Future of Cyber Warfare

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Afghanistan
Delegate Name: David Fairfield
School: Roeper School

Afghanistan has, over the past few years, fallen victim to cyber attacks perpetrated by the governments of various nations and affiliated groups and has seen firsthand the destruction such attacks can effect.

Afghanistan defines cyberwarfare as attempts at sabotage or espionage performed through use of the internet against a nation and it’s people that is committed by the government of another nation, a group affiliated with it, or a hostile organization that is allowed to exist by that government.

Afghanistan believes that cyberwarfare, when engaged in during a time of peace should be considered a criminal act and subject for review in the International Court of Justice. If engaged in during a time of war between the two or more parties involved should be considered military action unless it is deemed unnecessarily violent in which case it should be considered a war crime, as would chemical or biological warfare.

Afghanistan believes the only way to prevent further cyber attacks and the destruction that may come with them would be to set international standards defining cyber warfare and the consequences of unprovoked cyber attacks. Although it would strongly condemn the use of cyberwarfare in most cases, Afghanistan would, to a certain extent not be opposed to the use of cyberwarfare to avoid physical warfare if it did not harm the people of the targeted nation irreparably. However, in order not to be considered criminal acts, such cyber attacks would have to be deemed justified by the international community. Also, Afghanistan would promote that countries internally regulate their industries to assure they have a certain amount of cyber security and are not extremely vulnerable to cyber attack, especially industries such as banks, oil companies, water systems, or energy providers which, if damaged, could greatly affect the security of an entire nation.

Afghanistan’s views on the subject of cyberwarfare are similar to those of most Middle Eastern countries as well as other select nations around the world.

Afghanistan remains fully committed to working to resolve the threat of cyberwarfare and hopes an international consensus can be reached with regards to the topic at hand.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Argentina
Delegate Name: Connor Helakoski
School: Mattawan High School

Times are changing. The world is shrinking, and as it does it becomes clearer and clearer that computers and technology are becoming some of the most powerful weapons on the battlefield. Countries store their secrets, technological, militaristic, and many others. This can potentially make a nation extremely vulnerable if they are hacked. Hackers and their viruses are becoming stronger every day, secrets are becoming less and less safe. The country of Argentina has fairly recently begun to start establishing serious cyber warfare defenses after some attacks in 2010. They are developing several defense programs to protect themselves in the future. It needs to be the United Nations duty to ensure cyber security is not only taken seriously, but is also helped to develop. Laws and treaties need to be made to help prevent cyber attacks in the first place. In a perfect world cyber defense wouldn't be necessary, but unfortunately we don't live in perfect world. Cyber attacks are very real and very serious. If most countries can ally against cyber attacks, then most countries would become much safer. It would be much easier to defend a nation from attacks when most countries are a part of a treaty against cyber attacks. Cyber warfare is becoming more and more prominent in our world today, and will continue to do so. To prepare for the future defenses against cyber attacks must be taken, and to ensure as many countries as possible remain safe, the United Nations need to help push through treaties, and encourage cyber defenses.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Azerbaijan
Delegate Name: Jack Bennett
School: Royal Oak High School

As a nation whose ambitions include the continued development of a more technically advanced infrastructure, the rise in the phenomenon known as cyber warfare is a particularly pressing topic. Among the qualities that make cyber warfare so difficult to address are the anonymity with which such hostilities may be carried out and the varied nature of the activities being performed. For example, a “Cyber Attack” may consist of anything from causing deliberate and permanent damage to a nation’s infrastructure to a mere retrieval of secret information. It is this lack of clear dichotomy between and act of war and an act of espionage that make preceding policy for either potentially inapplicable these incidents. Even further is the potential for non-state actors to engage in such activities. On a purely practical note, what actions can the UN take to investigate such activities so that they can be more thoroughly understood and classified?

Ideally, under conditions where a non-state actor is identified as the perpetrator of a procedure which is designed to cause damage or disruption to a nation’s government or technological infrastructure, the UN should view these as the acts of insurgents. Similarly, such an act which is carried out by a sovereign nation against another should be viewed similarly to an act of war. However, because the perpetrators of cyber attacks are so often indiscernible, it is not practical for the UN to take action without first investigating the effects and causes if these incidents. It is for this reason that Azerbaijan would be in support of the authorization and promotion of an international investigative body to shed light on cyber attacks while maintaining the sovereignty of any involved states.

The Republic of Azerbaijan sees further understanding of the exact nature of individual cyber incidents as the key to their gravity on the international stage as well as the basis upon which the international community’s responses should be shaped. The facilitation of investigation into cyber attacks is vital. We maintain an optimistic stance on the future of its own technological infrastructure and of the worlds. It is this that steels Azerbaijan’s resolve even further toward protecting it.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Bangladesh
Delegate Name: Emma Lincoln
School: Forest Hills Northern High School

Our current world relies on technology for just about everything. The government relies on using the internet and other computer programs to store information and also to receive and send coded messages. This was safe at one time, until enemies started to find ways inside. Enemies now have another way to attack and to create more advantages for themselves. There are countless ways that people use to create destruction when sending viruses and this creates a very unsafe online world. The government has become too reliant on this online world to hold all of their codes and tactics and they have been paying the price. Cyber warfare has become so dangerous and common that it is almost worse than real physical attack.

The most difficult factor of cyber warfare is trying to figure out who is at fault. Many governmental and non-governmental websites have been hacked and the victimized nations have been struggling with knowing who to blame. Bangladesh has been involved in an incident such as this. Between the years 2001 and 2011, nearly 1,000 Bangladeshi were killed at the borders between India and Bangladesh. Indian officials had argued that the border was misused by illicit traders and also for illegal migration. To top it all off, the deaths caused by India’s Border Security Forces (BSF) were caused by a “cyber war.” With the issue of the border being misused, there was an estrangement between Bangladesh and India. In retaliation to the deaths issued by the BSF, a group that termed itself the “Bangladesh Cyber Army” resorted to using cyber warfare to get back at India. They defaced over 5,000 Indian websites including the website for India’s Border Security Forces. When the government of Bangladesh was asked to comment on the issue, they condemned the Bangladesh Cyber Army and claimed to have no part in hacking into any of the Indian websites.

In regards to the future of cyber warfare, Bangladesh believes it is not entirely in the UN’s control. The UN should come up with a way to clearly define what a cyber-attack really is. It is the UN’s responsibility to develop a plan for the punishment of cyber hackers, whether the hacking be issued by the government of the country or not.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Barbados
Delegate Name: Erich Hairston
School: Williamston High School

1) In less than a decade, there has been a rise in a new kind of warfare, “Cyber Warfare.” It has allowed countries to attack one another through a computer, not by killing but by hacking and stealing without knowing who attacked. An example of a cyber-attack is the Stuxnet worm, which disabled Iranian nuclear missiles and caused them to malfunction. It is thought to be designed by the United States and Israel but there is no way of knowing. As a developing country, Barbados has been able to use the internet to help its people and government, so this issue is very important to our country. Although the internet and computers can be a very helpful tool, they cannot be used to harm other nations; Reforms should be passed to protect countries against such attacks but should not interfere with the nation’s sovereignty.

2) The country of Barbados has an interest in the issue because it is a developing country and has used the internet to help it succeed. Originally the internet was used to share information and but now it is being used to steal information and disrupt nations defenses. Barbados is very strong on maintaining national sovereignty, so the laws and reforms against cyber warfare should only be for countries attacking other countries and not affect how a nation manages itself. Cyber warfare has only come into being in the last ten years; controlling it will be not only good for protecting nations but also protecting the world. These reforms need to be passed for the protection and safety of not just Barbados but all other developing and developed countries.

3) Barbados would propose to resolve this issue by helping pass reforms and laws against cyber warfare. These will help protect against incidents like the Stuxnet worm and other threats by nations. However, we do not want to infringe on a countries national sovereignty or make a nation feel force in to these reforms. Barbados does not support any type of reform that interferes with national sovereignty. We would expect to find support from the United Kingdom, the United States, and any other developing nations with a situation similar to Barbados.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Brazil
Delegate Name: Benjamin Hall
School: Forest Hills Northern High School

As the world flattens, it becomes ever more evident that computers and the internet are extremely powerful tools. More and more information is being stored online electronically, especially vital government information. This creates vulnerability and gives terrorism another outlet to attack. Countless factions of nations culture are becoming centered around technology such as economy, government, and military. With new methods of hacking and potentially deadly viruses, the online word that many governments and nations rely on, is not safe. The distinction between cyber and physical attacks are starting to disappear as the effects of a cyber attack are becoming ever more consequential and destructive.

Cyber warfare is taken very seriously in the Nation of Brazil. The nation's military has created a Cyber Defense Center, a subsection of the military. The army has taken such measures as teaming up with Panda Security, using Panda to train their military’s cyber warfare agents and protect 37,500 of the army’s computers. The Brazilian agents will be trained to recognize and investigate, and ultimately prevent cyber-attacks. The army has purchased new software for security and protection against cyber attacks. It is Brazil’s view that cyber warfare must be taken very seriously and its consequences can be devastating; cyber attacks should be treated as any other military attack and should be dealt with the same vigour of law as any other attack. It is also the responsibility of every nation to make cyber warfare a top priority in their military.

It is therefore the job of the United Nations to encourage cyber warfare defense and to guide treaties and laws that will hinder the possibility of cyber attacks. The UN should punish convicted cyber hackers and attackers with the same harshness and strictness as any other terrorist would be. Through discussion and diplomacy, the United Nations can best serve the world's nations in protecting themselves electronically.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Cameroon
Delegate Name: Isabel Todoroff
School: Ann Arbor Community High School

Cameroon believes that cyber warfare is a threat. It has already been seen before with the United States and Iran. Cyber warfare is what has come of new technologies and more countries using technology and internet. This is not to say that countries shouldn’t use new technologies, only that these technologies should be closely monitored and protected.

The United Nations should do their best to insure that countries files and information is safe. Also, there should be firewalls and other anti virus programs set up to stop countries from hacking into each other’s internet.

Cameroon itself has never had any problems with cyber warfare, but that doesn’t mean that it’s not a threat. Every country should be aware that cyber warfare can and probably will happen eventually. No country is truly safe. Strict rules and punishments should be made for countries that attempt cyber warfare. Countries should be aware of the punishments and problems with cyber warfare. Everyone should know, and everyone should try and stop it. The United Nations should help countries protect themselves.

