar.

Korea and Myanmar have had a long history of cooperation throughout decades. During its democratic elections, meetings between the National League for Democracy and Korean presidents about the future of Myanmar were frequent. Korea also monetarily supported Myanmar throughout this time, being one of the largest investors in the Myanmar economy. Since the coup of 2021, the transport and trade of arms from Korea have ceased, with the last shipment having been in 2019. Throughout the ongoing conflict, we have worked in collaboration with the World Food Program (WFP) in providing meals to those affected by conflict through a program named ROK-WFP REACH (Responding with Emergency Assistance for Conflict Afflicted Households). Korea has also provided political asylum for refugees seeking aid during the conflict.

As a close ally of ASEAN, the Republic of Korea is in full support of the Five Point Consensus that was passed in 2021. However, the Tatmadaw leadership continues to work against this solution, working against the international community as a whole. Though not a member of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) at the time, Korea supports Resolution 2669, calling for international collaboration with ASEAN and the UN Special Envoy. It is imperative to end the conflict, including air strikes, unlawful imprisonment, and violence against civilians before implementing any other course of action.

The Republic of Korea asks the Special Political and Decolonization Committee to remain seized of the matter, focusing on ending the current humanitarian crisis, ongoing conflict, and providing humanitarian assistance to those who need it. Korea would also like to emphasize regional cooperation, as we believe that interference by non-regional countries will escalate the conflict.

Sources
https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/rohingya-crisis-myanmar
https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/N2276733.pdf
https://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/brd/m_5676/view.do?seq=321574&fbclid=IwAR33i00snL9aUed-BIprvPLGSeuladiv4DdHAqw2MBMOzxPTWEzbmvlu45k
https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/southkorea/globalcommunity/20220527/special-report-asylum-seekers-create-myanmartown-from-scratch-in-bupyeong
https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/Chairmans-Statement-on-ALM-Five-Point-Consensus-24-April-2021-FINAL-a-1.pdf
https://www.mofa.go.kr/mm-en/brd/m_2096/view.do?seq=759065

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Switzerland
Delegate Name: Aanya Dogra

SPECPOL
The Situation in Myanmar
Switzerland
Aanya Dogra, Forest Hills Northern HS

The situation in Myanmar is a fastly deteriorating humanitarian issue, rooted in decades of military dominance that began in 1962. Although limited political reforms occurred in the 2010s, the military had significant control over parts of the government. The 2015 and 2020 elections introduced a sweeping democratic victory for the National League for Democracy (NLD), then leading to a military coup on February 1, 2021. Since then, Myanmar has faced a violent civil war with ethnic armed groups and pro-democracy forces, and severe human rights violations carried out by the junta as it struggles to maintain control.
Switzerland has consistently supported democracy and comprehensive dialogue and has maintained contact with Myanmar even before the 2021 events. Switzerland has stationed a human security adviser in Myanmar since 2012 to support peacebuilding, conflict management, and human rights initiatives. Denouncing the intensifying armed conflicts following the military takeover, Switzerland has urged all parties involved to engage in dialogue to reach a political resolution. After the 2021 conflict, Switzerland has remained in contact with all parties, encouraging collaboration and a return to democratic governance. In line with a commitment to peace and human security, the Swiss approach emphasizes protecting civilians, ensuring humanitarian access by promoting political solutions that reduce violence.
Switzerland has condemned the surge of armed conflict and emphasized adherence to international humanitarian and human rights law. Switzerland supports the work of the Independent Investigative Mechanism for Myanmar (IIMM), which collects evidence of potential war crimes and crimes against humanity to enable accountability through the International Criminal Court or other international tribunals. Additionally, Switzerland strongly advocates for unrestricted humanitarian access, protection of civilians and medical personnel, and the prevention of child recruitment by armed groups. Specifically, the Swiss Cooperation Programme in Myanmar 2019–23 prioritizes achieving peace, skills and market development, and health. In UN forums, Switzerland has called for active Security Council engagement, close coordination with ASEAN, and the implementation of mechanisms like the Five-Point Consensus to foster peace, dialogue, and humanitarian relief.
Switzerland promotes restoring democratic governance, protecting human rights, and mitigating civilian suffering. It proposes supporting international accountability to hold military leaders responsible. Switzerland also strongly recommends coordinated humanitarian efforts, ensuring safe passage for aid and medical services. Switzerland calls for action and looks forward to tackling this issue with other nations, emphasizing collaboration and safety.

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Lithuania
Delegate Name: Bryan Oh

Myanmar is facing one of the worst humanitarian and cultural crises in Southeast Asia. When the military took control in February 2021, the level of violence and persecution increased drastically, threatening communities and cultural and religious institutions. According to UNESCO and the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), several cultural sites, monasteries, and religious buildings have been damaged or destroyed since the coup. It is not only the people who have suffered; the monks and monasteries have also been targeted, affecting the survival of religious and cultural practices. As a result, Myanmar’s diverse cultural background is at risk, and the ongoing conflict is causing irreparable damage to the country’s cultural and religious landmarks.
The Lithuanian government is deeply concerned about the destruction of cultural and historical sites alongside ongoing human rights violations. Lithuania has had its share of foreign occupations and assaults on national identity over the 20th century. That’s why Lithuania’s commitment to the preservation of cultural heritage, democratic values, and the rights of people whose cultural expression is being threatened is strongly shaped by its own history. Lithuania maintains that even if a country experiences times of political turmoil and armed conflict, cultural heritage should be regarded as a safeguarded manifestation of human dignity, and this same principle will be used in Lithuania’s position on Myanmar.
Lithuania is involved in international efforts that aim at the protection of cultural heritage during crisis times. As a member of the European Union, Lithuania supports the EU sanctions against the Myanmar military and, additionally, through the very same measures, backs diplomatic efforts to prevent any further destruction of the culture. Moreover, Lithuania has also been cooperating with UNESCAP and is committed to contributing to initiatives that protect Myanmar’s cultural heritage and support its people.

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Ethiopia
Delegate Name: Hannah Elbaz

The crises in Myanmar continue to destabilize Southeast Asia and challenge the international community’s commitment to sovereignty and self-determination. The escalation of conflict between the Tatmadaw and various ethnic armed organizations has resulted in thousands of civilian casualties, humanitarian strain, and erosion of liberties and democratic institutions. SPECPOL must navigate the crisis with sensitivity to sovereignty, regional stability and the crucial need for sustainable political solutions driven by the people of Myanmar.
Ethiopia approaches the situation with a nuanced perspective shaped by our own experiences with sovereignty, non-interference, and African multilateral diplomacy, while also affirming the international community’s responsibility to prevent human catastrophe. We recognize that a durable peace cannot be imposed externally. It must emerge from efforts within the country, such as an inclusive national dialogue that reflects the will of Myanmar’s ethnic, political and civil society stakeholders. Ethiopia also sees the humanitarian crises and the suffering of the people, and we encourage humanitarian aid and alleviating these crises. Ethiopia supports action that’ll balance respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, protection of human and civil rights, and regional leadership.
Although geographically distant from Southeast Asia, Ethiopia has consistently contributed through peacekeeping, conflict mediation, and support for negotiated political settlements. AS host to the African union and a leading actor in multilateral diplomacy, Ethiopia aligns itself with approaches that prioritize regional initiatives, confidence-building measures and capacity-based humanitarian assistance. Ethiopia has also worked with the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and other humanitarian agencies to support displaced populations. These experiences inform its advocacy for expanding humanitarian access in Myanmar.
To address the crises with competence, Ethiopia proposes the following: Avoid broad economic sanctions that could worsen humanitarian crises, address the Rohingya crisis as integral to the Myanmar calamity, and encourage an inclusive national dialogue by neutral third parties, expand neutral corridors and monitoring mechanisms, strengthen ASEAN-led diplomacy and the five-point consensus.
We remain committed to a balanced, principled approach that upholds the sovereignty of Myanmar while demanding concrete steps for peace. Ethiopia highly encourages solutions that contain multilateral cooperation, regional leadership, and inclusive political dialogue. That gives power to the people. Ethiopia is eager to work with all members of SPECPOL to take the transition to a more peaceful, united Myanmar.

