Antibiotic Resistance

Topic:
Country: South Africa
Delegate Name: Dylan Potter

World Health Organization
Antibiotic resistance
the Republic of South africa
Dylan potter
Forest Hills eastern

The problem of antibiotic resistance grows extensively everyday. Antibodies are greatly important to the health and wellbeing of all humans and some animals.This is very bad for not only the Republic of South Africa but also the rest of the world. Antibiotic microbial resistance is approximated to take 700,000 lives a year. In 2050, it is estimated that number could rise to 10 million. This could lead to premature death all across the globe. And you cannot forget about the food, the food is starting to become resistant to long lasting antibiotics such as carbapenems, tigecycline, and colistin, this is increasing among gram-negative bacteria in south africa which is posing a threat to food safety.

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem worldwide. There are increasing concerns regarding antimicrobial resistance due to its substantial impact on morbidity, mortality and costs. The Republic of South Africa has signed treaties such as the African Medicines Agency which will help the current state of the health system in the Republic of South Africa. South Africa has created the National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) a source of knowledge and expertise in regionally relevant communicable diseases. The Republic of South Africa stands by what they say, antibiotic resistance needs to be reduced in everyday life. The Republic of South Africa stands by this because they believe this would reduce death rates due to a decrease in microbial resistance.

The antibiotic resistance is in clear need of a solution. The Republic of South Africa proposes that there be an interdisciplinary National Advisory Committee. Also setting standards for laboratory practices to ensure quality diagnosis of pathogens. Calls upon all member countries to enhance education and mandation of vaccinations of humans and animals. Requests enhanced nation surveillance of resistant bacteria in humans and animals. South Africa is actively promoting education of proper hygiene. Encouraging each member country to create policies and procedures for antimicrobial prescriptions for doctors and verts to follow. South Africa requests countries provide continuing education about antibiotic resistance to doctors and veterinarians.. This is the Republic of South Africa’s plan to help solve antibiotic resistance.

Country: Indonesia
Delegate Name: KenZie Low

World Health Organization
Antibiotic Resistance
The Republic of Indonesia
KenZie Low
Forest Hills Eastern

Antibiotics are widely known to treat common illnesses such as e.coli infections and strep throat. The first created antibiotic penicillin led to scientists appropriating the use of these cures. However, medical professionals and farmers sometimes do not use these treatments prudently, therefore causing microbes or bacteria to become resistant to these drugs. The resistance may lead to the future ineffectiveness of antibiotics. This resistance is known as the ‘Silent Pandemic’. According to a global study, 4.9 million died in 204 countries in 2019 due to antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance will be detrimental to human health as the medical community will be unable to treat many illnesses. The UN recognizes this situation and the WHO committee introduced GLASS (the Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System) to monitor the use of antimicrobials. Specifically, Indonesia is largely affected by the ‘Silent Pandemic’. The country is among the five countries with the highest projected increase in antimicrobial consumption by 2030.
Due to the crisis of antimicrobial resistance in Indonesia, the government has taken action into reducing the misuse of antimicrobials. In 2016, Indonesia created its national action plan to respond to the issue in line with the Global Action Plan on AMR (GAP-AMR) endorsed by WHO in 2015. The plan engages many organizations to collaborate such as FAO, OIE, and Environment Programme to reduce the misuse of antibiotics collectively. The Indonesian Ministry of Health in collaboration with WHO of Southeast Asia developed a situation analysis tool to analyze and inform implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of progress in the eight pillars of action in GAP-AMR. Also, Indonesia enrolled in GLASS in 2017. The country received WHO training and established twenty surveillance sites for antibiotic resistance. They also promoted the rational use of antimicrobials in the country. During World Antibiotic Awareness Week on November 2020, Indonesia collaborated with multiple UN ministries on an awareness campaign that discussed the concerns with AMR use. More than 800 participants attended. Additionally, Indonesia developed a One-Health engagement in their national plan, meaning that all aspects of health (human, animal, plant, and environmental) should work together to reduce antibiotic resistance. Within the plan, the Ministry of Agriculture passed Regulation NO 14/2017 stating to prohibit the use of antibiotics as livestock growth promoters. Indonesia also passed Regulation No 09160/PK.350/F/12/2019 prohibiting the use of the antibiotic colistin in animals, as this antibiotic is critical for human medicine. Indonesia is not readily available to support international means of reducing antimicrobial resistance as this is a major crisis within Indonesia itself.
Indonesia supports the cause of reducing antibiotic resistance. Mukta Sharma, technical official of WHO Indonesia asks to act now in preventing the ‘Silent Pandemic’ from escalating as Indonesia wishes to protect the next generation. The Indonesian Deputy of Minster of Health Dante Saksono Harbuwono urges to decrease the use of antibiotics in plants and animals. He states “AMR necessitates extensive involvement from various stakeholders.” Indonesia believes to mellow this threat, it involves the collaboration of multiple sectors. This proposal is related to Indonesia’s proposal for a One Health, or holistic, approach to reduce antibiotic resistance. The country notes that imprudently using antimicrobials on livestock will spread resistant bacteria to humans and damage livelihoods and food security. Specifically, irresponsibly using antimicrobials on produce and livestock will lead to humans suffering from the consumption of these animals and plants. Indonesia, apparent with the AMR crisis of its own, supports any form of AMR containment activities and continues to fight the battle against antibiotic resistance.