Cameroon itself has never had any problems with cyber warfare, but that doesn’t mean that it’s not a threat. Every country should be aware that cyber warfare can and probably will happen eventually. No country is truly safe. Strict rules and punishments should be made for countries that attempt cyber warfare. Countries should be aware of the punishments and problems with cyber warfare. Everyone should know, and everyone should try and stop it. The United Nations should help countries protect themselves.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Canada
Delegate Name: Dimi Tcholakov
School: Fishers High School

Canada is concerned about the potential threat of cyber warfare. As technology develops, new ways to attack computer systems will be created. The difficulty of tracing, predicting, and preparing for such attacks makes it imperative that the possibilities of this frontier are examined carefully. The different types of attacks can be created by independent organizations, as well as nations. The increasing access of the world to the internet allows for many more people to also become a possible threat to the security and stability of the world. Terrorist organizations could use this new avenue of attack, and this threat is increasing as technology spreads and becomes more advanced.

Several examples of the increasing possibilities of cyber warfare are worrying to Canada. The Stuxnet virus shows how quickly a virus can be improved and how focused it can become. This new focus of nations to create their own defenses against threats such as Stuxnet, as well as to create similar programs could cause an increase in the rate at which malicious software advances. An arms race in this field would not be beneficial to the world. However, it is the responsibility of governments to protect their citizens from attacks on the nation’s infrastructure. These defenses need to be reviewed from the point of view of individuals, as well as nations. The different capabilities of these two groups means that a wide set of protections must be put into place.

Canada is ready to agree to several solutions to address the new problem of cyber warfare. First, more information needs to be obtained about the current capabilities of cyber criminals. In order to adequately create legislation that handles cyber warfare, terms need to be defined. The difference between criminal actions that are caused by individuals need to be differentiated from attacks made by nations with the intent to cause harm to other governments. This second group of attacks can be considered an act of war, and carry much more consequences as a result. The ability to recognize the differences between these attacks is important for a country to respond correctly. Secondly, countries need to become more organized in defense against cyber threats. Terrorist organizations could seek to take advantage of this new form of attack to cause damage to a country. By having a shared network of information, such attacks can be foreseen and steps can be taken to mitigate their effects.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Central African Republic
Delegate Name: John Bradtke
School: Mattawan High School

With the entire world entering an age of technology, we are more dependent on computers than ever before. With this increased usage, the relatively new issue of cyber warfare arises. This concept of warfare through use of computers is targeted at government data that, if tampered with, can have a catastrophic effect on the economy, military, and the overall population. Software such as computer viruses can disrupt an entire nations telecommunication network and cause turmoil. These worms and viruses are so difficult to trace, and can be so crippling, that questions about exactly how to classify cyber attacks have come up. The differences between criminal acts and military acts are becoming less and less obvious.

The Central African Republic sees that cyber warfare as a threat to national security. Although the Central African Republic has only 2.3% of the population with internet access, and compared to other nations, is less dependent on technology, it is still a dangerous issue. Cyber attacks should be classified according to the circumstances under which they occur.

To combat this rising problem of cyber warfare the United Nations must encourage countries to together. Implementing stricter guidelines could help to deter future cyber attacks. Also, defining a more rigid way of classifying cyber attacks would ensure that punishment is always fitting. These hackers, whether they be government or civilian, should be treated as other terrorists would be. By taking these steps, the United Nations could keep every nations network safe and secure, and even possibly discourage future attacks from occurring.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: China
Delegate Name: Harrison Watson
School: Flint Southwestern Classical Academy

In recent years the world has become more and more under the influence of computers. This development of technologies, and reliance on it, has opened up a new terrain of warfare: “Cyber Warfare”. With more computer controlled, and technology oriented governments, militaries, economies, and populations, the threat of major cyber attack has become all too imminent. As technology becomes more available to the population, rogue hackers and organizations have found it easier to gain access, and to terrorize the online world. New and ingenious viruses are becoming a reality, and the line between Cyber war and actual military action has become less defined. Incidents such as the Stuxnet virus infiltration of Iranian nuclear plants will become more common, and the difference between government cyber attack, and rogue hackers is near impossible to discern.

This is an especially sensitive subject in our (The Peoples Republic of China) case, simply because we have the largest internet using community in the world. The Peoples Republic of China is a strong believer in national sovereignty, and believes that each nation’s restrictions and policies should be its own, therefore no international laws infringing on national sovereignty on the subject of internet policies should be in place. Furthermore, the prevention of cyber attacks is directly affected by the policies and protection put in place by each nation. We, the Peoples Republic of China see cyber warfare directed by foreign nations to be a major security threat, more so than ever before. Government cyber attacks should be classified as cyber warfare, and will warrant an immediate retaliation upon the same medium. It will be the job of the United Nations to discern the responses warranted by attacks (which should be completely determined by the sovereign state), and to which extremes it should be classified as. Cyber attacks acted upon the civilians of a nation will also be addressed by the United Nations, and what measures are to be taken against the offending nation(s), and what measures are to be taken in order to prevent any such attack. The difference between a government attack and a group of rogue cyber criminals will have to be discerned, much like the difference between a hostile nation and terrorist organization has been defined.

We, The Peoples Republic of China have the largest population of internet users, as well as a highly technology oriented government. The havoc reaped by such acts as cyber terrorism and cyber warfare must be avoided at all cost, and punished if not avoided. However, the restrictions enacted upon a people should be up to the Sovereign nation acting upon the people.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Colombia
Delegate Name: Josephine Hamilton
School: Ann Arbor Community High School

Violence in Colombia is high right now due to narcotic warfare. There is a war on drugs currently keeping the army on duty. Colombia is in the top 3 countries producing cocaine. Its ally the United States is the largest consumer at 150 to 160 tons a year. In the past years, the violence has gone down as the guerrillas have lost some of their territory to the government but it hasn't stopped them from keeping their trade up. The Colombian air force is very aware of this and monitors guerrilla activities closely. Their army is very strong and the use of cyber warfare for them would be helpful but is not needed currently. As the U.S. states as they have a Cyber Command, it is to monitor others and safeguard their own military assets.

The narco-submarine is used a lot which is a ocean going self propelled submarine transporting most commonly cocaine overseas. This submarine is difficult to track by radar, so is easily missed. Colombia is in a position right now with problems of drugs, but the reality is this is not in the air, the drug problem is on the ground for the most part. For Colombia to compete with its neighbors and to stay up in the game cyber warfare would be supported and they would not hesitate to use it. Having the option of cyber warfare and being ready is supported but no action has been taken by the country to utilize the weapon.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Congo
Delegate Name: Dario Zullo
School: Ann Arbor Community High School

For years, technological jumps in cyber warfare have been occurring throughout the world. These leaps in technology no longer requires a frontal attack, but rather from virtually anywhere. Governments around the world are investing in this “new” form of warfare. Cyber warfare has opened up a whole new issue for militaries around the world. Now terrorists (hackers) can sabotage a nation from within, using only online hacking. If these new, long ranged cyber warfare is used for the wrong reasons, the damages will not only be great of also almost untraceable.

Congo produces 70% of the world's coltan a metal commonly used to make computers. As a mineral rich country, Congo has met the worlds demand for metals and other products found in the recent technological advances. Congo is the world’s largest producer of copper ore and produces 8% – 10% of the worlds tin. Both of these metals are ingredients for military weapons. The mining industry is Congo’s major export in goods. Newer technology benefits Congo’s economy. Only 3.9% of citizens in the DRC have internet access. The chances a terrorist attack through the web becoming a major impact on Congo’s economy is near nil. Despite this, the DRC still considers the possibility. Nations, such as the US whom citizens have built their lives around technology and the internet are the most at risk of terrorism. Social networking websites such as Facebook or Myspace where ones personal information can be accessed by anybody have become cases of identity theft by hackers. Furthermore, hackers who choose undertake the process of identity theft are nearly untraceable.

New cyber technology has changed the way war is fought. Countries to fight their wars with machines, controlled by pilots hundreds of miles away. Predator drones now allow one to fire a pinpoint hellfire missile from across the globe. Because of the lack of funding to the DRC’s military, large quantities of cyber technology are too expensive for the Congo’s government. Despite this, Congo still thinks that cyber warfare is the best for protection of citizens. Despite this, Stanford Study Law realised that up to 2% of the deaths caused by drones were civilian casualties. Deaths of citizens from any man controlled war machine is extremely unacceptable for any country.

Cyber warfare is crucial for the development of nations, along with this, terrorists have found a new way to attack a nation from within. Nation should take caution from attacks occurring over the web. If in a time of war, a Nation chooses to use cyber warfare. The Cyber warfare rules should be abided at all times.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Costa Rica
Delegate Name: Olof Carlson
School: Ann Arbor Community High School

For the past years, the influence of computers and the internet has increased drastically. However, just like any other revolutionary technology, there are people who are now using it in a malicious style. Terrorist groups, as well as nations, are now using computers for espionage, control, and military actions; this is known as “Cyber Warfare”, a term which we will grow quite familiar with if actions are not taken against it. Costa Rica, although a docile nation with no intentions of war, will have no tolerance for cyber attacks due to our close alliance with China.

China, being of the largest users of the internet, is a country which cyber warfare could affect highly. By inserting virus’s and other programs, offenders may be able to shut down the power of whole towns. With regards to our close relationship with China, Costa Rica considers cyber warfare as offensive as any other military action which disrespects a nation’s boundaries. The actions taken against the initiator of the cyber attack depends on if the group was government, extremist, or even personally sponsored; and an investigation should be made prior to any action taken against said initiator.

Just like the kind of war of which we have seen since the dawn of time, cyber warfare has a large variety of fields. These fields include, but are not limited to: espionage, sabotage, or assault. Virus’s can be used to extract information, or shut down a system. Costa Rica believes that the culprit of the cyber attack, should be tried and dealt with in the same manners as a culprit of the physical equivalent crime would, i.e., if a virus is set to actions in order to gain classified intel, it should be dealt with in the same way as if i spy, with the same intentions, would be if caught.

In order to prevent future cyber warfare, Costa Rica suggests treaties to be signed, establishing the criteria of cyber warfare, how it should be punished, and to respect other nation’s cyber boundaries as well as their physical. Cyber warfare, in the end, will have the same devastating effect as a traditional war would, and so we must treat it as one, as well as exercising the same precautions in order to prevent it.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Croatia
Delegate Name: Amber Ung
School: Ann Arbor Community High School

Technology has become a huge factor in today’s world. The new age emcompasses technology to a very large degree. Many people have access to the worldwide web and all of the information being fed into the internet. The rise of computer intelligence, access to the internet, and hackers pose a threat to all those victim to cyber attacks.