Works Cited
“Advance Edited Version.” MIMU, 2 March 2023, https://myanmar.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-05/OHCHR%20HRC%20Report%20-%20English.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com. Accessed 26 November 2025.
Hassan, Tirana. “World Report 2023: Myanmar.” Human Rights Watch, https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2023/country-chapters/myanmar. Accessed 26 November 2025.
“Myanmar: Four years after coup, world must demand accountability for atrocity crimes.” Amnesty International, 31 January 2025, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/01/myanmar-four-years-after-coup-world-must-demand-accountability-for-atrocity-crimes/. Accessed 26 November 2025.
OHCHR Myanmar, IMDA/ERS/FOTCD. “Situation of human rights in Myanmar.” United Nations of Human Rights, 28 February 2023. Accessed 23 November 2025.
United Nations. “Myanmar: Four years on, coup leaders ramp up violations to.” https://myanmar.un.org/, 31 January 2025. Accessed 24 November 2025.
United Nations; Meetings and press conference releases. “As Crisis in Myanmar Worsens, Security Council Must Take Resolute Action to End Violence by Country’s Military, Address Humanitarian Situation, Speakers Urge.” press.un.org, 4 April 2024. Accessed 26 November 2025.

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Russian Federation
Delegate Name: Adelaide Woltil

Special Political Committee
The Situation in Myanmar
Russian Federation
Adelaide Woltil
Forest Hills Central High School

Myanmar now represents one of the most complex political and humanitarian crises in the region. Tensions in the country have always been high, but the 2021 takeover further intensified the grievances and infuriated both pro-democratic groups and the central government, along with many marginalized ethnic communities. It is not just the takeover that brought instability to the region, but issues within the country date back several decades, with ethnic grievances that remain unresolved, poor development, and an unfinished transition to civilian government, leaving the country very vulnerable. In past actions, the United Nations has worked toward decreasing violence in Myanmar and increasing humanitarian aid, but progress has been restricted by the spread of armed groups and increased regional pressure. Many countries still maintain their trade relationships with Myanmar based on principles of sovereignty, non-interference, and stability. It is essential to acknowledge that, as the situation in Myanmar continues to evolve, it is vital for the international community to seek solutions that alleviate civilian suffering, particularly that of marginalized ethnic groups, prevent escalation, and respect the right of Myanmar to determine its political future without foreign interference, which can only worsen instability further.

The Russian Federation looks upon and approaches the situation in Myanmar according to the principles of sovereignty, non-interference, and the need for long-term stability. We maintain legitimate relations with the authorities of Myanmar, which are grounded in cooperation on security, economic development, energy, and humanitarian assistance. These partnerships represent no support for any internal political faction but reflect Russia’s view that foreign pressures and attempts at externally forced political change have historically worsened conflicts and regional security and stability. The Russian Federation recognizes one important thing: that the internal dynamics of Myanmar cannot be resolved through externally imposed systems or sanctions. We would therefore like to underline the need for cooperation from all sides, improved humanitarian access with the consent of Myanmar, and a gradual shift toward political security and unity that is decided upon by Myanmar’s own government. Forced political changes to fit the Western idea of democracy do not work for all nations, and any changes that will be made to the government structure of Myanmar should be done with its own autonomy.

The Russian Federation believes that any solution to the situation in Myanmar has to focus first and foremost on stability, humanitarian access, and a political process led by the people of Myanmar themselves and not solely by foreign bodies. We support expanding UN-coordinated aid, so long as Myanmar wishes to accept it, and we also encourage cooperation between Myanmar and regional organizations such as ASEAN. Its members share cultural and geographic proximity, which facilitates de-escalation more effectively than using external pressures and foreign bodies. Political progress has to come out of negotiations and talks facilitated by trusted regional partners, like ASEAN and neighboring nations, rather than punitive measures, like sanctions, that would threaten to destabilize Myanmar even further and cause instability in the region as a whole. If we focus on aid and respect for Myanmar’s internal decision-making without intrusive foreign interference, these solutions will contribute to a reduction in violence while creating the opportunity for a path toward political reconciliation, stability, and peace.

Works Cited

https://apnews.com/article/myanmar-russia-china-helicopters-aircraft-fd8c51047093d286c193766297f1a536

https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/russia-signs-investment-deal-with-myanmar-sees-offshore-oil-gas-prospects-2025-06-20/

https://dppa.un.org/en/mission/special-envoy-myanmar

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Germany
Delegate Name: PJ Valeros

Special Political Committee
The Situation in Myanmar
Federal Republic of Germany
PJ Valeros
Forest Hills Eastern High School

The Situation in Myanmar is of utmost importance and needs to be resolved in the near future. In 1948, the former British colony of Burma gained independence, and the military junta seized power in 1962 through a coup. Due to the ethnic and religious divisions within the nation, the junta has had conflict with many of the ethnic groups to consolidate its power. Since the National League for Democracy party won 3 democratic elections, the junta feared the party as a rival in the long term and seized power once again in 2021 through a coup; it detained the senior leadership and forced the party into hiding. Many protests broke out in response to this, but the junta continued to fight and attempt to control the people. In response to this, the democratic resistance grew, and recently began to fight through coalitions of ethnic armed groups in the civil war. The UN states that “it is imperative that the military immediately stop all attacks on civilians and civilian objects.” The UN urges Myanmar to focus on instilling democracy and the rule of law for its citizens. As conditions continue to worsen, the UNCHR is urging all neighboring states to grant Myanmar refugees asylum and advocates for strengthening strategic partnerships with local NGOs and other organization to provide relief and care for those displaced by this conflict.

The Federal Republic of Germany recognizes the dire circumstances and wants to help. In 1954, Germany began to establish diplomatic relations with Myanmar. Primarily, Germany assisted in the development of Myanmar as a nation. However, in 1988, the relationship was negatively affected after the atrocities committed by the military. Bilateral relations began to strengthen again in 2011 but were cut short after the ethnic cleansing of the muslim Rohingya population in 2017. The Federal Republic of Germany also condemns the coup of the military junta in 2021 and advocates for an end to the violence. As a part of the EU, Germany agrees with Resolution 2669 made by the UN Security Council on the Rohingya Muslims, even stating that the resolution could have made more progress in addressing the flow of weapons to the Myanmar military. In short, the Federal Republic of Germany sides with the people of Myanmar and fully supports peace and democracy as well as respect for human rights and individual freedoms. In addition, Germany contributed 106 million euros for humanitarian assistance to improve the situation of the Rohingya Muslims in the Rakhine state of Myanmar and the refugees currently situated in Bangladesh. ASEAN’s efforts to keep the situation in Myanmar at an international level are fully supported by Germany.

The Federal Republic of Germany encourages any resolutions that call for the peace and liberation of the people of Myanmar, and condemns the atrocities caused by the military junta coup of seizing power in 2021. Germany’s position as an advocate of democracy influences its decisions to promote the rights of all of the citizens of Myanmar, including the ethnic and religious minorities such as the Rohingya Muslims, guaranteeing the rights of marginalized minorities through empowerment. Although Germany has contributed significant aid to Myanmar, Germany also ensures that no other countries will supply Myanmar with weapons to fight through UN-sanctioned embargoes to de-escalate the crisis as quickly as possible. UN economic sanctions can also be used to provide humanitarian aid to citizens in need, if possible, and countries such as the Federal Republic of Germany can also attempt to donate as well.