Country: Democratic Republic of the Congo
Delegate Name: Joel Beard

Delegate: Joel Beard
Country: DR Congo
Committee: ECOSOC
Topic: Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem around the world. What is antibiotic resistance? It is the ability of bacteria to fight back and defeat the abilities of the drugs designed specifically to kill them. It is basically bacteria warfare. Some countries are dedicating excessive funds and resources to the cause of fighting this pending health crisis. Other countries share the problem but are struggling to find a way to combat the problem. One of these countries is the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Antimicrobial resistance is a public health problem in the Democratic Republic of Congo as our treatment of it is considered very ineffective. So far research has not yielded satisfying results. One study aimed to show the importance of establishingestablishment of national plans for the fight against antimicrobial resistance by installing laboratories and monitoring sites in order to reduce the risk and rate of deaths due to antimicrobial resistance in the DRC.
Possible solutions: one of the first possible solutions is to set up laboratories to test the empiricalempiracal evidence and get to the root of the problem. Currently, the problem is not well understood because it has not been able to be studied well due to the corrupt government practices. The government is split on most policies and the resultant problems caused the deaths of many people. The people of the country are largely poor and the fighting and wars have caused many people to be moved into camps, which compounded the problem of infections spreading. Doctors combatted the issues by using lots of antibiotics, but it is now causing resistance to the drugs. So, laboratories would be useful because then, strains of bacteria could be studied in detail and their reaction to antibiotics. Since this problem is a world wide growing issue, it would be wise of the UN to dedicate funding, resources and professionals to this cause, both for countries like the Congo and also as a starting approach for other countries to start around the world as well.
The DRC is facing other problems like widespreadwide spread flooding in the northwest region of the country. These issues make it difficult for them to pursue solving the issues related to disease. Their health systems have deteriorated over the last few decades and this leads them to be working against themselves.

Country: Brazil
Delegate Name: Tristan Ernst-Hodys

Delegate:Tristan Ernst-Hodys
Country:Brazil
Committee:WHO ECOSOC
Antibiotic resistance is a major health issue and a top priority for not only Brazil, but the WHO at large. Antibiotic resistance happens when bacteria adapt to antibiotics. When a resistant bacterium infects a human or animal, the carrier becomes much harder to treat and cure. Antibiotic resistance leads to higher healthcare expenditure, longer stays in the hospital and a higher death rate. With planes and other travel options antibiotic resistance has exploded all throughout the world. It is one of the biggest health concerns of our times. Antibiotic resistance occurs due to a wide variety of factors including the misuse and overuse of antibiotics and poor infection prevention and control. In the past the UN has established The Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS), Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP) and Interagency Coordination Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (IACG) all to combat antibiotic resistance. Though these measures are helping, the issue is far from solved.
Brazil has a long-time surveillance program led by the National Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA) that compiles data from Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs). Since 2014, ANVISA has been engaged in the collection and interpretation of institutional information from all hospitals with ICU beds regarding HAIs. A special focus is placed on catheter-related bloodstream infection (CR-BSI) and their microbial resistance markers. In 2017, 72% of Brazilian hospitals participated, offering laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection information.
In December of 2017, the Brazilian Ministry of Health began participating in the WHO’s GLASS program (Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System). The Department Of Strategic Actions in Health Surveillance (DAEVS) was designated as the National Coordination Center of the National Surveillance Program on Antimicrobial Resistance (BR-GLASS). The GLASS Program utilizes a different methodology for data collection and analysis than the ANVISA program: GLASS is more comprehensive and includes resistance information of isolates from both inpatients and outpatients. Another key component is the usage of dashboards to be able to provide real-time feedback for related health services. For thirteen months (December 2017—December 2018), a multi-professional team of microbiologists, infectious disease control personnel, Information Technology specialists, and Statistics experts elaborated a strategic plan for initiating (BR-GLASS).
Brazil believes that more member states need to create their own GLASS program so that their countries can have more comprehensive antibiotic resistance data. Brazil also believes that creating an initiative to educate medical professionals on when to give antibiotics and when not to would be extremely helpful. Brazil believes that by following these recommendations the world would make huge strides in combating antibiotic resistance.

Country: Kenya
Delegate Name: Adrian Vasicek

November 22, 2022
Submitted To: World Health Organization
From: Kenya
Subject: Antibiotic Resistance
Delegate: Adrian Vasicek
Royal Oak High School
Kenya is very grateful for the support the UN has given us in the past and very happy to continuously be a part of the UN. We are especially grateful for the support and aid from the US. We are aware of the many programs they have that send us resources and help from volunteers.
Antibiotic resistance is a huge problem in the world and becoming a large problem in Kenya. As 90% of our water waste does not make it to our water treatment plants. Instead, this water waste seeps into our ground and due to the dry and wet season in Kenya the ground really holds on to the waste. This is an issue because when things such as condensation happen antibiotics are brought back into the air and people inhale them, this causes antibiotic resistance in Kenya.
As this is an issue in Kenya as a way to reduce antibiotic resistance in we request funding and resources to help improve our water waste treatment plants. We would also like to decentralize our treatment plants, we understand that in the long term this could lead to a monopoly and we are certainly willing to take that risk in able to keep our people safe. By improving our water waste treatment plants and ensuring the water waste gets to them would lower the number of antibiotics being evaporated and breathed in by people. If not acted on then soon our whole population will be resistant to vaccines that we need for our society to function.
Overall Kenya knows that antibiotic resistance is a huge issue in the UN and wants to help change policies to lower rates of resistance. Also, help find new vaccines that the bacteria isn’t resistant to. However, currently, we need support and when we can, we will help in any way we can. Again we thank the UN for all the help and support and we are glad to be a part of the UN.

Country: Germany
Delegate Name: Sophia Conrad

Delegate: Sophia Conrad
Country: Germany
Committee: World Health Organization
Topic: Antibiotic Resistance

Resistance to antibiotic drugs has become a global health crisis, directly resulting in over a million deaths and contributing to almost 4 million more. Upon the miraculous discovery of penicillin in 1928, and its subsequent use in 1941, antibiotics have become essential to treating infections. The first signs of antibiotic resistance followed as soon as 1942. Since then, overprescription and lack of public education regarding these medicines has caused antibiotic consumption to increase. This increase in usage is particularly apparent in nations such as India, Thailand, and Ecuador. These nations exhibited the most antimicrobial resistance cases according to the Drug Resistance Index (DRI). The rise of antimicrobial resistance can be most directly attributed to lack of knowledge, regulation, and supervision.
The World Health Assembly in May of 2015 determined an action plan which included initiatives to increase awareness, research, and surveillance regarding antibiotic resistance. The assembly also planned to assist low-income countries with economic support for new medicines and vaccines. However, in April of 2019, the UN Interagency Coordinating Group (IACG) on Antimicrobial Resistance released a report calling for immediate further action. In May, the World Health Organization passed another resolution to continue its efforts to confront antimicrobial resistance by including measures in infection prevention and hygiene. The resolution also called for greater support in implementing individual nation’s action plans.
The German network on Antimicrobial Resistance( DNAMR) was launched this year to address the rising cases of antibiotic resistance. The DNAMR is looking to “promote the development of new, resistance-breaking antibiotics” by connecting market incentives and research funding to strengthen the initiative. Germany has already adopted a national action plan which follows the One Health approach and is coordinating within the German Antibiotic Resistance Strategy. Germany is one of the greatest supporters of the World Health Organization and places significant emphasis on solving the issue of antimicrobial resistance globally.
Unfortunately, notable progress has been lost on the front of antibiotic resistance due to the COVID-19 pandemic. According to Arjun Srinivasan, M.D., “In hospitals alone, antimicrobial-resistant infections and deaths both increased at least 15% in 2020 compared to 2019.” In order to address this issue, surveillance of antibiotic resistance must be increased, antibiotics must be regulated, and education must be provided to both medical personnel and the public on proper use of antibiotics. As recommended by the IACG on AMR, we need to “phase out… antimicrobials…in agriculture”” and “put in place stronger regulatory systems”. By taking these essential steps towards success, we can decrease the threat of antibiotic resistance.