Croatia believes cyber attacks directed at a government from another government would be an act of declaring war and military action could be a response, but it is up to the victim on how to proceed with the problem. Of course, violence should be a last resort and countries should work together to prevent cyber attacks through better cyber defense and laws that prevent or punish such attacks. An attack on the government or state from a non-governmental perpetrator should be acknowledged as a criminal offense with a punishment for the government under attack to decide. This would be terrorism and punishable by the will of the victim country. In the case of neither the victim or perpetrator being a government, it is up to the law of the perpetrator’s country to decide what is a formitable punishment for the attack that is committed.

The safety of humans should be a priority to all countries. When the safety of the citizens are compromised due to cyber activity, action needs to be taken to prevent an outbreak of chaos. For example, the trailer of an anti-Muslim movie was released on YouTube and promoted by an assortment of right-wing Christians in the United States. Protests against this movie had spread to more than two dozen in a time span of a week. This caused violent protest crowds across the Middle East with over thirty deaths, including the murder of US officials. This film is not a criminal offense, although it is extremely offensive. This is a situation where the offended party needs to take action to help contain the riots. They can work together with people and parties involved to compromise and possibly censor the video to protect the people.

Cyber attacks are criminal offenses if committed by a non-governmental perpetrator and if they infringe on either countries laws/ rights. The laws of the home country of the perpetrator are more significant in cases of conflicting laws. When cyber attacks are committed by a government toward another government, it is a call for military action as a last resort. Parties must converse and compromise to help prevent and resolve cyber attacks to ensure the safety of all.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Cuba
Delegate Name: Lexie Hermosura
School: Mattawan High School

Over the course of time, people have created many technologies, which has lead to a world that is highly influenced by computers. Cyber warfare has become an eminent threat to many nations because technology has become open to more and more people. This allows other countries to break into a nation’s networks or systems to deliberately cause damage and commotion. It is presented in many forms and can be as simple as a restriction to the access of data, which consequently prevents access to certain websites. It has the potential to shut down businesses, and to destroy power plants. It has come to the Republic of Cuba’s attention that new, dexterous viruses are developing every day, and it is only a matter of time until Cuba may face an attack of this nature.

Cuba is very involved with the issue of cyber warfare; we see it as an imminent affair just waiting to happen. Therefore, we are preparing for — and in some cases are already prepared for — an attack. Because of new technologies unfolding around the world, we believe that we should be up to par with all of the other nations; a more appropriate term for this would be cyber defense. We believe that such attacks should be classified as espionage; the entirety of cyber war is its cunning ability to leave little to no traces and is often authorized by the government. The decision to determine how such attacks should be responded to will remain as a job of the United Nations. The Republic of Cuba would like for other nations to take responsibility for attacks that originate inside of their borders and to take responsibility for any cyber attacks that they have created, or otherwise hosted.

We, the Republic of Cuba, are already involved and prepared for any cyber attacks that may occur in the future. The terrible events (for example, the Stuxnet sabotage that the US inflicted upon Iran) caused by such measures have only pushed us to defend our country. Cuba’s cyber war technologies exist for protection. If anything were to happen, we would have the ability to strike back instead of accepting an easy defeat. Nations should, therefore, take the responsibility for the crimes they have committed through cyber attacks.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Czech Republic
Delegate Name: Sam Meyers
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

The United Nations should take cyber attacks very seriously. Cyber attacks can be just as damaging and threatening as military action and are even easier in the fact that it only takes one hacker to create a virus that could destroy infrastructure and cause mass chaos. The world as we know it is rapidly becoming more networked and connected via internet. More people have access to more information and data than ever before. As countries governments become more technologically up to date they are relying on electronic databases and the internet more. This makes possibly sensitive information very vulnerable to cyber attacks. Governments economies, militaries, and politics are now becoming targets for cyber terrorism and cyber warfare. The recent development and discovery of viruses such as the stuxnet worm have shown the vulnerability to cyber attack and the need for more adequate cyber defense.

Cyber attacks are very serious and should be considered serious threats. A cyber attack by one hacker may be considered a terrorist attack and a cyber attack by hackers backed by government should be considered similar to military action. regardless, a way to classify these threats needs to be developed. possibly with different threat levels. There needs to be a way to discriminate between cyber terrorism and a cyber attack by a government.

Cyber Warfare is becoming an ever increasing threat and the United Nations can not stay idle in the face of this danger. The United Nations needs to decide on ways to classify cyber attacks so they can be addressed with accordingly.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Dominican Republic
Delegate Name: Brent Palarz
School: Mattawan High School

With about 37% of the population using the internet in the Dominican Republic, security from cyber attacks is not as much of a threat in the Dominican Republic as it is in the more developed countries. However, internet usage in the Dominican Republic has risen 16% from 2007 and is continuing to rise. With internet usage slowly but surely rising, cyber attacks will certainly become more of a concern as technology use increases and spreads in the Dominican Republic.

This ever-increasing threat of cyber attacks is not a problem to be taken lightly nor should perpetrators be treated as such. Using one's computer to hack and tamper with or sabotage another state, if performed by a state actor in times of peace is undoubtedly an act of terrorism. If the cyber attack is performed by a state actor during times of war or aggression, it can be seen as a military action. Finally, if the hacker is not a state actor and hacks into a nation's system, it can be considered a criminal act. The Dominican Republic believes that it is each nation's government's responsibility to protect their people and infrastructure from cyber attacks. When it is a state actor committing a cyber attack against another state, the Dominican Republic believes that the United Nations must intervene and decide sanctions against the perpetrating country. In the event that it is a non-state actor performing a cyber attack against a nation, the criminal's justice is at the state's discretion.

To conclude, the United Nations should intervene and work together when a cyber attack is deemed either a terrorist act or as military action against another state. While the Dominican Republic is not necessarily a technological wonder or of great risk of cyber attacks, it is strongly in support of uniting and fighting back at cyber attacks.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Egypt
Delegate Name: Vera Kotlyar
School: Fishers High School

The generation we live in now is one where technology controls the majority of all our lives. Developed nations are ones that show advanced technology to use in their daily social and governmental aspects. Through this advancement in technology, though, comes a weapon that can be much stronger and deadlier than atomic bombs—cyber warfare. Since technology is so prevalent in most governments around the world, comes the large risk that these governments can come upon when in face with their enemies. Cyber warfare is a large aspect that governments in developed nations must face, and cyber security is a growing popularity amongst these countries. Since tensions between countries become more and more frequent, governments need to find ways to protect their countries against more subtle threats, such as viruses that can affect entire societies and dismantle countries with just a click of a button.

The country of Egypt expresses their worry for cyber warfare in other countries. Although our own cyber security is not the most technological, there are countries that we ally with that are in danger against other nations to protect their own national secrets and establish a tougher cyber protection. Depending on the severity of the cyber crime, it should be treated as either espionage or military crime, for government secrets that are breached show a dismantling of a government’s security, which correlates with military action. Cyber attacks may not be justified in any manner, for a country that uses cyber warfare to gain advantage over another country’s resources is the same as waging any physical war on a country. It will be met with retaliation and will disrupt the peace of the nations involved.

The necessary measures that need to be taken when a cyber attack occurs change for every country and every year that technology advances. Egypt would be willing to aid in the advancement of finding ways to protect nations and their resources against cyber attacks that could jeopardize the economies and security of other countries. With the rate of technology increasing annually, it is important to understand the importance that cyber security is to nations that could be at risk of an attack. The UN needs to work with nations and establish a means to protect all countries from threats of cyber warfare. It is imperative that more and more countries understand the consequences that cyber warfare can have and express more interest in finding ways to battle these threats and the dangers that come with them.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: France
Delegate Name: Emma Stout
School: Royal Oak High School

Since the discovery of the Stuxnet virus and other similar viruses like Flame cyber warfare has become a very real and pressing issue. Countries are racing to protect themselves against and arm themselves with the tools in order to be prepared for this new form of warfare. It’s important in this new era of virus and covert attacks where it isn’t easily discernible who the perpetrator is or in some cases even the target, the international community comes together and forms an inclusive plan for dealing with this new form of attack. It is important that we have an accepted way to deal with this often murky issue.

In the past few years France has been the victim of some of these cyber threats, and as such as made changes to how we deal with these attacks. We have added to our military specific training for our young army officers just coming out of training. Our military school Saint-Cyr Coëtquida’s focuses are on providing on the job instruction, creating a high ranking research program and setting up a center of cyber defense. In our governmental program we have seven areas of action, that we believe could be adopted by the international community to strengthen our world defense systems. Those areas of action are anticipating and analyzing cyber-attacks, detection, alerting and responding to these attacks, advancing our technical knowledge, protecting state information systems and critical infrastructures such as power grids, adapt legislation to the changing needs of nations up against cyber-attacks and defense, create international collaboration and keep communication lines open in order to inform and collaborate.

Certain steps should be taken by the international community in order to ready ourselves for the coming storm of cyberwarfare. We need to set up a network of communication and cooperation to create a unified front against these dangers. Focusing on preparation and education the world community will benefit from a group effort. Where the perpetrators are often not sponsored by any government or group, having the tools to locate the guilty party is difficult, but necessary. By sharing techniques and tools and with appropriate training and practice we can create a world better prepared to face the growing threat. We must make sure training is key in our mission, creating professionals able to protect our nations from cyber warfare and the like. Making the study and prevention of cyber warfare a topic in military training as France has done, we can be better prepared to face the growing numbers of threats. As unified nations we must create a network of defense working closely with groups such as the European Union and frameworks such as created by NATO should be widely adopted. In order to maintain communication and advancement France would like to see forums held with United Nations leadership, where pressing issues can be discussed such as what the role of cyber warfare will be in conflicts, establishing rules and regulations for all countries to follow in the creation of cyber weapons, and new standards of information security.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Germany
Delegate Name: Daniel Lance
School: Forest Hills Northern High School

Cyber warfare is the final frontier of combat. Today, nation's computer networks are their most vital resources, and the most easily attacked. A child in his basement may sometimes pose more threat to a nation’s security than that nations enemy country. However, the nation of Germany is firm in the belief that the most effective means of dealing with these types of attacks is to master them for ourselves, and treat them as a new form of weapon, benefiting whichever nation designs the best cyber defense mechanisms.

This is not to say, however, that nations need go about attacking each other’s central intelligence mainframes on a whim. In fact, it may soon come to be that hostile attacks by other nations on Germany’s information systems will be considered an act of war. But, bearing this in mind, we must be cautious whom we declare war on. As was mentioned earlier, a child in his basement may pose as much of a cyber threat as a hostile nation, and certainly a teenager trying to crash a government web-page just to see if he can need not have war declared upon him and his household. This is why Germany is creating, internally, the National Cyberdefence Counsel (NCDC).

The NCDC will be primarily responsible for the protection of Germany’s information centers, and will have no offensive capabilities. It will be responsible for preventing cyber attacks, detecting those that occur, classifying them as “Military,” “Non-Military,” and “Hostile,” or “Non-Hostile,” then it will report its results to the German Federal Office of Information Security.