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Finland
Delegate Name: Viviana Stiegler

Country: Finland
Committee: SPECPOL
Conference: GLIMUN 2025
Topic: The Situation in Myanmar
The Republic of Finland remains deeply concerned about the political repression and humanitarian crisis in Myanmar following the 2021 military coup. The junta’s documented abuses, such as unlawful detentions, airstrikes on villages, and discrimination against ethnic minorities, show clear violations of international law. If the junta were to surrender, Finland believes that protecting the rights of Myanmar’s many ethnic groups is essential to stability. To do so, Finland supports the establishment of a transitional civilian government that includes minority representation, constitutional safeguards aligned with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and international monitoring to ensure compliance. These measures would help prevent renewed ethnic conflict and support long-term democratic reconstruction.
Finland also emphasizes the importance of preventing the Myanmar crisis from escalating into a proxy conflict. Neighboring regional powers have shown conflicting political and economic interests in Myanmar, which increases the risk of outside intervention. To reduce this danger, Finland advocates for a unified international response through ASEAN, the UN, and the EU. Coordinated sanctions against military officials, restrictions on arms transfers, and mediation led by neutral states can prevent foreign governments from supporting armed groups or using Myanmar’s instability to expand their influence. A consistent and depoliticized diplomatic approach is necessary to prevent the crisis from escalating into a larger regional conflict.
Finally, Finland stresses the urgent need for guaranteed humanitarian access for the millions of civilians facing food insecurity, displacement, and violence. The junta has repeatedly blocked aid convoys and targeted humanitarian workers. Finland believes that international law, including the Geneva Conventions and the Responsibility to Protect, provides a legal basis for demanding unimpeded access to at-risk populations. Finland therefore supports UN-authorized cross-border aid corridors, increased funding to neutral organizations like the ICRC, and resolutions condemning obstruction of humanitarian assistance. Ensuring safe and consistent aid delivery is essential to alleviating suffering and stabilizing Myanmar’s humanitarian situation. Finland remains committed to supporting democratic governance, human rights, and peaceful resolution in Myanmar.

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Saudi Arabia
Delegate Name: Finola Green

Myanmar has faced incessant political instability, ethnic conflict, and humanitarian crises, especially affecting the Rohingya population. Since the 2021 military coup, violence and displacement have increased, creating urgent humanitarian needs. Human rights have been violated, the plight of refugees has increased, and regional security on the borders has lessened immensely. The situation worsened starkly after the 7.7‑magnitude earthquake in March 2025, which destroyed homes, hospitals, roads, and other critical infrastructure. These issues concern not only the citizens of Myanmar and its neighboring regions, but the international community and the United Nations as a whole. While addressing these issues, it is crucial to respect Myanmar’s sovereignty and support solutions that foster lasting peace in the region.
As the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, we believe that Myanmar’s people deserve stability, protection, and the dignity that comes with self-determination and sovereignty. At the same time, we recognize the urgent humanitarian crisis unfolding across the country. Tens of millions now require assistance, and many vulnerable populations face serious threats to health, shelter, food, and safety.
Saudi Arabia urges the international community and United Nations agencies to increase humanitarian support in Myanmar while avoiding political interference, like with the Junta. Assistance should focus solely on meeting the urgent needs of the people, remaining neutral and fair, and respecting the country’s sovereignty. Humanitarian workers must be granted safe and unhindered access to all areas, including the regions most affected by conflict and natural disasters.
Saudi Arabia urges all national, regional, and international actors to work together to support peaceful dialogue in Myanmar and create the conditions for lasting stability. Immediately, the focus must be on delivering humanitarian aid, protecting civilians, and assisting those who have been forced from their homes by conflict. By respecting Myanmar’s sovereignty, coordinating relief efforts effectively, and encouraging inclusive political solutions, the international community can help the country recover from years of hardship.

Works Cited:
https://myanmar.un.org/en/296422-myanmar-humanitarian-needs-and-response-plan-2025-quarter-1-dashboard-jan-mar-2025
https://www.unfpa.org/resources/myanmar-situation-report-1-march-2025
https://myanmar.un.org/en/293008-situation-report-4-unfpa-prioritizes-urgent-health-and-protection-support-myanmar
https://www.saudigazette.com.sa/article/653114
https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3856200/files/A_74_PV.52-EN.pdf
https://myanmar.un.org/en/244307-situation-human-rights-rohingya-muslims-and-other-minorities-myanmar-report-secretary

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Canada
Delegate Name: MyLinh

Committee: Special Political Committee
Topic: Situation in Myanmar
Country: The Dominion of Canada
School: Forest Hills Central High School

Human rights, democracy, and the rule of law are prioritized in Canada’s foreign policy. We condemn the coup in Myanmar, as Canada’s global values are directly at odds with Myanmar’s military takeover. The situation in Myanmar is among the worst in the world. The military regime has violated human rights through actions such as widespread arrests, airstrikes against civilians, and the persecution of minorities. Citizens are unable to practice religious freedoms as Christianity is deemed unacceptable, and a genocide is being held against the Rohingya Muslims. Myanmar civilians have been in a struggle for democracy since 1962, and we believe that their struggle should finally call for the immediate support of the Ethnic Armed Organizations and restoration of democratic rule. Canada is committed to compensating for the atrocities committed in Myanmar and achieving justice for the victims of the situation.

In case of the junta’s surrender, elections within the country would become fairer and freer. Currently, the country’s electoral process is defined by significant restrictions and disenfranchisement, particularly for ethnic minorities and political opponents of the ruling military junta. To ensure the rights of all people, everyone must be given the opportunity and accessibility to participate in elections, regardless of their ethnic group, religion, sex, or mental or physical disability, among other characteristics. A constitution would be implemented to outline and protect this new government. Additionally, it would guarantee fundamental freedoms, democratic rights, and crucial equality rights. It would ensure that every individual is entitled to equal protection. The adoption of an official multiculturalism policy would encourage the preservation of cultural heritage while insisting on full and equitable participation in Myanmar society, allowing all people to feel as if they belong. These provisions would create a government heavily influenced by Canada’s electoral democracy.

In 2007, Canada began imposing sanctions on Myanmar under the Special Economic Measures Act to respond to the human rights and humanitarian situation in the country (Canada-Myanmar Relations). These sanctions help increase pressure on the military to initiate genuine and inclusive political action to end the crisis and reinforce Canada’s call to all countries to suspend operational support to Myanmar’s military. Canada’s assistance in Myanmar put women and girls at the center of its efforts and took a holistic approach to peace and security efforts. By concentrating on women and girls in conflict-affected areas and strengthening their role in conflict prevention and resolution, Canada’s National Action Plan on women, peace, and security is advanced, and human dignity, well-being, and rights of marginalized communities are improved. Since the coup, we have contributed to coordinated campaigning at the UN and with G7 countries to denounce the Myanmar military’s seizure of power and advocate for the swift restoration of democratic governance. As a democracy, we believe in the condemnation of military regimes, sanctions, and humanitarian support for the people affected in crisis.

Now, more than ever, all eyes should be on Myanmar. Myanmar junta chief, Sr. Gen. Min Aung Hlaing, at a summit, agreed to five points: an immediate end to violence in the country, communication between all parties, the appointment of a special envoy, humanitarian assistance by ASEAN, and the special envoy’s visit to Myanmar to meet with all parties, to help end the situation. However, Min Aung Hlaing went on to defy each point, and, rather than halting attacks, ramped up the abuses committed by the military. Security forces have killed over 1,700 people, including 130 children, arrested over 13,000, and displaced more than 550,000 people (Myanmar: ASEAN’s Failed ‘5-Point Consensus’ a Year ON). It is clear that we can not rely on the cooperation of Myanmar’s military regime to achieve our goal to help Myanmar achieve a democratic, peaceful, and inclusive future. As of now, we will continue to impose sanctions on Myanmar, and we believe that the situation also requires all parties to immediately de-escalate violence, ensure unhindered humanitarian access across the country, and prioritize the protection of civilians. To avoid proxy conflicts, Canada will work to continue trends of international diplomacy, alliances, and peacekeeping.

