Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Afghanistan
Delegate Name: Conor Streng
School: Forest Hills Northern High School

As every generation passes the example of a “high-tech weapon system” changes. Because of the constant research and development aspect of these systems it’s impossible to find a lasting definition. Also, because there’s no way of determining the weapons of the future we can’t ban them in advance. This is what makes this such a difficult problem to address and to find a solution to. Many less developed countries also depend on this trade for their respective national security purposes as more developed countries depend on it for international political control and as a source of revenue. This issue has many layers that will need to be looked at individually as well as jointly to find a successful solution.

Afghanistan has enjoyed the benefits and then felt the negative effects from trading high-tech weapons systems. During the USSR’s occupation of Afghanistan the United States and Great Britain sent many of what were at the time considered high-tech weapons to patriotic rebels. These primarily included surface-to-air missile launchers. After the USSR was kicked out of Afghanistan though many of those rebels began what is now today the Taliban. The Taliban has defended itself and at times even attacked with those same surface-to-air missile launchers. The Taliban has and uses technology far superior from anything they could have possible produced through trade. This is why Afghanistan is against the trade of high-tech weapons systems. Afghanistan has seen first hand how these weapons only escalate and prolong conflict and does not want to see it happen again in other parts of the world.

As weapon systems become even high-tech they become more deadly. To reduce or cease the trade of high-tech weapon systems will therefore reduce the deaths caused by them and by conflicts. Furthermore, the more high-tech a weapon is the more complex it is which makes malfunctions that much more likely to occur. In war torn areas malfunctions means civilian casualties. Again, the trade of these weapons systems must stop or be severely limited. To do this we can take the drastic step of banning the production of high-tech weapon systems which would in turn stop the trading of them. Another option is to put sanctions on member nations who participate in trading them. A final solution could be to reward member nations who have high-tech weapon systems with monetary or humanitarian aid if they have proof of the destruction of such weapons as well as of not trading them. While none of the solution will be easy to implement the positive humanitarian benefits will far outway the economic gains.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Algeria
Delegate Name: Joeita Macfield
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

Parallel to children desiring the bigger and better toy than what they acquire, countries desire the bigger and better weapons than what they currently obtain; the trade in high-tech weapons system is unavoidable. Despite efforts to stabilize the arms trade, there are consequences. For example, many developed countries create multiple versions of their high-tech weapons. Some of these weapons are for their own use, while others are lesser versions for other opponents. Nevertheless, these weapons can be disastrous — especially when in the hands of a country’s enemy. The United Nations Arms Trade Treaty is a multilateral, legally-binding agreement that establishes common standards for the international trade of conventional weapons and seeks to reduce the illicit arms trade. Moreover, arms sales between 2009 and 2013 were 14% higher than the previous five-year period, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). The biggest independent arms exporting countries, earning the largest estimated profits between 2010-2014, according to SIPRI, were the United States, Russia, China, Germany and France. The five biggest importers were India, Saudi Arabia, China, Vietnam, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Pakistan. Some weapon sales may even reach more than 35 billion dollars. For these countries and many more, the arms trade is essential to their economies and safety.

Although the Algerian military remains less powerful than its neighbors, it still has the biggest defense budget in Africa. According to the Middle East Eye, Algeria has made $10.4 billion worth of arms purchases between 2004 and 2013. Algeria, however, has not signed the United Nations Arms Trade Treaty. Algeria is one of the biggest buyers of Russia, along with India and China; these three countries consumed about 60% of Russia’s arms exports, according to The Conversation Media Group. Moreover, Richard Erdman, the American ambassador in Algiers stated that “Algeria has become an important ally for the U.S. in the war on terror.” According to a World Policy Institute Special Report on U.S. Weapons at War, in January 2002, Algeria began hosting U.S. naval ships, and the two countries have conducted joint anti-submarine warfare maneuvers. Encouraged by their collaboration with the United States, Algerian officials are pushing for new U.S. military technology, such as advanced night-vision technology and all-weather combat aircraft. Currently, due to unrest from the Islamic State, Algeria advocates less regulation in the trade of these weapon systems. Yousef Yousfi, a representative from Algeria speaking on behalf of the Arab Group at a United Nations conference held in June of 2006 regarding the illicit small arms trade in Africa stated that the Arab countries support the observance of international law — including “States’ rights to sovereignty over their territory, non-interference in internal affairs and the right to maintain small arms and light weapons.”