Then, it will be the responsibility of one or more of many government agencies to react: either the German Federal Police, the Foreign Intelligence Agency, the German Military, or certain contracted businesses from German Industry. Any of these agencies (excluding private industry) may react with a physical retaliation as well as any and all cyber defense protocol which may be soon put in place by the NCDC. This may seem elaborate, but it is necessary to protect the privacy of information of all nations, as well as to prevent unnecessary war.

As of now, it is unfortunate that there appears to be little we can do to prevent these kinds of acts without infringing on the individual freedoms of our citizens or the national sovereignty of other nations. However, in those types of attacks from private entities, the trend appears to be that attacks occur due to a perceived dishonesty or secret held by the attacked government, and international cyber attacks are nearly all carried out for the same reasons on a grander scale. Germany would never promote the declassification of all government secrets, however, it would appear that a greater degree of transparency in all governmental actions would alleviate some of the reasons for these attacks.

In short, in these coming years, the nation of Germany would look incredibly fondly upon the furthering of this technology so long as it is viewed as a weapon of war, but Germany would also be very concerned with any actions that did not also attempt to alleviate the suspicions that are so clearly the cause for these cyber attacks.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Guatemala
Delegate Name: Nicholas Greanias
School: Saginaw Arts and Sciences Academy

Cyber warfare is something that we need to control now. If we do not, a cyber war could rage and it will be devastating for all. With advancements in technology, the threat will only get bigger. There are already groups who have hacked into confidential files. But also, with the drastic measures that will have to be taken to protect information, and to try to prevent a cyber war, we also must not take it far enough that it hinders the citizens internet usage.

Cyber warfare can also lead to real war. While precautions are already being taken, we need to do everything necessary to prevent it. While Guatemala may not be the leading force in technology, we still can play an important role in preventing it. If we create the systems to stop the forms of cyber warfare that might show up, then we will have a better future. We need to invest more time in protecting our virtual borders, so that everyone can have a better time.

We need to look at previous hacking attempts, and even previous cyber warfare attempts, to see what we can stop, and if we can start trying to predict when these things happen. The risk for cyber warfare is bigger than ever. We need to start trying even harder to stop these, and try to discourage this as much as possible. If we do not, then we will be at a great risk of losing information that is important to those countries. Once we start investing more into this, we will become a better UN.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: India
Delegate Name: Sasawat Prankprakma
School: Forest Hills Central High School

With the proliferation of networked devices in the world, a new area of warfare has opened up: cyberwarfare. The fact that security was not always a high priority to the makers of these devices and the software that runs on them, thus there are widespread vulnerabilities to be exploited by both state, non-state, and "non-state" actors. A major problem actually is the blurry lines between state and non state actors. Often times, cyber attacks are committed by non-state hackers, but the hackers are not persecuted by the government, in effect allowing or even encouraging them to continue with their attacks. One of the most influential cyberattacks in recent years is Stuxnet, a US and Israel made virus that attacked Seimens Control Systems to delay Iran's nuclear program. It also became a major problem as it was spread via Windows computers and managed to infect millions of them before reaching its true target. It also caused collateral damage such as the failure of an Indian communications satellite. China has been accused of perpetrating many cyber attacks, and Japan is developing a counter-virus that detects intrusions and tries to disable their source regardless of collateral damage. Pakistan in particular has been the source of many attacks against us.

Internally, India is trying to make sure that we are secure against cyber attacks. Three agencies are working on cyber warfare to a significant extent, the NTRO, CERT-IN, and the DIA. We have a treaty with the US to work on security of networks. We attended the London Conference on Cyberspace. However, we have been falling behind on security. We have extremely vulnerable networks that are often hacked, and security culture is lacking, people fail to file the proper complaints when data gets stolen, or do not understand how important data is.

We would like to see more done to control cyberwarfare. What constitutes a cyber-attack should be clearly defined, and restrictions must be placed on their usage. There also needs to be established a guideline to what a government should do to stop non-state hackers in their own country.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Indonesia
Delegate Name: Tom Allen
School: Roeper School

As the world collectively progresses toward a global society that is constantly becoming more and more dependent upon the use of technology and internet, it is essential that the United Nations take on the role of stopping warfare that utilizes this cyber technology. Although it has not occurred yet that a nation has initiated a military attack on another nation primarily through cyber warfare, it is conceivable that this type of attack could occur in the future. The United Nations has issued hopes before that cyber security be valued by member states but has yet to take any definitive action as this is a relatively new concern. Dr. Hamadoun Toure, head of the UN telecommunications agency said “we're trying to see that there's a global effort to keep cyberspace free of politics, ideology and especially free of criminals”. We as the DISEC committee tasked with solving this issue must keep the words of Dr. Toure relevant when drafting resolutions and must find a solution that is agreeable to all nations and within the scope of United Nations jurisdiction.

Indonesia has never experienced a cyber-attack but we are nevertheless preparing for an attack of this sort. Internet technology and telecommunications represent a very large portion of Indonesia’s economy and the destabilization of this due to cyber warfare would be devastating for our country. Our banking system is based online and a cyber-attack destroying that system would lead to an estimated 104 million dollar loss to the economy per day that the system is down according to the Jakarta Post. Therefore, Indonesia is extremely invested in preventing cyber warfare and is in full support of UN attempts to do so.

Indonesia suggests to the United Nations that sanctions be immediately levied on nations that initiate significant cyber-attacks on other nations. Indonesia also suggests that the United Nations telecommunications agency establish a worldwide network firewall designed to filter out potentially dangerous viruses intended to be used for attacks. Indonesia suggests that fellow nation states do all that they can to prevent attacks from non-governmental groups within their nations as well. We see this problem of cyber warfare as one that will become increasingly relevant in the future and see a need for DISEC to resolve this problem as it will potentially lead to international destabilization. Indonesia is excited to work with others to get this done.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Iran
Delegate Name: Matt DeCamp
School: Forest Hills Central High School

Cyber warfare is becoming increasingly more enticing as more and more things are becoming modernized, so enticing that some countries, such as the United States, cannot stay away from it. If a cyber attack was to take place, our entire electrical grid could be shut down causing catastrophic results. Cyber attacks need to be seen as criminal acts because they are a danger to everyone. If we continue to allow these types of things to go unpunished, who knows what will happen next.

Recently the United States launched a cyber attack against Iran led by a virus called Stuxnet, in which they shut down a facility of ours for days. This was detrimental to our economy as it allowed no work to be done in this very large factory. Stuxnet also “accidentally” crashed an Indian satellite that was used for important communications. Cyber warfare should not be taken lightly because it is a very real threat that every nation faces. More recently there has been a new cyber "super weapon" being created that is known as "flame". This virus is so complicated that no hacker could have created it. It needed funding from somewhere, and we have discovered intel that suggests the United States is the creator. This virus is able to turn computers on and off, and access their files, cameras, and microphones. Spying is an act of war and I would like to know how this is any different. There have been many computers in Middle Eastern countries, including Iran that have had this virus found on them. If we continue to let cyber attacks go on unchecked then there is no telling what the U.S. will do next.

We would like to see the United Nations criminalize the use of cyber attacks, and any nation discovered to be using or developing a virus that could aid in cyber attacks be reprimanded severely. No one should live in fear in their own home, it is unjust to allow these cyber attacks to continue and we trust that the UN will make the right decision.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Ireland
Delegate Name: Leia Tompkins
School: Vicksburg High School

Cyber warfare has slowly become an increasing problem through out the world. As technology develops so does the risk of a cyber attack and they become harder to prevent and track. With most teenagers having the ability to access the internet at the pam of their hands they are more so at risk for being another victim in this online war. Whether hackers are just after someone's cellular information or something more serious such as government or military information determines the threatlevel they are to the world.

Ireland has become incresingly aware of the cyber attacks around the world. Although Ireland has never been a target of these attacks but none the less we are taking into account that others have been. Since the recent attack on the Iranian nuclear plant with the use of the Stuxnet worm, we have been relitivly concerned for our own safety. We note that the risk of an accidental nuclear war occuring has become rather more and more likely. If the Stuxnet worm had been successful the U.S and Iran and many other countries may be at warm by now.

These attacks are a threat to every life on the planet and should be considered as a higer risk these are more than just criminal acts, these are acts of virtual terrorism and should be punshished as such. Though Ireland would not retaliate with an attack if attacked ourselfs. Intropol would be contact and the criminals would attempt to be captured. Each country knows the risks of cyber warfare, if they are attacked no blame should be placed untill it is properly proven.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Israel
Delegate Name: Brandon Attala
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

The issue that is cyber warfare is one of an ambiguous but increasingly dangerous nature. As technology evolves, so do the methods by which competing countries are able to access each other’s confidential information. The categorization of the offense should be dependent on the severity of the action. Espionage seems to be the most appropriate label to place on general cyber crime, although different cases may fit better under other categorization. Certain breaches of security yield more damage than others, and by that they should be responded to with an according punishment. Both state and non-state actors, under the judgment of the wrong party, should be dealt with on equal standings.

Justified responses to cyber warfare should be along the lines of similar crimes of the degree of the individual offense. Persecution of individuals or groups that commit these kinds of crimes should be carried out to the extent that is appropriate. Entire countries should not be brought into question unless an attack is issued by the government. Technology continues to progress and become more and more advanced, so the severity of cyber-crime and the ways with which to defend against and deal with it will increase, making the fashion that cyber warfare should be dealt with malleable.

Countries should cooperate to combat cyber warfare by bringing those accountable to justice, working together to react to these crimes and sculpting consequences for the offenders. The countries in which cyber-criminals reside in should subject the individuals and groups to the attacked parties for judgment in order to effectively hold them accountable for their actions.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Italy
Delegate Name: Esperanza Cirilo
School: Saginaw Arts and Sciences Academy

Security in cyberspace is a severe problem for all modern countries. Italy understands the importance of civil liberties and individual privacy but that a balance must be found to protect state security as well. Italy also understands the severity and implications of cyber warfare and terrorism in all its complexity. Lt.Col. Monaci, Observatory for National Security, has proposed a complete vulnerability assessment of all Italian cyber data and development currently harbored by the government. Italy feels that this is a necessary component and to be recommended to all nations as a first step in cyber defense.

Italy is part of the AFCEA and hosted a national conference to address the rising threat of cyber warfare. The discussion was opened up for businesses to give solutions to various problems in cyber defense. Italy understands that financial motivation can be great for innovation and recommends that governments work with companies to help keep an edge to emerging risks.