Work Cites:
https://www.international.gc.ca/country-pays/myanmar/relations.aspx?lang=eng

https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/04/22/myanmar-aseans-failed-5-point-consensus-year#:~:text=At%20a%20summit%20in%20Jakarta,displacing%20more%20than%20550%2C000%20people.

https://www.international.gc.ca/country_news-pays_nouvelles/2025-08-24-myanmar.aspx?lang=eng

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Canada
Delegate Name: MyLinh

Committee: Special Political Committee
Topic: Situation in Myanmar
Country: The Dominion of Canada
School: Forest Hills Central High School

Human rights, democracy, and the rule of law are prioritized in Canada’s foreign policy. We condemn the coup in Myanmar, as Canada’s global values are directly at odds with Myanmar’s military takeover. The situation in Myanmar is among the worst in the world. The military regime has violated human rights through actions such as widespread arrests, airstrikes against civilians, and the persecution of minorities. Citizens are unable to practice religious freedoms as Christianity is deemed unacceptable, and a genocide is being held against the Rohingya Muslims. Myanmar civilians have been in a struggle for democracy since 1962, and we believe that their struggle should finally call for the immediate support of the Ethnic Armed Organizations and restoration of democratic rule. Canada is committed to compensating for the atrocities committed in Myanmar and achieving justice for the victims of the situation.

In case of the junta’s surrender, elections within the country would become fairer and freer. Currently, the country’s electoral process is defined by significant restrictions and disenfranchisement, particularly for ethnic minorities and political opponents of the ruling military junta. To ensure the rights of all people, everyone must be given the opportunity and accessibility to participate in elections, regardless of their ethnic group, religion, sex, or mental or physical disability, among other characteristics. A constitution would be implemented to outline and protect this new government. Additionally, it would guarantee fundamental freedoms, democratic rights, and crucial equality rights. It would ensure that every individual is entitled to equal protection. The adoption of an official multiculturalism policy would encourage the preservation of cultural heritage while insisting on full and equitable participation in Myanmar society, allowing all people to feel as if they belong. These provisions would create a government heavily influenced by Canada’s electoral democracy.

In 2007, Canada began imposing sanctions on Myanmar under the Special Economic Measures Act to respond to the human rights and humanitarian situation in the country (Canada-Myanmar Relations). These sanctions help increase pressure on the military to initiate genuine and inclusive political action to end the crisis and reinforce Canada’s call to all countries to suspend operational support to Myanmar’s military. Canada’s assistance in Myanmar put women and girls at the center of its efforts and took a holistic approach to peace and security efforts. By concentrating on women and girls in conflict-affected areas and strengthening their role in conflict prevention and resolution, Canada’s National Action Plan on women, peace, and security is advanced, and human dignity, well-being, and rights of marginalized communities are improved. Since the coup, we have contributed to coordinated campaigning at the UN and with G7 countries to denounce the Myanmar military’s seizure of power and advocate for the swift restoration of democratic governance. As a democracy, we believe in the condemnation of military regimes, sanctions, and humanitarian support for the people affected in crisis.

Now, more than ever, all eyes should be on Myanmar. Myanmar junta chief, Sr. Gen. Min Aung Hlaing, at a summit, agreed to five points: an immediate end to violence in the country, communication between all parties, the appointment of a special envoy, humanitarian assistance by ASEAN, and the special envoy’s visit to Myanmar to meet with all parties, to help end the situation. However, Min Aung Hlaing went on to defy each point, and, rather than halting attacks, ramped up the abuses committed by the military. Security forces have killed over 1,700 people, including 130 children, arrested over 13,000, and displaced more than 550,000 people (Myanmar: ASEAN’s Failed ‘5-Point Consensus’ a Year ON). It is clear that we can not rely on the cooperation of Myanmar’s military regime to achieve our goal to help Myanmar achieve a democratic, peaceful, and inclusive future. As of now, we will continue to impose sanctions on Myanmar, and we believe that the situation also requires all parties to immediately de-escalate violence, ensure unhindered humanitarian access across the country, and prioritize the protection of civilians. To avoid proxy conflicts, Canada will work to continue trends of international diplomacy, alliances, and peacekeeping.

Work Cites:
https://www.international.gc.ca/country-pays/myanmar/relations.aspx?lang=eng

https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/04/22/myanmar-aseans-failed-5-point-consensus-year#:~:text=At%20a%20summit%20in%20Jakarta,displacing%20more%20than%20550%2C000%20people.

https://www.international.gc.ca/country_news-pays_nouvelles/2025-08-24-myanmar.aspx?lang=eng

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Ecuador
Delegate Name: Ailani Wilson

Committee: Special Political and Decolonization Committee
Topic: Situation in Myanmar
Country: The Republic of Ecuador
School: Forest Hills Central High School

The Republic of Ecuador has great concerns about the situation in Myanmar. After years of military rule, the situation is worsening. Violence continues to spread, and ethnic minorities are still under attack. Ecuador wants to see a peaceful transition that respects human rights, avoids the use of foreign armies and weapons, and ensures aid gets to the people who need it.
We believe that protecting vulnerable communities and keeping the region stable will depend on the international community stepping up. Diplomacy and international law matter, and the people need direct help, not empty promises.
If the military and junta lose power or decide to leave, Ecuador says the next government has to actually stand up for ethnic minorities. These communities can’t just get shooed aside; they need a real seat at the table and a say in what happens next, even if Myanmar moves towards a federal system. Armed groups that represent these minorities should be part of peace talks from day one, not brought in at the last minute to sign on to something they didn’t have a say in. Ecuador also wants international monitors to make sure everyone is sticking to the armistice. Trust doesn’t happen overnight; people have to build it up. That’s the only way to stop the country from going back into chaos.
A transitional constitution must secure key rights, including cultural protections, land ownership, and fair access to natural resources, so all people are protected when the conflict comes to an end. Ecuador also supports setting up truth commissions or hybrid courts to investigate past abuses, give victims justice and answers, and help Myanmar start the process of healing.
There’s another major risk: Myanmar could turn into a place for other countries to fight out their rivalries. Ecuador backs a regional deal led by ASEAN to keep that from happening. Neighboring countries and global powers should publicly swear off sending weapons, troops, or military support to any side. The world needs to work together to enforce real arms embargoes and financial sanctions on the military leaders, cutting off the weapons and money that feed the conflict. There should be independent systems to track where support’s coming from, with regular public reports. Countries thinking of backing the war in secret need to know there are real political and reputational costs. Ecuador’s not against trade or development, but that only works if it’s clearly tied to not fueling the fighting.
Right now, people in Myanmar are stuck without food, medicine, or even basic safety, all because aid keeps getting blocked on purpose. We say it’s time for the world to use every peaceful tool under international law to confirm that help gets through to Myanmar. This means we need to push the UN, whether the Security Council or the General Assembly, to pass resolutions that open doors for aid. It means bringing in neutral mediators to set up safe routes for supplies, and confirming that sanctions never end up hurting humanitarian work. Aid groups should not be caught up in legal or financial troubles.
Ecuador also wants more money to go directly to local partners who understand what is happening. We want to improve reporting on humanitarian law and create real consequences for anyone who attacks workers or obstructs supplies. In the end, the world needs tougher rules and smarter systems so food, medicine, and shelter reach the people in danger, instead of getting stuck at some checkpoint or buried in politics.
Ecuador urges every member state to tackle Myanmar’s crisis head-on and with some common sense. Let’s protect minority rights while the politics shift, stop outside forces from turning this into a bigger fight, and put humanitarian values into practice instead of just talking about it. We’re ready to join others on real solutions. Solutions that keep people safe, respect international law, and actually move Myanmar toward peace that lasts.