In 1991 Algeria’s military blocked radical Islamists from taking power, and the military has been involved in fighting with Islamist armed groups ever since. According to The Global Arms Trade: A Handbook, written by Andrew T. H. Tan, “Algeria’s military is mainly equipped with weapons from the former Soviet Union.” Therefore, in this fight against terrorism, the nation of Algeria advocates for the trade of high-tech weapons systems, especially while in conflict with rebel groups in order to maintain security. To continue maintain security, the trade must continue with less regulation of the trade of high-tech weapons systems through the objective to deepen world trade through new agreements that simultaneously reduce tariffs.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Angola
Delegate Name: Denarion Benjamin
School: Saginaw Arts and Sciences Academy

Angola supports trade in high-tech weapons systems but only if it is heavily regulated. The nation signed off on the Arms Trade Treaty in 2013, which heavily regulates the sale in specific armaments: tanks, artillery, aircraft, and warships. A treaty must be made in order to reduce suffering of those caught within conflicts and sparks that create revolutions. Armaments could be captured in the event of a revolution and be used against the army that bought them. The most notable example of this is the Soviet-era weapons bought during the Cold War. With civil wars taking place in Angola, outside suppliers only paved the way for prolonged conflict. Countries are taking advantage of each other by selling these arms in times of conflict, consequently fueling wars. Combatants in the Angolan civil wars were supplied by richer nations like the U.S. and the Soviet Union. The weapons are a double-edged sword; they can either win wars, end wars, or cause a perpetuation, but ultimately, they have to be regulated.

In order to limit trade and suffering Angola thinks there should be more resolutions involving limiting high-tech weapons. It should not be encouraged at all causing more expensive and longer wars in already poor countries. These weaker and developing countries are the recipients and it's hurting them; boosting the economy of the countries that supply them. The choice is to buy the weapons or be left to die. It was most prominent during the cold war.And countries are still feeling the effects from those conflicts with increased political instability. So freely giving high-powered weaponry out for money or political influence has been proven to have a long-lasting effect.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Argentina
Delegate Name: Caleb Langlinais
School: Mattawan High School

High-tech weapon trading, clearly, causes an imbalance of power between countries. Argentina feels that the current trade restricting documents are not specific enough for the importance of the issue of defining high-tech weapons and limiting the amount of trade of them. Therefore, Argentina believes more specific documents must be created to solve this issue.

Argentina wishes to see peace between nations and feels the trading of high-tech weapons only promotes the act of war. As much of Argentina’s policies are driven by the principles of disarmament and peaceful settlement of conflicts, and to prove loyalty to these principles, Argentina spends less than one percent of its GDP on their military. Therefore, Argentina feels the dealers and distributors of theses weapons are at the center of this issue. Many of these sellers take advantage of the non specific documents in place right now and are able to manipulate not only which groups receive the weapon but how well it is made, allowing some countries to have clear advantages.

For a solution to this issue, Argentina would like to see two main things happen within the committee: defining high-tech weapons and greatly limiting the trade of these weapons through restrictions. If a resolution of this kind is not created, larger/more advanced countries will continue to gain an advantage over smaller countries and wars will be prolonged even more. One thing Argentina definitely does not want to see is a resolution that allows the trading to escalate anymore.

Argentina looks to work with countries who also wish to see a de escalation of trading of these high-tech weapons in a peaceful manner that will last.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Australia
Delegate Name: Kevin Portinga
School: Grand Rapids City High School

Australia has never developed it’s own high tech weapons, instead focusing on importing weapons when necessary, but mostly refraining from stockpiling dangerous weapons. We think it important that smaller countries have the ability to protect themselves from their enemies and other more powerful countries. As of 2016 Australia was the sixth largest arms importer according to the Stockholm Institute for Peace. We have used these imports to protect ourselves from the growing arms race in Asia.

Enemies of arms trade may say that more advanced nations are profiting off of war, and using global instability to further their own goals. However, these so called vultures are nothing more than peacekeepers, selling their weapons to keep countries safe from each other. Some may view the arms race in Asia as a bad thing, but making sure every country has access to powerful weapons means that every country is too afraid to attack others. Although some may see high tech weapons as only a way to destroy, in reality they are the greatest peacekeeping tool at our disposal today.

Adding to the list of faulty charges against arms dealers is the idea that war profiteering is strictly negative and exploitative. These countries can use this money they gain from selling weapons for things for non-war related purposes, like improving their schools and infrastructure. This is not dirty money, this is pure reputable funds from helping a smaller county protect itself from predator nations. As I have shown before there are no downsides of high tech weapons trade, and there is nothing to be feared from arms profiteering.

Additionally, some may say that countries like Australia that buy these weapons will use them on poorer countries, or to force smaller countries to do what they want. However, that is completely untrue. We have never wrongfully instigated a war in the past century, and only used our weapons to protect ourselves in conflicts such as the Korean War and the Iraqi Conflict. Taking away the abilities for smaller countries like us to get these weapons means lowered security for nations across the globe.

Weapons trade between large and small powers builds trust, and cooperation. Once one nation begins selling weapons to another a greater bond is formed between the two, promoting cooperation outside the sector of weapons, for example Russia and India’s relationship, as explained by Forbes.com. What started as a purely arms related exchange has turned into a beneficiary alliance for both parties, with space technology being advanced on both sides. This is not to mention their anti-terrorism co-operation and proposed free trade agreement.

In conclusion, weapons trade is not harmful and is not dirty money. It fosters better relationships between countries in and out of the weapons sector. It does not promote war and simply gives every country equal power on the world stage. I would urge all of you to not fall prey to alarmists and allow weapons trade to continue.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Austria
Delegate Name: Kinza Parker
School: Williamston High School

The trade in high tech weapon systems has been on the rise since the early 20th century, when chemical weapons and other new and at the time high tech weapon systems were being developed. This also included the tank; what started out as a secret British high tech weapons project ended with the creation of modern history's most common form of death on tracks. The invention of the machine gun was also a force to be dealt with at this time, as yet another brand new killing machine. If history has shown the world anything, it is that the more high tech weapons that are developed, the more that soldiers, and even more often just innocent civilians die, having to pay the price for technological advancement in the form of weapons which provide no further use outside of the battlefield.