Italian cyber security operations are organized between the military, police, and functional government. There is no cohesive department currently to connect the those departments but the Italian government hopes to create two cyber divisions, one for foreign and one for domestic security and threats. Cyber terrorists would be categorized within those two divisions. Foreign threats would be under military jurisdiction. Just as traditional acts of terrorism and espionage are dealt with on a case by case basis, so would cyber terrorism. Italy believes that cyber attacks are to be seen just as an attack on land, air, or sea. If perpetrated by nations, or individuals, appropriate political action would be taken on a case by case basis.

The AFCEA meeting in Rome of this year saw Admiral Cristiano Bettini, Deputy Chief of Staff of the Italian MoD, give specific qualifications for what legislation regarding cyber security should have. Firstly, he recommended terminology be standardized and solutions be within the cost budgets already deemed for defense. Cyber warfare means staying ahead in technological advances so a division for development in the field is necessary.

Currently, Italy is cooperating with NATO to “test the effectiveness and efficiency of collaborative cyber defense procedures and capabilities” as stated by NATO. Italy believes international cooperation is essential in the protection from cyber threats. Italy hopes to establish our cyber defense through the Cyber Coalition of NATO to a possible cost benefit.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Jamaica
Delegate Name: Jesse Katch
School: Ann Arbor Community High School

Cyber warfare is an extremely important frontier in warfare. It is expanding rapidly as technology advances and will most likely become a major factor in all country conflicts in the foreseeable future. It is important for the United Nations to determine its policies around cyber crime and warfare, especially as the use of such techniques will only increase with time.

Jamaica believes cyber warfare, when committed by one state or government on another, is an act of war. Jamaica also believes the offended country may respond in the same manner as if these cyber attacks were instead physical ones. This is because cyber warfare has the capability to directly impact the function of a government in keeping its citizens safe.

In the event of a non-governmental perpetrator of cyber warfare against a government or state, the act should be considered a criminal offense according to the country’s laws. If neither the perpetrator nor the victim is a government, it should still be considered a criminal offense, but not nearly to the degree of if the victim is a government.

The issue of how states can work together to prevent cyber attacks is indeed a tricky one, because every government will have their own motive to commit cyber crimes. Jamaica does not believe full, honest cooperation to be possible if the states were to work together to find a solution. Instead, we think each government should focus on its own security measures. This gives more national sovereignty to each country as well as makes sure each government fulfills its responsibilities to its people specifically.

Jamaica believes when a cyber attack is committed on a state, the offended government may make the decision as to what action they will take.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Japan
Delegate Name: Christian O’Sullivan
School: Fishers High School

Warfare in the 21st century has become asymmetric with a heavier focus on digital electronics. It is because of this Japan would bring this committee’s attention to the ever evolving theater that is cyber warfare. Japan would like to place particular concern in this topic for Japan has constantly threatened by government and non-government groups with cyber-attacks. No longer relegated to preforming simple hacks of websites, various groups have been able to launch increasingly bolder, complex, and damaging attacking on individuals, corporations, and governments. The last of which has been carried out on a massive scale, with the Stuxnet attack on Iran’s atomic research program and digital infrastructure. Because of this Japan requests that this committee give this topic their undivided attention.

The Japanese government has suffered two attacks, once in 2004 and again in 2010. Both of these attacks involved a complex infiltration of the Japanese infrastructure to gain information, take down systems, and cause general chaos. The damage was minimal and the hole was quickly plugged, but both instances appeared to be by nongovernmental groups. With a small amount of resources and a team of individuals skilled in hacking technology, a highly motivated group can cause damage that they would otherwise be incapable of doing. Government funded or hired groups are better funded, larger, and are capable of even more destructive attacks. The Stuxnet attack would have had to been funded by a nation or corporation. The complexity of the virus is such that it would have taken years of well-funded research to create such a weapon. It was also a precession weapon, for it only infected Iranian government systems.

Japan recognizes the need for such technology, but its current use causes great concern. A cyber weapon is akin to any weapon, its purpose is to harm and disrupt. Therefore a cyber-attack sanctioned by a government should be equated to an airstrike or a blockade. It is the purposeful destruction or property and should be considered an act of war. Japan plans to argue for a definition of a cyber-attack as a declaration of war. Also that when using a virus or cyber weapon a distinction must be made between military and government targets and civilians. The rights and quality of life of civilians must be insured when a sanctioned cyber-attack is committed. The issue of independent groups also remains a problem. The small groups of hackers can be as dangerous as a multimillion dollar virus when they are in great numbers. This committee must take up the responsibility to root out cyber terrorists and cyber criminals. Japan looks forward to working with other nations to craft a comprehensive policy addressing the regulation of cyber warfare by both governments and private groups.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Jordan
Delegate Name: Yusuf Alvi
School: Mattawan High School

In this increasingly technological world, there is also the possibility of technological attacks. Jordan recognizes the potential harm that can come from such threats and encourages the United Nations to take measures to stop any chance of such threats in any country.

Jordan believes that careful examination of the attacker(s) in question is vitally important to laying down justice for any attack. Put simply, if an attack is from a private or single group of individuals, then it is prudent to punish that group. However, if there seems to be no specific source or if the government or government official appears to be behind such attacks, then it is only right to punish that nation.

Responses should vary based on the circumstance; if it is a solitary attacker, a warrant for his or her arrest and subsequent trial should be in order. However, it may be appropriate for varying degrees of punishment when a state matter is at hand, whether it is diplomatic, economical, etc.

In all honesty, no one wants this type of warfare without some precautions. Jordan believes and has hosted many international conventions that bring together ideas and create awareness for this problem and to attempt at some sort of defense scheme, if you will. The ECSWA has been put in place to educate those in the Arab world of these types of attacks, in an attempt to unify and strengthen the defenses of this vital region, giving this region a chance at protection in this uncertain realm of war.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Lesotho
Delegate Name: Audrey Koutny
School: Kalamazoo Central High School

As times change, so does technology, and as a result of that so does the methods of attacking other states. The latest way to sabotage or get information on a state is through the internet and different hacking systems. Cyber warfare is often referred to as the modern terrorist threat, and is most prominent in countries with well developed technological systems. The problem is that because it’s hard to trace the launch point of these attacks, and the line between state and non-state action is so blurred, it’s hard to know when and who to take action on.

As Lesotho is less advanced in terms of electronics and technology, they have been less affected than most other nations when it comes to cyber warfare. Lesotho has taken a backseat and began to form their own views as they watch other countries battle it out in terms of where to go next in terms of regulating the consequences of cyber warfare. Because of the fact that it is hard to differentiate between state and non-state action, and each case varies in severity, they believe each incident needs to be looked at on a case by case basis as to what action needs to be taken.

In the future, as Lesotho becomes more advanced in the area of technology, it will obviously develop more strict views on what it believes in terms of cyber warfare, but for now it is willing to compromise and is looking to be persuaded on a certain viewpoint to adapt.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Malawi
Delegate Name: Oni Bala
School: Royal Oak High School

Cyber warfare is rising and becoming something that more countries should be aware of and need to start protecting themselves from. There are viruses which spread instantly and can lead to cyber war, terrorism, espionage, crime, protest, and vandalism. This is becoming more of a priority and countries are racing to protect themselves. In order to protect one another we need to form an alliance that comes together and deals with a very board issue.

Malawi is a small country in sub-Saharan Africa which doesn't have much access to the internet. This does not mean that they are not affected but computer viruses. In the last four year, a virus called Raila Odinga hit Malawi. This virus damaged so much that it destroyed the flash disk on the PC's. The computers it affected also rejected every sort of remedy to fix the problem. The Director of Tech Solutions of Blessings Chipande has urged users to have a watchful eye for any more viruses that might be coming their way because this first one has become a very big issue

In order to fix this problem we need to form a unity to protect not just ourselves, but everyone affected by cyber warfare. In order to do so we need to, first we need to set up an education system of how these viruses are set up and how to prevent them in the first place. Another thing we need to do is work together to become one and protect everyone for cyber threats. We need to create a community of defense from these viruses. In order to accomplish this goal we are going to have to work together and the UN should hold meetings to assess the problem.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Mexico
Delegate Name: Chris Cribbs
School: Forest Hills Northern High School

In our digital age, the internet is becoming more and more important to nations and their societies. The internet has (and is) bringing the world together. Its massive growth and proliferation is making the internet an essential tool for anyone. This widespread use has also led to misuse, as malevolent mercenaries make mischief by hijacking those who hinder your ideals. When this misuse is perpetrated by an organization or government, it is referred to as cyberwarfare.

The country Mexico firmly believes that all uses of cyberwarfare, through the attacking of infrastructure and the stealing of data, is undesirable. Mexico has always been a staunch opponent of terrorism in all forms, internet terrorism included. Any offensive strike from one country to another should be considered an act of cyber war, which should be avoided. A cyber war will open up massive amounts of people to identity theft, could cut off power/electricity to any general region, and even make a country’s nuclear arsenal (which Mexico doesn’t support anyway) susceptible to attack. (This is clearly bad because a rogue hacker organization could potentially blow up a chosen location and we would be powerless to stop it.

In order to combat internet terrorism, we should strengthen the Security Council because this is a problem that cannot be solved within the bounds of the General Assembly. We should take strides towards giving the Security Council more power over the internet and promoting cyber security.

In conclusion, cyber warfare is a massive and imminent threat to the world order and must be dealt with accordingly.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Mongolia
Delegate Name: Janet O’Leary
School: Royal Oak High School

Cyber warfare is not much of a problem in Mongolia because we are still a developing country. We are fortunate enough to not have experienced the problems that cyber warfare creates. We understand that cyber warfare is prominent among other nations, and we would like to do our best to help them solve their problem.

How can countries protect their own systems in a purely defensive way, without offense involved? Mongolia believes that this matter can be peacefully solved in many positive ways, without inducing unneeded fighting.

Although we, as a country, have not experienced this problem, we believe that there are many possible resolutions that can appropriately address this problem. In order to solve it, we must define regulations and consequences for every action that is possible in cyber warfare. Loopholes must be closed so that all of the countries that are apart of finding a solution to cyber warfare will be aware of what is considered cyber warfare, and what the consequences for involving oneself in it are.

It’s understood by Mongolia that it can often be difficult to trace the country or party that initiated the virus in cyber warfare. While working together on solving this problem, we must keep that in mind. How are we to address the problem, when we don’t always know who is causing it?

Mongolia looks forward to working with fellow countries to solve the continuing problem of cyber warfare.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Morocco
Delegate Name: Morgan King
School: Mattawan High School

Cyber warfare has become an issue relevant in today’s due to the increase of technology in many nations. Cyber Warfare commonly targets computers by hacking into secured information databases and disrupting servers. This is not only a type of warfare conducted by whole nations but this can also be controlled by a single individual. That is another reason why Cyber Warfare is so dangerous to all countries.