Country: United Kingdom
Delegate Name: Taha Ibrahim

World Health Organization
Antibiotic Resistance
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Taha Ibrahim, FH Northern HS

As modern medicine continues to evolve, bacteria evolve with it. The recent emergence of resistant bacteria known as “superbugs” has been a point of concern for many health officials. This issue stems from both the misuse and overuse of antibiotics. As medicine continues to be used, the bacteria the medicine was made for begins to grow immune to its effects. Because of this, an estimated 700,000 people die from resistant infections. The rise of COVID-19 has further sped up the rate at which bacteria and other microbes evolve new resistant strains.
The United Kingdom has been dealing with the ever-rapid spread of AMR (antimicrobial resistance) and is currently implementing measures to counteract its effects. A 5-year national plan supported by the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) and the committee for Antimicrobial Prescribing, Resistance, and Healthcare-Associated Infections (APRHAI) has been implemented based on three key strategies: reducing unnecessary exposure to antimicrobials, optimizing their use, and investing in innovation, supply, and access. Along with that, The United Kingdom aims to reduce the number of infections from drug-resistant microbe by 10%, reduce the use of antimicrobials by 15%, reduce the use of antibiotics in food-producing animals by 25%, and be able to report on the percentage of prescriptions supported by tests.
The first step in dealing with the issue of resistant bacteria is figuring out the reasons why they’ve been building these resistances in the first place. As we know it, the issue comes from the overuse and overreliance on antibiotic medicines. In the UK, antibiotic use is at 15.9 Daily Defined Doses (DDD) per 1,000 inhabitants, down from the 2017 figures which were at 18.8 DDD. The key to reducing the number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is to lower the excessive use of antibiotics. Along with the excessive use of antibiotics, poor hygiene practices and increased infection rates directly correlates with the increased use of antibiotics, and as such, more resistant strains of bacteria form. One major cause that goes unnoticed comes from intensive farming practices. Reliance on antibiotics for animals also assists in the emergence of resistant bacteria. That resistance can easily be transmitted from animals to humans The best way to reduce the increased rate of antibiotic resistance happening is through the promotion of improved hygiene practices in medical centers.
The measures the United Kingdom has implemented listed above can be used in similar nations facing the issue of widespread antibiotic resistance. Similarly, improvements in medical care, promotion of efficient antibacterial use, and regulations on handling livestock are all factors that can help lower the number of resistant bacteria. The United Kingdom will continue to assist in the fight against antibiotic resistance across the globe.

Country: United States of America
Delegate Name: Sreejay Ramakrishnan

World Health Organization
Antibiotic Resistance
United States of America
Sreejay Ramakrishnan

Antibiotic resistance is an issue that is plaguing the world and the healthcare system today. Though antibiotics are used to treat infections and have numerous benefits, it has resulted in misuse and overuse. This combination has led to antibiotic resistance, allowing diseases to become even more deadly. Antibiotic resistance leads to higher medical costs, prolonged hospital stays, and increased death rates. Additionally, it threatens healthcare progress, food production, and ultimately life expectancy – every single part of the world is being affected by antibiotic resistance and it continues to spread, especially through the travel and transmission of humans, animals, and goods. Some infections that suffer from antibiotic resistance are pneumonia, tuberculosis, and certain food-borne diseases. In the U.S. alone, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year. To continue that trend, more than 1.27 million people worldwide die from antibiotic and drug-resistant infections each year. If not dealt with, the UN warns that drug-resistant diseases could cause 10 million deaths each year. This is a prominent issue that the UN needs to take an effort to address. We need to ensure that infection control and prevention stay strong. The World Health Organization has taken action on this in recent years at the World Health Assembly in May 2015. The “Global Action Plan on antimicrobial resistance” aims to improve awareness and understanding of antimicrobial resistance, strengthen surveillance and research, reduce the incidence of infection, optimize the use of antimicrobial medicines, and ensure sustainable investments in countering antimicrobial resistance. The WHO has also supported The Global Microbial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS) standardized the approach to collecting, analyzing, and sharing data relating to antimicrobial resistance worldwide to inform decision-making and drive local, national, and regional action.

This is an issue in the United States as well. The United States of America will work domestically and internationally to prevent, detect, and control infections and diseases caused by antibiotic resistance, according to the U.S. National Plan for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria (National Action Plan or CARB). The purpose of this plan is to partner with foreign governments, individuals, and organizations, and strengthen healthcare and public health, veterinary medicine, agriculture, food safety, and research and manufacturing. The goals of the National Action Plan are to slow the emergence of resistant bacteria, prevent the spread of resistant infections, strengthen national One Health surveillance efforts, advance the development and use of rapid and innovative diagnostic tests for the identification and characterization of resistant bacteria, accelerate basic and applied research and development for new antibiotics, antifungals, other therapeutics, and vaccines, and lastly improve international collaboration and capacities for antimicrobial-resistance prevention, surveillance, control, and drug research and development.