Works Cited
https://www.networkmyanmar.org/ESW/Files/n2409183.pdf?utm_source
https://press.un.org/en/2024/sc15652.doc.htm?utm_source
https://myanmar.un.org/en/238761-myanmar-dire-humanitarian-and-human-rights-situation-compounded-military%E2%80%99s-restrictions-aid?utm_source
https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/12/13/myanmar-junta-blocks-lifesaving-aid?utm_source
https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/02/24/un-security-council-impose-arms-embargo-myanmar?utm_source
https://asean.org/what-we-do/

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Malaysia
Delegate Name: Kenji Crawford

Special Political and Decolonization
Situation in Myanmar(Burma)
Malaysia
Kenji Crawford
Forest Hills Eastern

Ever since Myanmar’s, then called Burma’s, independence and the assassination of Aung San in 1947, Myanmar has been replete with conflict, instability, poverty, and a desperate need for humanitarian assistance. The 2011-2015 political reforms gave the international community brief hope. Still, quickly those were dashed with the Rohingya crisis in 2016, and subsequently international hopes for an even somewhat democratic Myanmar were thoroughly squashed with the military coup of the National League for Democracy(NLD) in 2021. Ever since, there has been a civil war between the Myanmar military and the NLD’s government in exile, the National Unity Government(NUG), along with multiple Ethnic Armed Organizations(EAOs). The 7.7 magnitude earthquake in March of this year, which caused around 4,000 deaths and tens of thousands of injuries, has only served to exacerbate the humanitarian crisis within the country. After the earthquake, the UN rapidly coordinated a multi-organization response to get urgent humanitarian aid into Myanmar and distribute it to people in need of assistance, along with a specialized United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination team. Despite this united effort to provide aid to the people of Myanmar, the military, which holds power within Myanmar, has on multiple occasions blocked this aid from reaching those who need it. The accumulation of all these issues has not only devastated stability in the country and surrounding regions but also has, according to Secretary-General of the United Nations, António Guterres, created “one of the world’s worst humanitarian and human rights crises,” with upwards of 2 million refugees, and an estimated more than 3 and a half million internally displaced people within Myanmar.

Malaysia recognizes the Myanmar crisis to be both a regional security concern and a moral obligation for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), of which both Malaysia and Myanmar are members. Malaysia has taken steps to enact the 5-Point Consensus (5PC) within ASEAN: “First, there should be an immediate cessation of violence, and all parties shall exercise utmost restraint. Second, constructive dialogue among all parties concerned shall commence to seek a peaceful solution in the interests of the people. Third, a special envoy of the ASEAN Chair shall facilitate mediation of the dialogue process, with the assistance of the ASEAN Secretary-General. Fourth, ASEAN shall provide humanitarian assistance through the AHA Centre. Fifth, the special envoy and delegation shall visit Myanmar to meet with all parties concerned.” The 5PC was signed on April 24th, 2024; however, the implementation of this plan has stalled due to a lack of cooperation from the Myanmar Junta. Malaysia advocates for a dialogue-centered approach, allowing for communication with all parties involved, including the Myanmar government, the NUG, and the EAOs. Malaysia also stresses the preeminence of humanitarian efforts through the use of international aid corridors and negotiated access agreements. In the case of a surrender by the military junta, Malaysia supports the establishment of a UN-monitored and mediated interim transitional government while dialogues continue with stakeholders.

Malaysia encourages the United Nations to organize and institute humanitarian aid corridors through the use of negotiated access agreements and cross-border humanitarian operations, with international monitoring mechanisms, to keep these agreements free from political manipulation. Malaysia recommends the creation of an ASEAN-UN Joint Mission to assist Myanmar in drafting a democratic constitution should the Junta capitulate or lose control of the majority of its population centers. Malaysia urges more countries to join international efforts to stabilize the situation and donate humanitarian aid. Malaysia is willing to contribute money and humanitarian aid, as well as partial funding of any UN or ASEAN-UN missions to help stabilize and resolve the crisis within Myanmar.

Works Cited:

https://dppa.un.org/en/mission/special-envoy-myanmar

https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/doctors-dogs-dollars-who-is-giving-aid-myanmar-after-earthquake-2025-03-31/

https://www.kln.gov.my/web/guest/foreign-policy

https://myanmar.un.org/en/305575-unicef-myanmar-humanitarian-situation-report-no-2

https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/Chairmans-Statement-on-ALM-Five-Point-Consensus-24-April-2021-FINAL-a-1.pdf

https://www.unicef.org/emergencies/rohingya-crisis

https://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/myanmar/

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Nigeria
Delegate Name: Liam Ahmad

Special Political Committee
The Situation In Myanmar
The Federal Republic of Nigeria
Liam Ahmad
Forest Hills Eastern High School

Myanmar’s current crisis is a long-standing conflict between military rule, democratic forces, and ethnic minorities. Since the 1962 coup, Myanmar’s military has continuously interfered with democratic processes, such as the 1990 election, embedding its military into power through the Myanmar constitution in 2008, and defeating the NLD government in 2020. Later, in response to the military seizing the NDL, the previous leaders of the NLD started a nationwide revolt and created the NUG, fueled by continuous resentments among ethnic minorities who were promised autonomy decades ago. As these ethic groups progressed throughout the country, the Junta lost a large amount of its territorial control, forcing the Junta to become dependent on drafting for its military to stay in power. However, despite the conflict, a major earthquake measuring 7.7 magnitudes tore throught the country, killing nearly four thousand people and leaving millions more in need of desperate humanitarian aid. While there is a ceasefire that has been declared, military violence still prevails, preventing any further humanitarian support to victims of the earthquake. Nigeria has dealt with military involvement within the government, in which the military violated civil liberties and caused great economic hardship to its citizens. Nigeria condemns the conflict and sees the continuous violence as a great violation of international human rights and humanitarian law.

Nigeria’s position on Myanmar’s current conflict is that exclusion, systemic discrimination, and silence in the face of injustices have no place in today’s world. Nigeria has avidly spoken on the UN floor about the topic, stating that the crisis is a “great injustice” and that the international community has a “moral and legal duty to act decisively.” Furthermore, Nigeria has taken action by voting in favor of an adopted Resolution (A/RES/79/278), adopted a consensus by the HRC advocating on the human rights situation of Rohingya and other minorities, and global commitment to solving the issue, and has backed the International Court of Justice case on genocide charges against Myanmar’s military.

Nigeria seeks a full halt to military operations, safe access to UN humanitarian aid for minorities, internal monitoring of minorities, and safeguards for displaced individuals. Systematic discrimination is a critical problem that Nigeria believes can be mediated through mainly an immediate declaration of mediation and unrestricted humanitarian aid.

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Turkey
Delegate Name: Braden Longstreth

Delegation: Türkiye

Committee: SPECPOL

The Situation in Myanmar

Once Myanmar gained independence after World War II, the country was split up by a diverse number of ethnicities. These different ethnicities each built up their own militia, the Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs). These EAOs started their domestic conflict not too long after independence was declared and have been present ever since. This makes the conflict the longest acting conflict currently in the world. Because of this, the military had control over Myanmar for most of its history, despite losing multiple elections. Recently, the conflict escalated even further with the attempted overthrowing of the National Unity Government (NUG). For the last 4 years, a brutal civil war has been raging throughout Myanmar, with many different competing militias shattering any geopolitical structure that was present. This war in the last couple years alone has caused over 80,000 deaths and over 4 million people to be internally displaced. Along with the violence, the central government has lost its control of about 4/5 of the country and now shares no borders with neighboring countries without being separated by militias. This turn of the geopolitical structure had drastic effects on the economy of Myanmar, by destroying trade with their neighboring countries, and many other international allies (YouTube).