Morocco believes that there should be an attempt to control Cyber Warfare and ultimately stop it. Since Morocco does not have as strong of a technological database it would not be able to properly defend itself and it’s people from cyber warfare. Morocco believes that people need to start being educated on how they can prevent cyber attacks. Morocco also believe that there needs to be a punishment indicated for the criminals, both as individuals or in a organized group or country who partake in this illegal action. The internet can be an extremely helpful and resourceful tool; however, when people use it for negative purposes it can be incredibly detrimental.

In order to cope with the changing cyber atmosphere, Morocco would look favorably upon the creation of a cyber council to regulate the issues that arise due to cyber warfare. With the implementation of such a body, along with international reprimand, nations will be forced to more thoroughly crack down on the negative operations of these cyber terrorists.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Netherlands
Delegate Name: Jana Latzberg
School: Saginaw Arts and Sciences Academy

The Netherlands and especially the Dutch Minister of Defense, Hans Hillen, have acknowledged Cyber warfare to be a serious problem in modern society. The Dutch MoD acknowledges that they use the digital domain for (satellite-)communications, information-, sensor-, navigation-, logistical- and weapons systems, that are dependent on secure internal and external networks of digital technology and that this makes them vulnerable to cyber attacks. They also acknowledge that other countries are developing offensive cyber capabilities and that non-state actors are also capable of forming a threat to Defense forces by attacking digital systems and networks. This strategy also acknowledges the blur of the lines between the combatant and the non-combatant, and also the blurring of the borders of any operational areas. Both are key components of the “Fourth Generation Warfare” principle.

The Military Industrial complex is already a major and consistent target of cyber attacks because they develop and produce high-grade military technology. The strategic and economic value of their digital assets is high and as such these need to be very well guarded, also in the Cyber aspect. Use of capabilities like logistics, command, intelligence, force protection, maneuverability but also, of course, offensive operations will increase over time and this is why the MoD will need to seriously invest in this area. Another interesting point here is that it is made clear that Cyber will not become its own combatant command, but instead will be placed as a joint command called the Defense Cyber Command under the Command Landforces (CLAS).

The Dutch armed forces are vulnerable to cyber attacks and that it is of critical concern that defensive measures are taken. Military systems and networks are, naturally, to be protected by the Armed forces and to this end a risk assessment will be performed.

Those are the problems, the Netherlands have found out to be most relevant. It has also been found out that over 90% of all attacks to Dutch military systems and networks has been of Chinese origin. This fact will have to be discussed further and the Netherlands would like this problem to be discussed further in Conference. We certainly have to think about protecting the countries institutions and their virtual information and documents against cyber attacks because so called "hackers" come up with more creative and better ways to gain access to them. The other nations in northern Europe like Sweden or Norway, have the same beliefs as the Netherlands and will hopefully support its position.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Nigeria
Delegate Name: Jonas Buchler
School: Mattawan High School

Combat evolves and terrorism spreads; such is the present world we reside in. Cyber warfare is merely the next adaptation in the evolutionary process of global conflict, and terrorism carries the effects of cyber warfare and spreads it, akin to a rat and the plague. A certain degree of this must be written off to the mutual understanding that the internet, like anything expansive, drastic change, has introduced both positive and detrimental elements to today’s society. Granted, the full extent of the internet’s capabilities would have been difficult to foresee for even the most prophetic computer expert, however, we cannot afford to stall out in the face of impending cyber-based acts of terrorism.

The Federal Republic of Nigeria would be hard-pressed to deny its history as a primary source of cyber terroristic acts. However, in recent years, we have made impressive strides against cyber terrorism in Nigeria; Nigeria has cooperated on numerous occasions with the US, resulting in arrests. The Federal Republic of Nigeria combats cyber terrorism sourcing from the country on a daily basis.

Acts of cyber-based terrorism should not go unpunished by any means. However, the Federal Republic of Nigeria believes that cyber terrorists should be punished individually in lieu of impressing sanctions or punishments of some nature upon the country from which the constituents in the act of terrorism originate from. The Federal Republic of Nigeria understands the gravity of cyber-attacks, but also acknowledges the fact that many terrorist organizations operate independently from governmental ties and do not act on behalf of the country they are from. Factions/constituents should be punished separately from their originating countries because if this were not the case, an individual or group would be capable of starting a war from a laptop, and would not reflect sentiments of the state or nation from which the criminals/terrorists source.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: North Korea
Delegate Name: Ross Allen
School: Williamston High School

The DPRK believes that cyber warfare is an issue of worldwide concern. Cyber warfare can be conducted by individual hackers or government teams. These attacks can do widespread damage to computer networks and can cost citizens and governments large amounts of money.

The biggest cyber warfare attack in world history was recently conducted by the United States and Israel. They establish a computer virus, the Stuxnet worm, to sabotage Iran’s nuclear program. South Korea has also illegally hacked into DPRK websites. However, these countries claim to be trying to take action against cyber warfare. They are some of the worlds worst cyber criminals, but they still preach that acts of cyber warfare should be classified as military acts. They also falsely accuse other nations of conducting cyber warfare. This is just an excuse for these warmongering countries to escalate international tensions.

We also recognize a different form of cyber warfare being conducted by the United States and its western puppets. With their control of over 80% of the world media, they are carrying out a plot to conduct psychological warfare on the rest of the world. They are rapidly spreading their propaganda throughout the world. They are attempting to create political instability with their widespread media lies. When the internet was created, it offered the idea of evening the playing field for the rest of the world. The western imperialists immediately seized control of the internet to stop this from happening. They are now using the internet to further spread their propaganda to different regions of the world.

To stop the western imperialists from using false accusations as an excuse for war, our country hopes that the world will decide that countries cannot use allegations of cyber warfare as a justification of war. We would also like to see the western world give up their almost complete control of the media and internet. These countries need to give the rest of the world a voice. This would also limit their campaign of spreading their propaganda throughout the world. We hope that the UN will stand with us against these obvious attempts for war.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Norway
Delegate Name: Kaleb Pifer
School: Mattawan High School

With the increased prevalence of computers in the world of today, the world has grown ever closer. With the internet, people as distant as Canadians and Egyptians can feel as though they are part of a global community. However, there is a dark side to this interconnectedness as well. Cyberwarfare is a new front that has opened on battlefields worldwide. From information gathering to malicious attacks on the functioning of a country, cyber warfare is the newest threat to a nation’s safety. While not always perpetrated by a nation, but at times by an individual (which complicates the ability of the United Nations to effectively supervise the activities) cyberwarfare has the potential to cripple a nation, whoever the instigator was.

This obviously presents a security problem to many nations, especially one that rely heavily on advanced technology. As a nation with an advanced infrastructure Norway is especially vulnerable to these types of attacks. While not susceptible to attacks on nuclear plants, much of Norway’s electricity comes from hydroelectric dams, which are at danger, and would cripple the nation if attacked.

Norway suggests that cyberwarfare be treated with the same amount of gravity afforded to chemical or nuclear warfare, due to the damage it is capable of causing. A treaty banning the use of cyber warfare is an ideal solution while a concerted effort by a multinational group to develop measures to protect governmental systems and reduce the efficiency of further attacks, would be an acceptable secondary line of defense. As for when it is simply an individual that has done these acts, Norway suggest that a set of suggestion be given to the country of citizenship,which would be by no means binding, as to how the united nations recommends the situation be dealt with.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Pakistan
Delegate Name: Marie Carozza
School: Roeper School

International media has reported that Pakistan is in cyber warfare with India. However, this is not a true representation of the situation, and is an exaggeration. There is however, some tension between India and Pakistan regarding cyber attacks. Pakistan recognizes the negative effects that cyber warfare can have on a nation, and wants to be a part of preventing devastating impacts. Pakistan believes cyber warfare should be more closely monitored, while not taking away attention from terrorism. Pakistan wishes to help nations which are under cyber attacks. Recently the UK was under a cyber attack and CERT Pakistan (Computer Emergency Response Team) aided the stopping of this attack. Pakistan would like to put money and energy into researching cyber security through the NUST (Tranchulas Center for Cyber Security- a research place). This will be non-profit and will cover its own costs. Pakistan would like to work on making an international protocol for the correct responses to attacks. Pakistan believes that the justified response to a cyber attack is a counter cyber attack, but certain protocols need to be enacted. Pakistan also wishes to work on security awareness, and would like other CERTs to start to begin working together. By using the UN, nations could work together by researching and connecting their CERTs Pakistan believes that spreading awareness about cyber warfare could also help the situation. Pakistan takes cyber warfare very seriously and wants to strive to fix the current situation.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Palestine
Delegate Name: Sydney Graham
School: Flint Southwestern Classical Academy

A new battlefront-known as cyber warfare-has opened recently. This new method of attacking other countries is both extremely versatile and extremely dangerous. Cyber attacks are generally aimed at telecommunication (computer) networks of vital infrastructure systems: financial, power, traffic control systems, etc. These aggressions are usually carried out by hackers via viruses and worms. The following two factors are what makes cyber attacks so versatile and deadly as well as difficult to categorize.

Take into mind the people who carry out these assaults: hackers. Hackers can work in groups or as individuals and may or may not be authorized by a government, political or terrorist group. To classify whether the attack is a criminal act, military action, or espionage is dependent on which hacker(s) is responsible for the assault. In depth investigation along with a lot of time would be necessary to determine who the hackers are, how many of them there are, and if they are working arbitrarily or have been hired/ordered to launch the attack. While that aspect is complicated, it is easily determinable what type of action has been taken. Individuals or groups operating on their own for their own personal gain could be considered criminals. Government affiliated cyber attacks could be easily termed as military action or espionage. However, we must call upon our fellow nations to collaborate with us to determine this.

Remembering the method of assault used in cyber attack we must insist that it is vital to discuss ways of responding to cyber attacks and keeping the cyber community safe. Cyber attacks are carried out through worms and viruses, which damage computers, steal/damage information, are highly contagious, and have the ability of causing mass chaos. We believe that while cyber warfare must be utilized, it must also be moderated. Policies and procedures concerning classification of and appropriate response to cyber attacks must be established.

Another point Palestine must bring into light is that our focus should be on the hackers. At present, they are difficult to classify and usually hard to trace. They may or may not have government backing and could just as easily be unaffiliated individuals. It would be wise on our part to find, collect, and utilize these hackers to our own benefit as it would be foolish to let these dangerous individuals and groups run amok. Lack of action in addressing these people could lead to further disaster.