The United States of America urges that Nations worldwide work together to ensure that antibiotic resistance is not as much of a prevalent issue for the world and the healthcare community. We hope that Nations will adopt similar plans as the US in order to Increase life expectancy, healthcare progress, and food production. The United States also Is inclined to work with nations in the UN to ensure this improvement in our worldwide Society. Governments in the UN should continue working together and being part of organizations and actions including GLASS and the Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance that the World Health Organization continues to improve

Country: United States of America
Delegate Name: Sreejay Ramakrishnan

World Health Organization
Antibiotic Resistance
United States of America
Sreejay Ramakrishnan

Antibiotic resistance is an issue that is plaguing the world and the healthcare system today. Though antibiotics are used to treat infections and have numerous benefits, it has resulted in misuse and overuse. This combination has led to antibiotic resistance, allowing diseases to become even more deadly. Antibiotic resistance leads to higher medical costs, prolonged hospital stays, and increased death rates. Additionally, it threatens healthcare progress, food production, and ultimately life expectancy – every single part of the world is being affected by antibiotic resistance and it continues to spread, especially through the travel and transmission of humans, animals, and goods. Some infections that suffer from antibiotic resistance are pneumonia, tuberculosis, and certain food-borne diseases. In the U.S. alone, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year. To continue that trend, more than 1.27 million people worldwide die from antibiotic and drug-resistant infections each year. If not dealt with, the UN warns that drug-resistant diseases could cause 10 million deaths each year. This is a prominent issue that the UN needs to take an effort to address. We need to ensure that infection control and prevention stay strong. The World Health Organization has taken action on this in recent years at the World Health Assembly in May 2015. The “Global Action Plan on antimicrobial resistance” aims to improve awareness and understanding of antimicrobial resistance, strengthen surveillance and research, reduce the incidence of infection, optimize the use of antimicrobial medicines, and ensure sustainable investments in countering antimicrobial resistance. The WHO has also supported The Global Microbial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS) standardized the approach to collecting, analyzing, and sharing data relating to antimicrobial resistance worldwide to inform decision-making and drive local, national, and regional action.

This is an issue in the United States as well. The United States of America will work domestically and internationally to prevent, detect, and control infections and diseases caused by antibiotic resistance, according to the U.S. National Plan for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria (National Action Plan or CARB). The purpose of this plan is to partner with foreign governments, individuals, and organizations, and strengthen healthcare and public health, veterinary medicine, agriculture, food safety, and research and manufacturing. The goals of the National Action Plan are to slow the emergence of resistant bacteria, prevent the spread of resistant infections, strengthen national One Health surveillance efforts, advance the development and use of rapid and innovative diagnostic tests for the identification and characterization of resistant bacteria, accelerate basic and applied research and development for new antibiotics, antifungals, other therapeutics, and vaccines, and lastly improve international collaboration and capacities for antimicrobial-resistance prevention, surveillance, control, and drug research and development.

The United States of America urges that Nations worldwide work together to ensure that antibiotic resistance is not as much of a prevalent issue for the world and the healthcare community. We hope that Nations will adopt similar plans as the US in order to Increase life expectancy, healthcare progress, and food production. The United States also Is inclined to work with nations in the UN to ensure this improvement in our worldwide Society. Governments in the UN should continue working together and being part of organizations and actions including GLASS and the Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance that the World Health Organization continues to improve

Country: Ukraine
Delegate Name: Meira Gable

World Health Organization (WHO)
Ukraine
Antibiotic resistance is becoming more of an issue worldwide. With heightened rates of infection, many bacteria are becoming immune to our existing antibiotic treatments. The main reasons for this are the misuse and overuse of antibiotics. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) increases the severity of bacterial illnesses and makes such illnesses more difficult to treat. Additionally, AMR spread is increased through international travel. The most detrimental effects of AMR have not yet been felt, but in a few decades, many of our existing treatments may no longer be effective in treating bacterial infections, and the deadliness of many diseases will be greater.
To combat the rising levels of AMR, the WHO enacted a Global Action Plan in 2015. This plan is centered around five main goals: increasing the awareness of AMR, increasing the amount of research and monitoring of antibiotic resistance levels, reducing the number of bacterial infections, making appropriate use of antimicrobial medicines, and making sustainable investments in countering AMR. In order to implement this, the WHO has created the Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS), to assist with creation of a standardized approach to dealing with AMR; the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP), to help encourage research into the discovery of new antibiotics; and the Interagency Coordination Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (IACG), to help increase international communications regarding AMR.
Ukraine has been impacted by AMR more strongly than many other countries. With one of the highest multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) rates in the world, Ukraine has been directly impacted by rising AMR rates. In 2018 Ukraine created a National Action Plan to assist in the fight against AMR and establish more awareness, along with a unified approach to confronting AMR. Beyond the high MDR-TB rates, the war in Ukraine has greatly increased the number of bacterial infections, and therefore the usage of antibiotics, causing higher antibiotic resistance. With large amounts of Ukrainian refugees escaping the war and migrating across the globe, AMR rates are increasing worldwide.
Ukraine suggests more money and resources be given to countries with high antibiotic resistance rates, particularly countries in conflict whose resources are already strained. Research into new antibiotics and bacterial treatments should be a global priority. Additionally, Ukraine recommends that international regulations be put in place to limit the use of antibiotics to situations of absolute necessity and to encourage the adherence to prescriptions of antimicrobials by medical professionals. Furthermore, Ukraine believes the WHO should publish greater information on AMR and how to prevent the spread of bacterial infections, to heighten awareness of the issue.

Works Cited
“About Antibiotic Resistance.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 5 Oct. 2022, https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/about.html.
“Antimicrobial Resistance.” World Health Organization, World Health Organization, 17 Nov. 2021, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance#:~:text=Misuse%20and%20overuse%20of%20antimicrobials,be%20resistant%20to%20antimicrobial%20treatment.
“Both activists and officials agree that uncontrolled use of antibiotics will increase mortality rate in Ukraine.” Ukraine Crisis Media Center, Ukraine Crisis Media Center, 15 Nov. 2016, https://uacrisis.org/en/49527-antibiotiki-za-receptom#
Daniel, Ari. “Russia’s War with Ukraine Is Devastating for Ukraine’s War on Tb.” NPR, NPR, 19 Mar. 2022, https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2022/03/19/1087538209/russias-war-with-ukraine-is-devastating-for-ukraines-war-on-tb.
“Operational public health considerations for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in the context of Russia’s aggression towards Ukraine.” ECDC, ECDC, 8 Mar. 2022, https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/prevention-control-infectious-diseases-russia-aggression.pdf.
Stone, Judy. “Ukraine War Likely to Cause Disease Outbreaks.” WebMD, WebMD, 8 Apr. 2022, https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/news/20220408/ukraine-war-likely-to-cause-disease-outbreaks.
“Ukraine Develops National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance.” World Health Organization, World Health Organization, https://www.who.int/europe/news/item/21-02-2018-ukraine-develops-national-action-plan-on-antimicrobial-resistance.
“UN Health Agency Finds High Levels of Antibiotic Resistance to World’s Most Common Infections | | 1UN News.” United Nations, United Nations, 29 Jan. 2018, https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/01/1001461#.Wm-evJOplBw.