Although Turkey has no relations with Myanmar, they strive to protect each individual country’s sovereignty. By protecting the sovereignty of Myanmar, and strengthening their domestic rights, we can prevent the Chinese influence that could cause a proxy war, or even a regional war. Due to the breaking of the Chinese-initiated ceasefire, the government of China found that the challenge of the Tatmadaw regime went too far. As a diplomatic ally of Myanmar for many decades, they provided support to the Junta militia, with funds and weaponry. This unilateral influence over the Tatmadaw regime, has allowed for a much larger-scale conflict to occur in Myanmar, indicating that a unilateral approach to this conflict isn’t in any countries favor, besides that one country. Türkiye looks to support a multilateral approach to this crisis, specifically through the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), (Civil).

Although this General Assembly cannot force a withdrawal of military support, or even pressure with sanctions, there must be a solution to decrease the unilateral influence of countries in this war. This could be done by creating a joint UN-ASEAN Mediation and Monitoring program for Myanmar. This could allow for an easier and safer mediation process, without the unilateral influence of any countries. The monitoring would also allow the UN to see the flow of weaponry from international allies to certain militias of Myanmar, to assess if retaliation would be needed by different bodies of the UN. A resolution should also reaffirm the principles of non-interference, to ensure that all member states refrain from supplying militias with weapons and supplies and therefore further escalate the conflict.

Work Cited:

“Civil War in Myanmar | Global Conflict Tracker.” Council on Foreign Relations, Council on Foreign Relations, www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/rohingya-crisis-myanmar. Accessed 23 Nov. 2025. 

YouTube, YouTube, www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fjjy0aNEA4w. Accessed 23 Nov. 2025. 

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Thailand
Delegate Name: Asher Stein

Delegate: Asher Stein
School: East Grand Rapids High School
Topic: Situation in Myanmar

Since the military coup on February 1, 2021, Myanmar has faced one of the most severe political and humanitarian crises in Southeast Asia. The Tatmadaw’s overthrow of the elected National League for Democracy (NLD) triggered widespread resistance, followed by the formation of the National Unity Government (NUG) and the escalation of armed conflict across the country. Decades-old ethnic grievances resurfaced as numerous Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs) gained territory and influence. As of 2025, the junta controls only a fraction of the country, and Myanmar’s civil war has intensified alongside worsening humanitarian conditions, particularly after the 7.7 magnitude earthquake in March 2025 that killed thousands and displaced millions. Foreign involvement, resource competition, and obstruction of humanitarian aid have further destabilized the region.
As Myanmar’s immediate neighbor sharing a 2,400-kilometer border, Thailand has long been directly affected by Myanmar’s internal conflicts, including refugee flows, cross-border displacement, and disruptions to trade and border stability. Over the past decades, Thailand has hosted hundreds of thousands of Myanmar refugees, including ethnic minorities fleeing military violence. The renewed conflict has already pushed more civilians toward Thailand’s borders, creating security, humanitarian, and economic challenges. Thailand has also maintained economic, diplomatic, and security relations with Myanmar’s authorities while balancing the need to protect civilians and ensure regional stability. Border provinces such as Tak, Mae Hong Son, and kanchanaburi have been particularly impacted by refugee movements and cross-border fighting.
The United Nations has repeatedly condemned the coup, called for an end to violence, and urged the restoration of democratic governance in Myanmar. General Assembly resolutions emphasize humanitarian access, protection of ethnic minorities, and the prevention of atrocity crimes. The UN has also stressed that all parties must respect international humanitarian law and allow unhindered delivery of aid, particularly after the 2025 earthquake.
Thailand believes that resolving the crisis requires inclusive dialogue, regional cooperation, and humanitarian prioritization. Thailand supports increased UN assistance to ensure humanitarian corridors, monitoring mechanisms, and protections for displaced persons. Thailand calls for strengthening ASEAN’s role, especially the five-point census, to facilitate negotiations and reduce the risk of foreign escalation into a proxy conflict. Thailand further advocates for a future federal democratic framework in Myanmar that guarantees autonomy and safeguards the rights of all ethnic minorities, ultimately, Thailand believes stability can only be achieved through respect for human rights, de-escalation of armed conflict, and a coordinated international effort focused on peace and humanitarian relief.

Works Cited:
https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2025-06/a-hrc-59-57-myanmar-report-auv_0.pdf

https://www.crisisgroup.org/sites/default/files/319-myanmar-coup-ethnic-conflicts.pdf

https://www.crisisgroup.org/sites/default/files/2024-05/b180-myanmar-ethnic-autonomy.pdf

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/japanese-journal-of-political-science/article/can-regime-change-improve-ethnic-relations-perception-of-ethnic-minorities-after-the-2021-coup-in-myanmar/A367225652E7C06BD624ABE2B89A7C17

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: South Africa
Delegate Name: Joseph Cox

Country: South Africa
Delegate: Joseph Cox
School: Williamston High School
Committee: SPECPOL
Topic: Situation in Myanmar

The republic of South Africa views the crisis in Myanmar with profound concern. The illegal overthrowing of a democratically elected leader in a military coup in 2021 and the subsequent civil war has resulted in extreme violations in human rights and the rule of law. South Africa is most concerned with the current humanitarian catastrophe in Myanmar, the negligence in protecting ethnic minorities and the risk of the conflict escalating into a proxy war are extremely concerning and something must be done. It is extremely urgent that the people of Myanmar must live in a state that upholds the tenets of democracy and religious/ethnic minorities can live without threat of mass killings. South Africa urges the international community to come up with a diplomatic and peaceful solution to the ongoing crisis in Myanmar.
South Africa has seen extremely tense and dangerous conflict over ethnic tensions and knows that a peaceful solution is always possible and is always ideal. The transition from the Apartheid era to a more equal era in South African politics showed how peaceful solutions to problems like this must be valued highly. South Africa’s constitutional commitment to human rights and strong democratic values demonstrate that this delegation is dedicated to the end of this crisis in Myanmar. The republic of South Africa supports the ASEAN Five-Point Consensus and the efforts of the United Nations Special Envoy, demanding an immediate cease fire and the release of all political prisoners.
A peaceful solution to this situation is vital for the well being of the people of Myanmar and for the well being of the current geopolitical climate. The republic of South Africa demands an immediate ceasefire and deescalation of the conflict, it is also necessary that access to humanitarian aid is given to those affected by the ongoing crisis. Following the cessation of hostilities and release of political prisoners a convention should be convened which includes all of the major factions and leaders in the current crisis. This convention should be aimed towards creating a new constitution providing civil liberties and a democratic government to all in Myanmar. It is vital that this new constitution defines and guarantees powers to the ethnic states. Inclusive fair negotiation is the only way for the situation in Myanmar to be solved in an efficient and peaceful manner. The UN must ensure that large foreign powers such as the United States of America or the People’s Republic of China cannot intervene in the negotiations and creation of a new constitution so that the beliefs and rights of the people of Myanmar can be fulfilled without foreign interference.

https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/rohingya-crisis-myanmar
https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-briefing-notes/2024/09/report-human-rights-situation-myanmar

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Indonesia
Delegate Name: Ava Gailitis

Country: Indonesia
Delegate: Ava Gailitis
School: Williamston High School
Committee: SPECPOL
Topic: The Situation in Myanmar