With the former discussed, the Palestinian Authority is willing to discuss the details of the solutions we suggested at this next United Nations conference. We are eager to present our ideas and knowledge in this area and display our ability to help formulate the appropriate resolution to this very broad and controversial issue.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Philippines
Delegate Name: Adam Heiss
School: Forest Hills Central High School

We live in a new age. Computers are now items anyone can have. There are very little regulation regarding where people can go and what they can do. Very few governments have the power to stop or commit a cyber attack. Only the most technologically advanced nations have the capability to pursue this type of weapon. They can use their technology to spy on other countries. They can be used to present false images from a satellite. They can even be used to shut down power grids. Cyber attacks can be a government against another government, a group against a government, or an individual against a government, and visa-verse. They threat is always possible and could happen from anywhere. They can be huge threats, or minor changes that may become huge threats. This power can be used to destroy a country, and bring it to the mercy of another. Protecting against these attacks is imperative. This cannot be settled with a treaty between nations, this isn't always a nation v. nation battle. Most of the times a nation would use cyber attacks against a terrorist group. Although it is imperative to have some sort of ban cyber warfare, there also needs to be a way for a country to bring down terrorist organizations with these abilities. Nations need to protect themselves, while maintaining the ability to attack hostile organizations.

The Philippines is being threatened by China. There is a long back-story, but the point is China is threatening attacks, possibly cyber, on my country, as well as a few others, for control over the waters between the Philippines and Vietnam. At present, we are putting lots of resources into our defense against cyber attacks. If they can do anything in our computer systems, they will ruin us. They can spy on us and shut down our power. They can control our satellites and ultimately make us a part of their country. So, we are trying our best to avoid conflict, as well as preparing for one. Cyber attacks are extremely dangerous. We need to protect ourselves against them.

The type of cyber attack can have a differing effect on the country on the receiving end of the attack. So they should have differing consequences. Any act of spying, should be considered an act of espionage. The others types of cyber attacks, disruption of satellites and shutting down of power grids, should be categorized differently depending on who is attacking and who is receiving. If the act is from a government against another government it should be considered an act of war. If it is a group against a government, it should be considered an act of terrorism. If it is an individual against a government, it should be a criminal act. If a government commits a cyber attack against a group or individual, the situation should depend on whether the group or individual is related to a terrorist organization.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Portugal
Delegate Name: Spencer Conner
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

It is very clear that the threat of cyber warfare is becoming more and more of a part in war. The biggest issue we face on this subject is the legal ambiguity that is faced when dealing with these such attacks. It is important that we lay down guidelines and consequences to be better prepared when issues arise so that we may act without hesitation.

A cyber warfare, it seems, is becoming the future of warfare. it can be used to cripple a country's infrastructure in some cases as well as a physical attack, such as how Stuxnet caused damage to the Iranian nuclear program.

Cyber warfare is an act of war, and should be treated just as any other act of war committed upon a country is treated, however it is important to differentiate between state attacks and hackers and activist groups with no affiliation between them and the governing body of any country. This differentiation can be achieved through the context of the attack and gathering further evidence to point to a certain country,

Cyber warfare should only be legal if a military engagement is launched by the UN or if the country is acting in the interests of self defense. If a nation launches a cyber attack illegally,in some cases, the receiving country has the right to launch a counter attack, either with a conventional attack, or with use of cyber warfare. To constitute the use of force the attack would require the cyber attack to cause by proximity death, injury of significant destruction.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Russia
Delegate Name: Jason Feuerstine
School: Fishers High School

Cyber warfare has greatly increased in popularity as its rise parallels that of technology itself. Cyber warfare, warfare involving utilizes technology to inhibit another group or person’s technological capability. While cyber warfare may be seen as a way to increase the advantage militarily advanced countries have over militarily inferior countries, militarily the Russian Federation disagrees.

The Russian Federation believes that cyber warfare actually places some of the advantage into the hands of the smaller, militarily inferior countries. Cyber warfare enables these countries to cripple larger and more powerful opponents without the risk of meeting them on the battle field, a confrontation that would surely favor the more powerful side. By allowing these militarily inferior countries the advantage of avoiding traditional warfare balance will be brought to the now expanded battlefield. This will upset the technological giants and will cause them to do whatever necessary to restore their advantage and will therefore utilize their technological superiority to regain the initiative. Therefore certain conditions need to be placed on the use of cyber warfare.

Because of this the UN should restrict the use of cyber warfare. The Russian Federation is in favor of the use of cyber warfare as it creates a military balance between larger and smaller countries forcing some countries to seek alternative methods of warfare that could potentially further the smaller countries advantage.

Countries should be restricted from using cyber warfare in the aiding of other countries. Cyber warfare should only be used by a country to defend itself. This will prevent the technological powers from abusing their technological advantage. It will also prevent those countries that are technologically advanced from interfering in regional conflicts that they have no military reason being involved in.

If this condition is heeded cyber warfare will become a great tool of equivalency that will restore military balance in our world. It will also move to prevent the morally wrong interfering in regional conflicts by technologically superior countries and therfore reduce their grasp on the world.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Rwanda
Delegate Name: Andrew Kaylor
School: Kalamazoo Central High School

Technology is growing at an exponential rate from the abundance of brilliant and creative minds; however, with this increase in technology comes the threat of cyber warfare. Cyber warfare relates to any form of criminal act performed by a state or non-state perpetrator and it has turned into a new way to attack other countries by tampering with their database systems. They can be viewed as many different forms of attack from a simple criminal act to espionage depending on the severity of the attack and its intent. One recent example of cyber warfare in action was the “cyber-missile”, Stuxnet; an infiltrating virus to some Iranian nuclear plants that was believed to be designed to sabotage the Iranian nuclear program. It is worms such as these that have begun to turn cyber warfare into a significant issue in the world today and the UN should take extensive measures to restrict people’s access to the internet and certain programs so that it does not turn into even more of a problem than it is today.

The Republic of Rwanda has never been at the forefront of international technological advances and for this reason cyber warfare has never been a leading issue in the nation. Only a small percentage of the Rwandan people even have access to the internet, therefore outgoing cyber warfare is very uncommon. It is also uncommon for the Republic of Rwanda to be a country that is targeted by this type of criminal act due to its lack of information to be obtained.

Nonetheless, the Republic of Rwanda fully supports any efforts made by the United Nations to prevent any acts of cyber warfare. The United Nations should assist in the training of officials within the nation to be readily aware of the threats of cyber warfare and they should also be trained in how to prevent them. It is suggested that an international firewall be implemented that would reduce cyber warfare among other countries and Rwanda is open to any other ideas to prevent these malicious attacks.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: South Africa
Delegate Name: Aidan Patterson
School: Ann Arbor Community High School

Cyber warfare is the exploitation of cyber space in pursuit of a competitive advantage over an opponent, or to intentionally cause harm to people, assets, or economies involving “the collection of tactical information, assurance that one’s own information is valid, spreading of propaganda or disinformation among the enemy, undermining the quality of opposing force information and denial of service or of information collection opportunities to opposing forces” (Williams and Arreymbi 2007). Mankind is becoming more and more dependent on technology for the exchange of information as technology rapidly advances and improves. Our reliance on technology is a habit that increases our vulnerability; therefore cyber security is a very big concern.

There are several different types of cyber “warfare”. Some of these types include: Probes, scans, account compromise, root compromise, packet sniffing and malicious programs and malware. These methods of cyber warfare allow the attacker to extract information, input information, destroy information, and view information undetected. Based on recent activity, South Africa has become increasingly aware of these possible threats to their security, and have taken action in recent years to prevent such possible threats. The South African Constitution of 1996 legislation was the first step towards cyber security. This constitution protected the privacy of its information. The ECT (Electronic Communications and Transactions) Act of 2002 provides for the facilitation and regulation of electronic communications and transactions.

Near the end of 2009, South Africa passed two bills called the PPI Bill (Protection of Personal Information) and the Information Bill. The PPI provides security for people’s personal information, regardless of whether it’s processed by public or private bodies. The Information Bill replaces a previously passed piece of legislation called the Protection of Information Act of 1982. This new law allows the government to classify information based on its contents and protects state information. Based on these few of many changes in South African policies, it is clear that they are aware of the cyber warfare threat and they are taking necessary action to prevent cyber warfare activity and provide a safe environment for their government and citizens.

Although the ability to share information through technology and wireless connections across the globe is an astonishing feat, people should not be so reliant on technology because information shared through technology can be very vulnerable. The UN should take necessary precautions to protect cyberspace with technology, legislation, or maybe we shouldn’t be so reliant on technology at all. Realistically speaking, we cannot eliminate our dependence on technology, therefore, we must protect it to the best of our ability.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: South Korea
Delegate Name: Caleb Heidorn
School: Fishers High School

The Republic of Korea believes that cyber warfare is a serious issue worldwide, and needs to be addressed. In the past we have been the victim of numerous cyber attacks from North Korea, and have taken measures to protect ourselves from future attacks. Because of the internet and continuing ignorance in many areas on how to prevent cyber warfare, it has only grown a more powerful threat.

We have come under attack numerous times from cyber warfare, affecting our military, government, and citizens. In 2009, in a "Deliberate Denial of Service," 26 government and military sites were rendered unusable. In May, 2011, North Korea also took down the systems in our largest bank. From April 28 to May 13, 2012, GPS signals, including civilian and military signals, were blocked by North Korea, making air and naval transit difficult. We believe that issues such as these pose a threat not just to us, but to many areas worldwide. Cyber warfare has been used to attack and spy on military posts and information, and it represents a growing threat to national security. Countries such as North Korea have been working specifically on cyber warfare and have units dedicated to using it for their advantage.

As the problem stands now, there is not much to do to prevent cyber warfare except respond to attacks and increase security in systems and websites. Countries dedicated to performing cyber attacks can infect other systems, despite security precautions taken, and the damage is not always preventable. Therefore, when directed by states, cyber attacks should be regarded as military actions and acts of espionage. The perpetrator, whether directed by a state or not, is responsible for his actions and the results, and should be charged as such.

When cyber attacks do occur, it is necessary to deal with it promptly. We have security experts to help resolve issues with cyber systems, including those problems caused by cyber attacks. However, all possible precautions aren't enough to prevent cyber warfare, and so we must crack down quickly on incidents that do occur, and study previous attacks to learn how to prevent future attacks. Countries can work together to prevent usage of cyber warfare in the first place, and when cyber attacks occur countries can work together to resolve the issue. As cyber attacks can be used to affect more than one country, it is imperative that we work together to minimize damage caused by cyber warfare, and control all incidents that occur.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Switzerland
Delegate Name: Mitchell Paauwe
School: Forest Hills Central High School

As technology begins to advance, so do the brains behind the computer. New systems are being started, programs are being made, and hacking abilities are increasing. If hacking happens from one country to another, it should be considered an international crime. However, if it happens within a country, treat it as a federal offense, and the punishments should follow suit. If a citizen within a country hacks another nation, the citizen should be charged as a non-state actor. Considering a citizen has the choice to do, or not to do a crime, the nation should not be held accountable for the actions of the person. However, if the government asks a citizen to hack another country, the person should be charged as a state actor, and actions should be taken to reprimand the person, and the nation’s government.