Country: Romania
Delegate Name: Allison Edwards

United Nations World Health Organization
Antibiotic Resistance
Romania
Allison Edwards, Forest Hills Northern High School

Romania has educated many countries on the complexities of antibiotic resistance. Romania has experienced many difficulties regarding the issue of antibiotics; such as their dangerously high levels of antimicrobial resistance (also known as AMR). These levels indicate when certain bacterias are unable to be treated due to overuse. Many casualties have resulted from such circumstances and Romania is taking proactive steps to lessen the levels of AMR.

In Romania, antibiotics are often over-prescribed or used for a prolonged period of time. This goes against the recommended use since bacteria can become resistant to those drugs that are needed most. Cephalosporins, a common type of antibiotic, are overconsumed. This has led to a problem that Romania has been facing for the last five years – clostridium difficile infection, which can happen due to the overuse of antibiotics.

Romania is combating this issue alongside the ECDC (European Centre for Disease Control). A meeting was held on the issue of AMR in February and March of 2019. Throughout this meeting, the One Health approach was discussed. The One Health approach is the collaborative effort of multiple health science professions to attain optimal health for people, domestic animals, wildlife, plants, and our environment. The drivers of antimicrobial resistance include antimicrobial use and abuse in human, animal, and environmental sectors and the spread of resistant bacteria and resistance determinants within and between these sectors and around the globe (McEwen and Collignon).

One of the many implementations that the One Health Approach brought was halting the inappropriate use of antibiotics. Additionally, Romania aims to strengthen the program through the prevention of infection, and the reduction of over-prescription. Not only is Romania taking these steps but many countries in the EU are as well implementing these strategies.

Country: France
Delegate Name: Julia Callahan

World Health Organization (WHO)
Antibiotic Resistance
France
Julia Callahan
East Grand Rapids

Antibiotic Resistance is a burgeoning problem that jeopardizes the ability to treat prevalent infectious diseases. As a delegate of France, it is our mission to subvert the effects of resistance. It has been almost a century since antibiotics were first introduced, and immense advancements have been made. First established by Alexander Fleming, he discovered that it could target certain bacteria without harming the surrounding cells through his finding of penicillin. This finding adapted the medical scene immensely, utilizing antibiotics to fight infections during WWII. Today we apply antibiotics to human, pet, and agricultural diseases. Though, with the misuse and overconsumption of said antibiotics, a once helpful solution to infection now has a negative impact, preventing restoration, making it significantly harder to combat viruses such as strains of pneumonia, tuberculosis, and certain food-borne diseases. Since the introduction of antibiotics, millions have been produced and consumed—furthermore, time to build up resistant strains from misuse, underuse, and overuse. In 2019, there were 4.95 million deaths related to AMR, 1.27 million correlating directly to it. These numbers surpass the number of deaths caused by HIV/AIDS and malaria significantly. The spread of resistance is increasing substantially, and steps must be taken at all levels of society to end the dissemination.

France has a prodigious history regarding AC (antimicrobial consumption), the AC rates are 30% higher when it comes to both hospital, and personal use, compared to our other European counterparts mean’s. Regarding countries with low resistance and consumption rate, France is 2-3 times higher. The AMR in France has flourished immensely. Notably, 12% of E. coli strains, which cause many diseases, are now resistant to the drug cephalosporins. This data is detrimental because we will eventually resort to old or toxic drugs to isolate and kill strains as resistance continues. Though with AMR’s escapable nature, those drugs will still build up resistance, forcing us to one day resort to a “pre-biotic era.” France initiated a program to counteract the heavy AMR and AC problem as numbers continued to rise. From 2001 to 2005, France presented extensive information on the negative impacts of antibiotics and the effects of resistant strains. This campaign had notable results, decreasing AC by 18%-34% in 5 years. 2005-2010 was stagnant as mass amounts of information regarding AMR were no longer distributed. Finally, from 2010-2018 AC increased by 8%.

In 2021, the UN passed the “Call to Action on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) proposal.” They stressed the importance of building awareness of the issue in all countries while also establishing a deal of support for the “One Health” initiative created by India. “One Health” groups all life as one. It’s essential to give enough funding to ͞Tripartite Plus organizations to implicate the “One Health” initiative.

France believes that proper education and data collection of AMR/AC numbers is vital to distill in the people the adverse effects of antibiotic misuse and the future of health if resistance continues. People must be adequately informed on the proper dosage when it comes to antibiotics, and the sacrifice one makes when they don’t follow instructions precisely.

Country: Turkey
Delegate Name: Keira heathcock

Delegate: Keira Heathcock
Country: Turkiye
Committee: World Health Organization
Topic: Antibiotic Resistance

My country Turkey has consistently been among the top nations for antibiotic consumption. Antibiotic prescriptions decreased during the course of the four-year National Action Plan for Rational Drug Use, falling from 34.9% in 2011 to 24.6% in 2018. The root of the antibiotic resistance problem is antibiotics itself. While some bacteria die when we take antibiotics, resistant bacteria can live and even grow. Antibiotic usage increases the number of microorganisms with resistance. Bacteria have a greater chance of developing antibiotic resistance the more frequently we use antibiotics.

Antimicrobial resistance has increased adverse effects, disability, and mortality while making it more difficult to treat many common infectious illnesses such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, gonorrhea, and salmonellosis. Antimicrobial resistance makes treatment more complex, which necessitates more diagnostic testing and treatments, and longer hospital stays, which can increase the cost of medical bills.