The situation in Myanmar is one with a long history. After decades of authoritarian rule, Myanmar held its first open party elections in 1990. When the military party was defeated, however, they denied the election results and overthrew the National League for Democracy (NLD). In 2008, the military regime implemented a new constitution that once again attempted to initiate a government led by the people. In the 2020 elections, however, the military party lost even more seats as the NLD expanded its majority. The military staged a coup, leading to a civil war that still plagues Myanmar today. The military party, known as the junta, is fighting the organized NLD, along with various ethnic groups from around Myanmar. Myanmar has many different ethnic groups, and these groups have experienced much discrimination in the past. They view a lack of democracy as the root of their struggles as a people. As the war has raged on, it has become a more bloody and violent conflict and has also led to a worsening humanitarian crisis.
In regard to this issue, Indonesia has held a major role. As a former chair of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Indonesia has helped to draft the five-point plan, involving peace talks, dialogue, and a ceasefire, as a solution to the conflict. Indonesia also utilized the strategy of “quiet diplomacy,” involving actions such as economic sanctions, and has provided aid to areas that need it. The steps that Indonesia has taken to solve this issue have been limited by ASEAN’s non-intervention clause, forbidding any one country from meddling in the internal affairs of another. This places Indonesia in the position of needing to resolve this issue in Myanmar without directly disobeying ASEAN’s charter.
In the future, Indonesia would like to see more direct solutions to the problem, beginning with a ceasefire and a temporary end to violence. To weaken the military, embargoes on weapons and economic sanctions on the oil industry would be helpful. Concerning Myanmar’s various ethnic groups, Indonesia believes that the best course of action would be to recognize the human rights violations that have been committed against these groups and establish a democracy or council that gives every group a say. In any actions that are taken, it is important to make sure that all or most countries are on board, as this will help measures to be more effective. If only two or three countries decide not to impose a sanction on oil, for example, that could be enough to keep one side from coming to the negotiating table. Indonesia is looking to ally with fellow ASEAN members, and those from the European Union to solve this issue.
https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/indonesia-presses-myanmar-peace-commitments-asean-ministers-meet-2024-07-25/.
https://theconversation.com/myanmar-crisis-highlights-limits-of-indonesias-quiet-diplomacy-as-it-sets-sights-on-becoming-a-great-regional-power-209291#:~:text=In%20April%202021%2C%20a%20few,the%20internal%20crisis%20in%20Myanmar

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Italy
Delegate Name: Olivia Sharp

Country: Italy
Delegate: Olivia Sharp
School: Williamston High School
Committee: SPECPOL
Topic: The Situation in Myanmar

The civil war in Myanmar has become an increasingly large issue. In February of 2021, a war began between the military-backed party, or junta, and the NLD party, or National League for Democracy. This started after the NLD won the general election by a large margin, leading the military to cite the victory as fraudulent and carry out a coup. This started the long conflict that can still be observed today. This conflict has displaced over three million civilians and has caused over seventy-five thousand deaths. The Rohingya, a Muslim ethnic minority, have also been persecuted, facing many examples of systematic abuses like aid blockages to their camps, resulting in death, severe malnutrition and disease, and apartheid, among other actions. In early 2025, an earthquake took place in Myanmar, which further worsened conditions for civilians as it was very difficult to find them aid. The United Nations must take action to help bring an end to this conflict and help the innocent civilians suffering because of it.

Italy feels that the new government established by the military party is illegitimate and strongly opposes it. Additionally, Italy has taken some action to attempt to resolve the issues that have arisen following the coup. Italy has donated one million euros to the Joint Peace Fund, created to aid the population of Myanmar in building peace in the country. Additionally, Italy has contributed one million euros to the Myanmar Humanitarian Fund. The fund’s goal is to enable the growth of humanitarian aid throughout the country and to ease the overall humanitarian crisis. Italy also made donations to the International Federation of the Red Cross or IFRC to help with immediate emergency response to the earthquake.

Italy proposes to have the UN set up rely funds and send humanitarian aid to citizens in the country. The International Humanitarian Law prohibits countries from denying aid to be given to civilians, so the UN must take action. Additionally, both parties must be held responsible for their treatment, using sanctions, of the Rohingya ethnic minority, and the UN must oversee this to help further protect this group of people. Italy hopes that the United Nations will take action on these ideas.

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: France
Delegate Name: Colin Zaremski

Country: France
Committee: SpecPol
Topic: Situation in Myanmar
Delegate: Colin Zaremski
School: Williamston High School

In 2021, Myanmar experienced an event that would shake up and torment the region for its foreseeable future. This saw a military overthrow of the once peaceful democratic country that was set up after the military previously allowed for the peaceful transition to a democratic nation. This military junta aimed to take back control of the country’s government through violent means because of the concerns of outside influence and hatred for groups of people living in the country. Since the coup the muslim Rohingya people of Myanmar have seen an increased level of persecution and violence from the military junta. This kind of violence from the military junta has led to the rise of militant groups in the country and increased violence as well. Since the initial breakout of violence we’ve seen the military junta lose ground in Myanmar and militant groups gain ground rapidly.

France has publicly denounced the military coup. France has provided humanitarian aid to those impacted by this conflict. France has also pushed for the creation of refugee centers outside of Myanmar to help support those who’ve been displaced by the conflict. France has also helped call parties to the negotiating table to achieve peace in the country. Examples of this have been France pushing for peace and steps towards democracy in the country. France has supported humanitarian and peacekeeping missions into Myanmar. While the number of humanitarian aid workers sent to Myanmar is unknown at this time, it is public that France has had close cooperation with local non-governmental organizations to help disburse aid within the country and administer that aid. France believes that democracy is an important step to restoring peace in Myanmar and as such has cooperated with both sides of the conflict to mediate and discuss plans for democracy after peace.

France continues to denounce the military junta and support the creation of a free and democratic Myanmar. Along with this France will continue to support and help lead the charge on many humanitarian missions into Myanmar with cooperation with local non-governmental organizations to administer this aid. France believes in setting up a plan for democracy after the conflict ends and to help Myanmar take steps towards a stable and democratic nation. France heavily encourages the nations of the world to support France in this endeavor but to also join France to help take one step closer to achieving world peace and rights for all.

Works Cited
“Civil War in Myanmar | Global Conflict Tracker.” Council on Foreign Relations, 1 October 2025, https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/rohingya-crisis-myanmar.
“Myanmar – Fifth Anniversary of the General Election (Nov. 8, 2025).” Ministere De L’Europe Et Des Affaires Etrangeres, 8 November 2025, https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/myanmar/news/article/myanmar-fifth-anniversary-of-the-general-election-08-11-25.
“Myanmar’s coup: France Does Not Recognize Any Legitimacy to the New Regime.” Mission Permanente De La France Aupres Des Nations Unies A New York, 29 July 2021, https://onu.delegfrance.org/myanmar-s-coup-france-does-not-recognize-the-new-regime.

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Kazakhstan
Delegate Name: Katherine Petersburg

Country: Kazakhstan
Delegate: Katherine Petersburg
School: Williamson High School
Committee: SPECPOL
Topic: Situation in Myanmar

Since February 1st, 2021, Myanmar has been experiencing a coup. Myanmar has a long history of a struggle for democracy, with its beginning in 1962 when a military coup took place under the pretense of national unity. In 1990, Myanmar held open party elections after many protests and the rise of Aung San Suu Kyi, who led the National League for Democracy (NLD). After the NLD’s landslide victory, the military denied the results and created a new constitution in their favor, while maintaining a civilian government. This led to the NLD forming a new government; however, the military government banished them, forcing them to create the National Unity Government (NUG). Aung San Suu Kyi was later assassinated, and his promises died too. Recently, ethnic minorities have started to rally together to help the NUG in fighting back against the junta. The military junta has taken advantage of the recent 2025 earthquake to attack religious minorities and commit genocide.
Kazakhstan strongly supports the principles of sovereignty, respecting territories, non-interference, and peaceful resolutions. With this being said, human rights, inclusive governance, and the protection of civilian populations are very important to Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan believes we need to take a mixed approach that respects the country while also prioritizing the people’s needs and safety. Kazakhstan has given much aid to the UN humanitarian funds to help support refugees. Kazakhstan has also put in support towards humanitarian aid and will continue to do so.
Kazakhstan would strongly support expanding humanitarian access as well as striving for long term stability. Kazakhstan believes humanitarianism is a very important topic and that it needs to be looked at first. In order to do this, Kazakhstan would be willing to increase funding to provide access to food, shelter, medical care, and education. Kazakhstan would also be willing to assist Myanmar in rebuilding. Kazakhstan strangely believes that we need to take charge in order to guarantee the people’s safety. The people come first because that is what a country is built upon, so when helping Myanmar, Kazakhstan would like to give the people the support they need first and foremost. Kazakhstan would like to work with Russia, China, and the United States.