Switzerland, believes that cyber warfare is a dangerous threat to the entire world. It is a very serious topic in Switzerland, because of the amount of money within the banks of our country, and the chances that they could steal the funds within the banks. We believe that all punishments regarding cyber warfare are fair, and will be good enough to send a point across not to use cyber warfare. No exceptions should be made under any circumstances when it comes to cyber warfare, because if nations are too lenient it could send a message that makes people think it is not a big deal.

States that enforce international laws can help prevent cyber warfare. Also pooling encryption keys can help reduce cyber warfare. Countries that share encryption codes can discover holes in each other’s systems and make them more secure. This however is only beneficial to countries that are friendly with one another, because if encryption codes are shared they can get into each governments database, and find info on each country. Other than enforcing strict laws, and sharing codes, there is no other effective way to stop global cyber warfare.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Syria
Delegate Name: Ian Olive
School: Forest Hills Northern High School

Syria does not warrant or support any forms of terrorism, whether they be of virtual or political means. We know that terrorism is an extremely relevant term in today’s society and we realize that the Middle East has become synonymous for the center of terrorism. Syria has born the brunt of many cyber terrorism blames in the last century and we are trying to change this stigma. Cyber terrorism is something that has been used in the Middle East particularly by countries including Israel and United States. Syria wishes that all forms of cyber terrorism would cease no matter if the attacks came from within or outside of Syria.

With the increasing advancements of technology today, cyber terrorism has become extremely difficult to track. As such, programs such as Stuxnet have been circulating and damaging many forms of Syrian property. Such programs can devastate not only military targets, but civilian and economic targets as well. Such attacks can cripple Syria.

Syria wish to start a pack that helps protect countries from cyber terrorism. Such a program would be collaboration between many countries. Such a program would not be mandatory, as to not invade on countries national sovereignty, however the greater number that joins would help spread costs and labor.

Syria wants the best for its government and its people and will go great lengths to achieve it. Syria is willing to collaborate with other nations, and it just asks that all forms of blame and attacks on Syria using the "cyber-terrorism" tagline may be ceased

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Togo
Delegate Name: Riley Robertson-DeGraaff
School: Vicksburg High School

Cyber Warfare Is a growing problem in our technologically based society. As our civilization develops a third world war may not just mean soldiers fighting but could very well be fought in cyber space. We have already seen this becoming a problem with the wiki leak of 2012. Our current society does not have proper guide lines set in place to prevent or stop a cyber war. The future war may mean more than just life's lost but could destroy whole countries, without ever sending a soldier there. As countries we rely on each other, this cyber warfare may mean destroying economies. We need to band together before it is to late and prevent this from ever happening.

This is a problem for Togo because every country is dependent on others. This may not always be a significant relationship but needless our economy still suffers as the world goes through recessions. If one country is seriously hurt by cyber warAS fare, it will be felt throughout the world. Now is the time to prevent a cyber war. We need to band together as we find a solution to this issue.

As technology develops we need to keep up with our rules a regulations. This has never been a serious issue up until now. We need to work fast to keep our society safe from these threats. To maintain our global security it is essential to work together as one to prevent a disaster of global proportions.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Turkey
Delegate Name: Matt Morrow
School: Forest Hills Central High School

Warfare between nations has varied greatly as new technologies are constantly being invented. These technologies are used to obtain an advantage over other nations. Unlike many new technologies of the past, cyber warfare is extremely dangerous due to the fact that many countries are unaware or have the lack of resources to fund programs to combat these attacks. The extent of cyber warfare attacks vary greatly from simple computer viruses to extensive multiplatform programs such as Stuxnet. Due to the recent attack on Iran's Nuclear programs in 2010, nations such as the United States and Turkey are taking extra precautions such as investing money into their own individual cyber weapons for defense purposes. The United Nations need to address the issues of tracing the attacks to its origin. Depending on the severity of the attack, the United Nations should categorize cyber attacks as criminal and punishable acts and even to the extent of declaring them acts of war. The United Nations need to be cautious when dealing with the justified responses to the attacks due to their unknown origins.

Turkey is taking many precautions to the threat of cyber warfare by implementing a series of drills to respond to a cyber warfare attack. These drills were designed to coordinate a cyber response among the diverse institutions and to establish the first three core commands that serve as Turkey's cyber command in the office of the general staff. Taking further measures, Turkey has enacted several internet filter laws, which require internet users in Turkey to use government provided internet filters to stop cyber warfare attacks from going in or out of Turkey. Furthermore, Turkey is the most recent nation to join the National Cyber Security Coordination. This organization's primary goal is to establish a coordinated defense against cyber attacks. With the help of the other members of this committee, Turkey hopes to take a combined approach that will provide cyber defense for business as well as for the nation’s government and armed forces.

Turkey would like to see more done by the United Nations in funding Cyber programs to combat attacks and locate the attackers origins. By joining organizations such the National Cyber Security Coordination, countries can work together and share resources and technology to benefit all of its members. Just as Turkey has implemented a series of drills and guidelines to deal with attacks after they have happened, other nations need to follow to provide a more stable and effective response.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: United Kingdom
Delegate Name: Kyle Johnson
School: Williamston High School

Cyber warfare is a relatively new form of warfare that is becoming increasingly prevalent in today’s world. It can be cause by states attacking rival nations, or a renegade faction with no affiliation with any government. As the UN, we must develop systems to combat hackers and also put in place procedures for identifying the culprits of cyber attacks. Cyber warfare is something that any one country will have a hard time dealing with on its but if we take this issue on globally, we can put a stop to cyber warfare.

Cyber warfare has been an issue in the United Kingdom. Lockheed Martin, a defence firm, was under attack from cyber terrorists. The Ministry of Defence has begun to recruit hundreds of cyber experts to bolster our computerized defenses. This action is part of a 650 million euro fund to deal with cyber security. We have added the National Cyber Security Programme to our Strategic Defence and Security Review in 2010. With this addition, we hope to increase funding for programs and departments devoted to combating cyber terrorism. In the future, the UK hopes to take even further steps toward increasing cyber security measures and preventing cyber attacks.

We must fight cyber warfare on a global basis. The UK hopes to work with other nations to create committees and programs that would fight cyber terrorism with counter-hacking and increased cyber defense. With a global committee designed with the intent of fighting cyber terrorism, we can increase efforts to end cyber attacks. Investigations into other nations are something that we must be careful with, as we should try to stop cyber attacks without impeding on a nation’s sovereignty. That being said, countries with malicious intent to attack an adversary’s cyber security should be dealt with to prevent future attacks. The UK believes that every country should begin to invest in increasing cyber security measures, as cyber warfare is an issue that will be even larger in the next few years. We must prepare ourselves for the worst possible outcome and come together as the United Nations to fight cyber terrorism.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: United States
Delegate Name: Cody Hoeffel
School: Royal Oak High School

It is evident that cyber space is the next addition to the warzone. As such every nation must prepare for the new attacks and rules to follow this new front. Hackers take on the forms of states, individuals, terrorists, conveyors of industrial espionage, and activists. The result, as of present is a litany of problems plaguing the present system.

The first of these issues is the definition of the attacker, how can one tell the origin and purpose of the attack? In this case, there are clues to consider for each attack, clearly, for example is multiple pieces of infrastructure were to be simultaneously attacked, the origin must be a state or state backed organization as the resources needed to coordinate and execute such an attack are massive, in addition to this, it most likely that an attack that is meant to truly hamper a nation would be repeated in rapid succession to ensure success, this is something that once again only state based and state-backed organizations are capable of performing. Telling too is the target itself, infrastructure is the most likely target for state and terrorist attacks as they can cause the most damage. Attacks on a specific website, such as an embassy or public corporation, are likely the targets of activists and individuals seeking to send a message.

The next issue is what is at what point is a response in kind justified, this is where a page from the Geneva Conventions must be taken. Websites must have tags as to what they are, similar to the required uniforms of any legal conflict, or the clear identifications of NGOs, for the web this may be denoted by the url, ending with .org, .gov,.state, etc. However, additional markers should be provided by the servers themselves, showing that one may be solely hosting humanitarian information, and therefore should not, and legally cannot, be targeted by any party. The identification process also allows for the determination of the response to attacks as clearly, an attack on a public hospital is much more provocative than an attack on a company or website providing government information.

The next issue is the prevention of such attacks, this is easiest for developing nations, in that to prevent most cyber attacks the infrastructure needs to be wired into as many functional units as possible, this way there are far fewer tempting targets and any successful attack may only do the same damage as a power outage. For example, in the United States there are over 3000 separate power suppliers, as such any attack on the power system simply leads to a power outage in a small area which is simple enough to respond to. This is the other point to consider for the preparation in case of many infrastructure based cyber attacks, the result is the same as a semi-common failure in the system, rarely is it catastrophic. Regardless the lesson for developing nations is to not centralize their system, but to have their systems broken up into smaller networks, with non-networked backup systems.

Of greater concern is the economic system that has developed around the Internet, this system, without the proper safeguards and backups is extremely susceptible to attack and for the sake of the international community must be considered in addition to attacks on nations.

Topic: Future of Cyber Warfare
Country: Zimbabwe
Delegate Name: Mitchell Rewiako
School: Williamston High School

Now that computers and the internet are becoming a more important part of the world, cyber warfare is becoming a more dangerous treat. With more people getting access to the internet and technology it is becoming easier to hack into the online world. Hackers can make their way into many different systems like financial, government, military, and many more. The results of these attacks could be devastating and we must stop the treat of cyber warfare before it goes too far.

Cyber warfare has not been a great threat in Zimbabwe, since only 12% of our population has internet access. We do however recognize that Cyber warfare has become a huge threat to bigger country’s around the world. Zimbabwe has an interest in solving the issue of cyber warfare. We have started training police forces in stopping and catching cyber criminals. Although the cyber-attacks we receive in our country are nowhere near the scale that other countries receive, we think it is important to stop cyber warfare and punish those who are responsible for the attacks.

Since we don’t have a vast knowledge of cyber warfare we don’t have many ideas to stop it. Zimbabwe believes that cyber warfare should be treated as a criminal act for non-state actors and a military act if the attack is from the state. The response to a cyber-attack should be a diplomatic act not one of retaliation. Through these diplomatic negotiations we will be able to hold the attacker responsible and keep the peace between nations.