According to the world health organization Steps can be taken to limit the spread of resistance such as only using antibiotics when prescribed by a certified health professional, Never demanding antibiotics if your health worker says you don’t need them, Always following your health worker’s advice when using antibiotics, Never share or use leftover antibiotics, Prevent infections by regularly washing hands, preparing food hygienically, avoiding close contact with sick people, and keeping vaccinations up to date and Prepare food hygienically, following the WHO Five Keys to Safer Food (keep clean, separate raw and cooked, cook thoroughly, keep food at safe temperatures, use safe water and raw materials) and choose foods that have been produced without the use of antibiotics for growth promotion or disease prevention in healthy animals.
This issue affects anyone at any age in any country, it’s important that we stop this issue so people can learn and teach others to not continue the cycle.

Country: Nigeria
Delegate Name: Ethan Ellis

Country: Nigeria
Committee: WHO ECOSOC
Topic: Antibiotic Resistance
Delegate: Ethan Ellis
School: Williamston High School

Antibiotic resistance happens when germs develop the ability to defeat the drugs designed to kill them. Antibiotic resistance is accelerated by misuse and overuse of antibiotics. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria can cause harder to treat infections than those caused by non-resistant bacteria. History of antibiotic-resistance goes back to the early 20th century. Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928. In 1940, before penicillin was introduced as a therapeutic, a bacterial penicillin was discovered by a penicillin research team. Once the drug was widely distributed, several other restraint strains capable of inactivating the drug became prevalent. Some infections that have antibiotic-resistant strains are pneumonia, tuberculosis, blood poisoning, gonorrhea, and food-borne diseases. The National Library of Medicine conducted research on public awareness of antimicrobial resistance in Nigeria. In 2009, they reported an emergence of a community associated methicillin-resistant Staph infection in southwest Nigeria. They also reported a rapid evolution of fluoroquinolone-resistant E-coli in a Nigerian community. A study was also conducted on a group of Nigerian university students. The study showed that the university students had a high consumption rate of antibiotics. The students mostly obtained their antibiotics from unofficial sources, and without a physician’s prescription.

Nigeria considers antimicrobial-resistance (AMR), to be a high priority on the national public health agenda. The Nigerian Center for Disease Control has been leading the charge to spread the word of AMR. In 2016, the NCDC investigated common antimicrobial-resistant pathogens recovered from hospital, animal, agricultural, and environmental sources. The NCDC also conducted reviews on prescribing methods of antimicrobials to assess any patterns. These efforts formed the National Action Plan (NAP). The NAP has a five year focus in mind (2017-2022), and wants to address what they call the five key pillars in consonance with the WHO Action Plan on AMR. The five key pillars include increasing awareness and knowledge to health workers and the general public on AMR, intensifying infection prevention and control and biosecurity, promoting rational use of antimicrobials and access to quality medications, and research into alternatives antimicrobials. Since Nigeria is still a developing country, there are still many diseases linked to inadequate hygiene, improper sanitation, and improper waste disposal. Another reason people are quick to take antibiotics in Nigeria is the fear factor. Many patients fear that their infections will get worse if they don’t immediately take antimicrobials. It is also cheaper to take antibiotics than to wait long hours and spend more money taking lab tests or consultations. The fear factor is also large in the agriculture/ animal health sector. Farmers that care for crops or livestock depend immensely on the payout of their labor because this is where they make all of their money. Therefore, they are willing to do whatever it takes to secure the best investment they can. Many farmers administer antimicrobials daily or weekly to their crops or livestock in fear of losing them before a sale. For example, a chicken farmer might give his chickens antimicrobials to boost their health and increase the egg size. The farmer can have healthy chickens while increasing his payout.

Nigeria will resolve the issue by increasing awareness and knowledge of AMR to health care workers and the public. Nigeria will make sure that people can only obtain antimicrobials by prescription from a doctor. Nigeria will also increase sanitation cleanup to help stop the spread of dangerous pathogens. Nigeria will monitor the development/progression of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, as well as come up with new medications to substitute antibiotics when needed. Nigeria proposes that doctors should not fall into peer pressure from a patient requesting antibiotics for an illness, when they know it is not the right thing to do. Nigeria hopes to find allies in Germany, Turkey, and Singapore. These are countries that promote rational antibiotic use, education/training, surveillance, and research.

Country: Russian Federation
Delegate Name: Nicole Schafer

Antibiotic or antimicrobial resistance is one of the major threats to population’s health and attempts to develop health technologies. This is when antibiotics developed throughout medical history, necessary for humans to fight deadly bacterial infections, such as penicillin and amoxicillin. Antibiotic resistance therefore means that the bacteria is slowly changing due to the wonderful effects of the antibiotic and as a result, finding ways to combat the antibiotics. Because of this, it is a huge crisis around the world. The WHO is also saying that technologies to counter antibiotic resistance are slowing down and there is a lack of innovation in the past couple years. This means every year, humans are getting more and more vulnerable to bacterial infections and there is not much that has been introduced to help that. The WHO hopes to put this as a priority in the future because this causes about 5 million deaths a year globally and will increase the schism of poverty and inequality, especially in developing nations where antibiotic resistance is so crucially important.
Antibiotic resistance is very prevalent in Russia so is a major concern for the people and government. They are collaborating with many international groups for the cause such as the European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID), as well as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the The Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics (APUA). They participate in many helpful studies to understand antibiotic resistance much better and are establishing programs, guidelines and testing. There is a lack of regulation in our country and that is something we are trying to solve and help. There is a program inside of Russia called The Interregional Association for Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (IACMAC) and this consists of 48 different regions inside of Russia, trying to make people aware of the side effects of using too many antibiotics.
The Russian Federation believes in the push for finding new technologies for antimicrobial resistance, but wants to keep national sovereignty and not interfere with the rest of the countries and focus on its own problems of this issue. This issue is mirrored by the COVID-19 vaccine where the Russian Federation made their own and did not want to be part of the greater unification over the development of the COVID-19 vaccine.