Works Cited

https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kazakhstan/
https://sacoffice.gov.mm/en/myanmar-kazakhstan-deepen-multi-sector-ties
https://astanatimes.com/2025/10/kazakhstan-pushes-global-action-to-strengthen-humanitarian-law/

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Portugal
Delegate Name: Holden Eldridge

Date 11/18/25

Topic: The situation in Myanmar

Country: Portugal

Delagete: Holden Eldridge

Portugal’s stance on the situation in Myanmar

The delegation of Portugal is deeply concerned by the situation in Myanmar. It is one of the gravest and most disastrous humanitarian crises of our time. Since the military sized control in February of 2021 Myanmar has witnessed a devastating collapse of democratic institutions, the erosion of civil liberties, and an alarming rise in violence against its own citizens. Entire communities have been displaced, peaceful protesters have been met with lethal force, and political leaders have been unjustly detained. Portugal believes that it is crucial for the international community to acknowledge that is not just an internal political dispute: it is a direct assault on the values of human dignity and freedom. Portugal’s position is clear: we firmly condemn the military coup, and the systematic violations of human rights, and the widespread suffering imposed on the people of Myanmar. Our country has long supported democracy and human rights across all regions of the world. We can not stay silent in the face of such brutality. We believe that restoring democratic governance in Myanmar is not only morally vital but much needed to restore stability to the region. The situation threatens to destabilize Southeast Asia through mass displacement, cross-border security, and prolonged civil conflicts.

Portugal recognizes the efforts by the United Nations that have already been taken, including adopted resolutions that condemn the violence. Portugal has consistently supported these efforts and voted in favor of actions that support and uphold human rights. We also highly support the release of politcal prisoners and protection for vulnerable ethnic and religious groups.

The delegation of Portugal believes that an effective solution must involve three main pillars: immediate humanitarian relief, accountability for criminals, and the reestablishment of a stable form of democracy in the country.
Portugal firmly supports the formation of humanitarian corridors and urges all parties to guarantee access to international relief. Portugal also strongly supports the individuals who committed blatant and horrific violations of human rights are brought to justice and tried by an international court. Finally, the establishment of a stable form of government in the country is desperately needed.

In conclusion, the delegation of Portugal is deeply concerned about the situation in Myanmar and feels deeply for its people, and we believe that it is of the utmost importance for these issues to be resolved as soon as possible.

Sources
https://www.ungeneva.org/en/news-media/news/2025/08/109486/myanmar-rights-investigators-reveal-systematic-torture-
https://iimm.un.org/en/mya
nmar-mechanism-advances-its-identification-perpetrators-annual-report?
https://www.ungeneva.org/en/news-media/news/2024/09/97304/un-investigators-warn-widespread-abuses-myanmar-conflict
https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/07/31/myanmar-coup-leads-crimes-against-humanity?

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Argentina
Delegate Name: Savannah Frey

One of the most serious issues concerning the situation in Myanmar is the endangerment of Myanmar’s ethnic minorities because of the conflict that emerged from this civil war. Myanmar’s violent conflict has greatly affected its indigenous people, particularly the Rohingya people; many Rohingya have died or been displaced because they were caught in the crossfire. Fighting has been prominent in Myanmar’s Rakhine state. The war has greatly affected many people, sparking religious persecution and violence. Many Rohingya have been displaced from their homes, either being forced to flee to neighboring countries like Bangladesh, live in refugee camps, or live on the streets because their homes were destroyed. Additionally, many Rohingya have been abducted and forcefully recruited from refugee camps in Bangladesh by armed Rohingya in order to smuggle them back into Myanmar so they can fight for the country’s ruling military junta, the State Administrative Council, against the rebel army, the Arakan Army.

Argentina feels that the Rohingya people should be protected, and the crimes that have been committed against them are direct violations of their human rights. In February of 2025, an Argentine court ruled that both the State Administrative Council, or the SAC, and the Arakan Army are responsible for the brutality committed against the Rohingya. The court issued international arrests for twenty-five total individuals, including twenty-two Burmese military officials and three civilians, for their involvement in the genocide against the Rohingya. The ruling is a portion of Argentina’s larger effort to investigate crimes against humanity committed in Myanmar that violate Argentina’s principle of universal jurisdiction. The principle of universal jurisdiction states that Argentinian investigation allows national courts to prosecute significant international crimes irrespective of the location of the crime. Currently this is the only instance of Argentina’s involvement in Myanmar’s violence, however its significance cements Argentina’s position on this topic.

Argentina greatly supports involvement in helping the Rohingya people of Myanmar reach safety away from the conflict and ending the violence against the people of Myanmar overall. Argentina is going to continue acting under the principle of universal jurisdiction, so as to plausibly reduce the amount of human rights violations committed during the civil war. Argentina is willing to interfere with the sovereignty of the nation of Myanmar if it means protecting as many lives as possible, however Argentina does not want to induce conflict with Myanmar that could lead to conflict between the two countries. Argentina believes that the UN has established sufficient safeguards in order to intervene if drastic violations of human rights of this nature continue to occur, such as providing humanitarian aid and condemning the violence happening in the country. Argentina hopes to work with other like-minded countries that want to help the subjugated people of Myanmar like Bangladesh, the United States, India, and the United Kingdom.

Sources:
https://geographical.co.uk/news/with-usaid-funding-weakened-what-countries-are-supporting-myanmar
https://www.dw.com/en/myanmars-rohingya-caught-in-crossfire-of-civil-war/a-69992809#:~:text=As%20Myanmar%27s%20civil%20war%20intensifies,situation%20leaves%20them%20increasingly%20vulnerable.&text=With%20the%20civil%20war%20in,Rohingya%20refugee%20camps%20in%20Bangladesh
https://www.jurist.org/news/2025/02/argentina-court-issues-arrest-warrants-for-myanmar-military-officials-over-rohingya-genocide/
https://glica.org/glimun/committees/situation-in-myanmar/

Topic: 2025 – Situation in Myanmar
Country: Poland
Delegate Name: Elouise Kampfschulte-Geary

Committee: Special Political and Decolonization Committee (SpecPol)
Topic: 2025-The Situation in Myanmar
Country: Poland
Delegate name: Elouise Kampfschulte-Geary
School: City High Middle School

The conflict in Myanmar and severe humanitarian crisis following the military coup in 2021 is ongoing, and Poland has pledged full support to the nation since before the civil crisis. Poland has had established diplomatic relations with Myanmar since 1955, but after the Polish uprising against communist rule in 1988, the connections between the two countries became practically inactive. Poland has fully supported Myanmar since their reforms began, and has been a priority country of Polish development policy since 2016.

The Polish Reform Mission to Myanmar began in 2011 and is the Polish initiative to provide support for Myanmar in its political and economic transformation where they provide expertise from experience in transitioning from a communist government to a democracy. As an aid to their transition, the Polish Aid Project was signed to support the training of journalists in Myanmar to foster free public media. Poland also provides Myanmar with health and educational assistance by giving students scholarships to study in Poland and access to all levels of education and quality healthcare programs which prioritize women and children, all critical during their humanitarian crisis. Poland has engaged in timber trade with Myanmar since 2021, and many lawmakers and EU officials have urged the country to make import regulations stricter and increase their scrutiny of firms providing the timber, or to completely cut off the engagement, since it financially supports the military junta who has occupied Myanmar since the same year the imports started.

Having gone through the same steps of independence, Poland could do even more to respond to the conflicts and harsh conditions in Myanmar. Cutting off timber imports while supporting their already standing programs with more funding would weaken the military coup, and strengthen the people in Myanmar. Continuing to call for a peaceful resolution, such as those led by ASEAN, would not only encourage the action of it happening, but also improve Poland’s image among other UN countries and give Poland more status to continue aiding Myanmar.

Position papers for GLIMUN 2025 will appear above this line, with the newest being at the top.