Country: Philippines
Delegate Name: Riley Gailey

Country: Philippines
Committee: ECOSOC
Topic: Antibiotic Resistance
Delegate: Riley Gailey
School: Williamston High School

Antibiotic resistance has become a global health issue due to lacking regulations for antibiotics and the illegal sale of these medicines. As humans consume more antibiotics, the body becomes more immune to medicine used to traditionally fight off infections such as pneumonia and tuberculosis. Although resistance to antibiotics is somewhat natural as mankind continues to evolve, mismanagement of these drugs leads to heightened ineffectiveness of widely available medicine. As people become more tolerable to antibiotics, they experience longer hospital stays to treat normally treatable problems, requiring more financial expense and adding stress onto medical personnel at already short-staffed hospitals after the COVID-19 pandemic. Now that travel has been opened up more, the risk of disease spreading has increased as well as the added risk of death. If antibiotics continue to be overused and unregulated, hospitals will overflow, easily accessible medicine will become unusable, and the cost of health care/treatment will rise. No nation is unaffected by the health crisis that antibiotic resistance poses to each nations’ citizens and economies.

The use of antibiotics in the Philippines has been largely unregulated as 21-66% of its citizens self-medicate themselves with antibiotics found at 60% of sari sari market stands. Sharing of antibiotics is also quite common among Filipino families where only 41% of acquired medicine is labeled with expiration dates. The Philippines recently implemented the Philippine Universal Health Care Act (UHC) that provides universal health care to all citizens of the Philippines, adjusted to include health care stays involving COVID-19. The Philippines lack of medical resources however, means that they have been largely unable to provide proper healthcare for all citizens, specifically those in more rural and remote areas. The Philippines would need over 40,000 hospital beds and additional facilities to adequately provide health services to everyone. Because antibiotics are a more widely available, cheaper option to extensive health care, those in the Philippines usually opt to get herbs from healers containing antibiotics, or choose to self-medicate. In a recent study though, it was found that between 29-95% of Philippine citizens held misconceptions about the use and effects of antibiotic medicine.

The Philippines hopes to implement more educational programs that would inform the general public on the management, effect, and causes of antibiotic usage, specifically with a focus on antibiotic resistance. By making the public more aware, we can reduce the individual indulgence into antibiotic use especially on a self-medicated basis. In order to close the gap of inequality in medical resources based on geography, the Philippines wishes to invest in telemedicine as a way to reduce the cost of travel for these citizens on the outskirts of medical hubs, and unclog medical facilities for less severe cases. Government policies would also be an effective strategy the Philippines wishes to implement in order to regulate the use and transit of antibiotics, both those prescribed by doctors and those sold at sari sari stands or shared within families. The Philippines urges the cooperation of the United Nations to share resources and research on antibiotic medicine in order to globally attack this world health issue with the assistance of the World Health Organization (WHO). By creating a global health network, we can easily communicate the best treatments for illnesses and diseases by backing continued research on antibiotic resistance.

Country: Colombia
Delegate Name: Izzy Sheppard

Country: Colombia
Committee: WHO
Topic: Antibiotic Resistance
Delegate: Izzy Sheppard
School: Williamston High School

Antibiotic Resistance has become a dangerous problem in the past few decades as people misuse and overuse antibiotics to the point where they have little to no effect against infections. Antibiotic Resistance is a bacteria or infection’s adaptation to resistance against antibiotics when an antibiotic has been improperly used. This became a problem around the 1950s, when penicillin, the very first antibiotic, had been overused so much that its overuse endangered the population, once again to the very same infections penicillin was once used to fight off. Antibiotic Resistance could be considered the fault of many things, such as misuse and overuse of antibiotics, for example taking antibiotics even when a person doesn’t have an infection in hopes to prevent future infection. Antibiotic Resistance could also be attributed to the lack of more antibiotics being produced and discovered, for example only two new types of antibiotics have been produced in the past decade. Antibiotic Resistance is still a problem today and will continue to be a problem unless more actions are taken to counteract Antibiotic Resistance.

Colombia is very interested in furthering the fight against Antibiotic Resistance, for the majority, because Antibiotic Resistance is a threat to all people everywhere. Colombia, like most countries, suffers from misuse of antibiotics, for example, 56% of the population in Colombia’s capital of Bogotá had purchased antibiotics without a prescription. In hopes to fight Antibiotic Resistance, Colombia has developed a National Antimicrobial Resistance Response Plan(National AMR Plan). The National AMR Plan consists of five parts which are all with the goal of fighting Antibiotic Resistance. Colombia is also enrolled in the World Health Organization’s(WHO) Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System(GLASS), the Global Action Plan to Tackle AMR(GAP-AMR), and has adopted the WHO’s AWaRe classifications of antibiotics.

Colombia would like to improve the surveillance of antibiotics sales further, support better overall hygiene to decrease the chance of infection by increasing the amount of hygiene care taught in primary and secondary schools, provide more funding to research antibiotics in hopes of discovering new antibiotics, and have better education about proper antibiotic usage through mass media and social media to counteract antibiotic abuse. Colombia believes that better support against antibiotic abuse should be encouraged everywhere, especially in countries that have major struggles with Antibiotic Resistance such as China, The U.S.A., and Kuwait.

Country: Guatemala
Delegate Name: Isabella Feenstra

World Health Organization
Antibiotic Resistance,
The Republic of Guatemala
Isabella Feenstra
Forest Hills Eastern

Antibiotics are medicines that effectively eliminate bacterial infections in living organisms and provide an environment in which the bacteria find it difficult to proliferate. During which healthy cells remain unharmed. Antibiotic resistance is produced when excessive use of antibiotics for benign diseases and viruses occurs. The discovery of antibiotics in 1928 led to their mass production in the following years. When illnesses that do not require antibiotics are treated with them, the strains can become resistant and adapt to become more critical. The threats these strains pose are urgent to health and the world’s economic state. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, over 1.27 million people died in 2019 alone due to antibiotic resistance. To combat the impacts of this issue, 52 countries have enrolled in the World Health Organization’s Global Antimicrobial Surveillance System (GLASS). By documenting outbreaks, GLASS provides a basis for informed policies, prevents future infections, and organizes controlled responses.
As a developing country with a complicated healthcare system, The Republic of Guatemala acknowledges the importance of antimicrobial resistance monitoring for the well-being of its citizens. The healthcare system of Guatemala consists of 3 sectors: public healthcare, private healthcare institutions, and the nonprofit sector. Guatemala has modest government spending on healthcare. Guatemala spends approximately $271 per capita compared to a developed country, while a developed country spends $11,582 per capita. With the poor funding of the healthcare system, our medical institutions face understaffing and inadequate resources. Antibiotic resistance poses an urgent risk to Guatemala’s vulnerable healthcare systems. It will create severe strands of diseases that are difficult to treat; due to antibiotics becoming ineffective with overuse. Although the government implemented regulations for prescription antibiotic drug sales in 2019, easy access to those drugs has not been halted. Corner stores that initially sold prescription drugs illegally were excluded from the mandate that forced all legal institutions to only retail antibiotics with a prescription. Therefore, due to poverty or accessibility of corner stores, many Guatemalans purchase antibiotics missing the expiration dates, lot numbers, manufacturer information, and restrictions on dosage. With the self-medication routine, Guatemalans may under-medicate, mistreat bacterial and viral strands, or ingest unsanitary medications purchased from their local corner store.
Current relief efforts provided by The Pan American Health Organization and CDC regarding the prevention of disease outbreaks and response to public health threats in Guatemala are appreciated. However, countless Guatemalans purchase antibiotics from corner stores without a doctor’s consult. In light of this, Guatemala expresses interest in expanding the public’s scope of
antibiotic resistance awareness by providing a campaign informing the general public of the effects of antibiotic overuse.

The Republic of Guatemala encourages all member nations to develop a healthcare system that is accessible and affordable.

Country: Spain
Delegate Name: Nikhil Talla

World Health Organization
Antibiotic Resistance
The Kingdom of Spain
Nikhil Talla
Forest Hills Eastern

Antibiotics are given to patients to kill certain harmful bacteria without damaging other cells. This form of medicine has helped treat infections in humans, pets, and livestock; however, the overuse of antibiotics creates an environment for bacteria to adapt and become resistant to antibiotics. According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), antimicrobial-resistant infections occur over 2.8 million times a year, and more than 35,000 people die from these infections. The European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network, the largest publicly funded system for antibiotic resistance surveillance, compiled data showing that Spain has among the highest rates of ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli in Europe.

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is a growing problem in the Kingdom of Spain. Community-acquired infections have become a leading concern among the general public because Spain has a high rate of antibiotic resistance. Spanish health authorities and scientific societies are being urged to solve this problem by encouraging and supporting specific programs to control the emergence of microbial resistance to antibiotics. In addition, the possibility that Spain may serve as a source of resistant strains for other areas of the world underscores the responsibility of the Spanish public health authorities to implement effective control measures. Spain has average rates of resistance for nosocomial bacterial isolates (infections developed 48 hours after being admitted to the hospital) observed throughout Europe; however, for community-acquired bacterial isolates, resistance rates are among the highest in the European Union. According to Fernando Baquero and the Task Force of the General Direction for Health Planning of the Spanish Ministry of Health, in 1976, the total number of antibiotic units (boxes) supplied through drugstores was nearly 110 million, equivalent to 31 defined daily doses (DDD) per 1,000 persons per day. In hospitals, physicians may not have the time to make an appropriate differential diagnosis or explain the risks of unjustified antibiotic therapy to patients. As a result, patients adopt a defensive attitude toward prescribing these drugs. Of all the illegally dispensed drugs from Spain (without the required prescription form), 35 percent are antibiotics. Any new antibiotic developed provides a short-term solution to address the problem of antibiotic-resistant bacteria spreading. In Spain, the Ministry of Health approves new drugs and provides surveillance for undesirable effects.

Spain will continue its efforts to slow the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria by promoting education on the use of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. Improving the effectiveness and distribution of bacterial vaccines will decrease the number of antibiotics required by humans and animals. Countries should include labels on packaged antibiotics warning about their use and implement surveillance programs to promote the rational prescription of antibiotics. Spain is open to solutions addressing the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and wants countries to work together to find these solutions.

Country: Egypt
Delegate Name: KenZen Low

Something about this topic is lately, Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) has been a problem lately, many people die of this problem and it also harms the economy due to contaminated food. The World Health Organization (WHO) is helping with this problem. This is a super important topic because this disease impacts the world with several deaths and economic impacts. This case needs to be known because this is impactful to the economy and the people who have these cases so it’s important to inform these cases so then the world can live better and help the people thrive. Some actions we have taken are improving public awareness. They will also slow the emergence of new restraint patterns and control the spread of resistant pathogens by optimizing the use of antimicrobial medicines. Strengthen national health surveillance and implement evidence-based infection control practice. The estimation of global mortality of AMR in Egypt can be 700,000 but more increases as years pass by. From 1990 to 2013, BCG from 89-98%, DTP3 from 87-97%, and measles from 86-96%.

This is an issue for Egypt and the world because AMR is impactful globally. Recently antibiotics are managing the problems for AMR is a discovery of antibiotics, when discovered, the problems are more curable and manageable for helping people with these diseases. AMR is known to be a threat to the world. Ways they address this issue on a national level by having the world health organization report the case of the AMR problems in Egypt and developing a Global action plan (GAP) to combat AMR which involves animal health and environmental areas also into global efforts. Other actions are using other organizations like The food and agricultural Organizations of the United Nations. They contribute by using antibiotics extensively and participating in the intergovernmental agencies engaged in health and agriculture. Some resolutions or treaties are getting the right types of antibiotics to help those who are sick from AMR. Organizations Egypt participates in are the world health organization and participates in helping others with disease problems and making sure their foods are not contaminated. So far, progress has been made with the AMR problems with the united nations and the world health Organization by planning many strategies to help them get healthy. At the national level, antibiotics and health has been a major problem in Egypt due to agricultural contamination from other things that contaminate food.

World health organizations in Egypt will help out with the AMR problems with antibiotics and the right ones to help many lives from AMR. Egypt’s role is to help save lives from the AMR and help around the world with the right medications. Egypt’s action is progressing with the World Health Organization and other organizations helping with AMR and how they can also help with agricultural things. With GAP, Egypt can resist the AMR problem that is in Egypt and around the world. AMR is deadly and the united nations should take action to stop this.

Position Papers for GLIMUN 2022 will appear above this line, with the newest being at the top.