Austria has had a lot of history dealing with high tech weapon systems. Being a great Western European power the nation of Austria has developed more than its fair share of high tech lethal killing machines. However in more recent year the state of Austria has almost all but sworn off the advancement of technology which leads to nothing more than the numbers on the wall going up with the tallying of the body count.

Austria sees many solutions to this problem, such as putting sanctions on nations which are advancing the ability of the slaughtering of millions of people. Additionally Austria would like to see the United Nations take a more peaceful approach to all of its conflicts/ global issues. Austria expects every nation on earth to agree in the entirety of their plethora of ideas.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Belgium
Delegate Name: Emma Wilkerson
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

Many countries seem to believe with owning high-tech weapons systems comes strength within a country, therefore trading such weapons has been apparent for many years. Trading weapons systems has been around in human professions for a long time. According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI),arms sales between 2009 and 2013 were 14% higher than the previous five-year period. With the growth of weapons becomes the growth of many fears dealing with safety. The United Nations Arms Trade Treaty aims to reduce human suffering caused by illegal and irresponsible arms transfers, improve regional security and stability, as well as to promote accountability and transparency by state parties concerning transfers of conventional arms. The United Nations Arms Trade Treaty is a multilateral, legally-binding agreement that establishes standards for the international trade of conventional weapons and wills to reduce the forbidden by law arms trade. This treaty was established in April 2013 and many countries, including Belgium, have signed it. Belgium, understanding that the manufacturing of these weapons are essential to many countries, suggests many regulations are placed for safety reasons for all countries.

The country of Belgium manufactures many new technology and much of this new technology deals with weaponry. According to the Belgian National Armaments Director, “Belgian industry has — for lack of its own natural resources — always based its activities on transformational technology. Since its labor is expensive and since it must remain competitive, the country is forced to concentrate on those sectors offering high additional value, and this in turn means high technology: Belgium's industrial future is assured only if the country develops and renews its technological potential.” Belgium is one of Europe’s busiest exporters of small arms and light weapons. As late as 2010, 32 percent of the small-arms exports from the European Union to the Middle East and North Africa originated in the small NATO state. Yes, Belgium provides small weapons and light weapons to many countries in Europe but they also encourage trading in high-tech weapons among countries with safe regulations placed. In Belgium, the control of foreign arms trade has been devolved to three regions, the Flemish Region, the Walloon Region and the Brussels Capital Region, since August 2003. Direct imports and exports involving the Belgian armed forces and police force remain a competence of the Federal Government. In April 2013, United Nations member states approved an International Arms Trade Treaty establishing international standards for the regulation of foreign trade in conventional weapons. The treaty defines common evaluation criteria by which to assess licence applications for arms exports. In early June, more than seventy countries, including Belgium, officially signed the treaty. Contrary to the situation in other European countries, a number of weapons that are firearms with a historical, folkloric or decorative value (HFD weapons) have been freely available in Belgium, the trade in such weapons has increased.

Although Belgium agrees with many regulations they wish to see more in place. With the problems the world is facing currently they want high tech weapons to be traded to keep countries safe. Belgium works with in the European Union supporting many ideas and willing to hear all ideas regarding the subject of trade in weapons. For centuries Belgium has encouraged trade with weapons among countries and they are willing to have regulations placed for safety but do not wish to see trading in weapons slow down or stop.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Brazil
Delegate Name: Emma Krug
School: Forest Hills Central High School

The world spends more money annually on military and the trade of arms, than on any other specific thing. It is said that the world, as a whole, spends a number reaching $1,000 billion dollars every year on the military. A substantial amount of that money is being poured specifically into high tech weapons systems. Many countries are seeing the exportation of high tech weapons systems as a competition, and they are racing each other into lands and regions that have been not been previously prominent for these sales. The top recipients of these high tech weapons systems are developing countries. Other countries see the increase in trade of high tech weapons systems as a huge threat to the overall camaraderie of the world.

Brazil being a developing country itself, is a recipient of these high tech weapons. Brazil recognizes that many are concerned by the fact that trading such powerful weapons with other nations, could cause prolonged conflict that everyone can agree, needs to come to an end. Their goal is not to use the weapons they receive, as a piece for war. The actions they take with these weapons, are mainly to sell them to countries who are willing to pay for them. Brazil also acknowledges that in the hands of the wrong countries, these weapons could prove disastrous on a global level. This is why it is not in their agenda to sell their weapon systems to countries that are in conflict with the United States.

In conclusion, Brazil does not think it is a bad idea to trade high tech weapon systems. Is poses no threat, as long as the weapons are not being sold to countries with malicious intentions. It could even help to promote better relationships between countries who are trading with each other, which could actually be a very beneficial outcome. There are great benefits to trading weapons, such as stated above, and if carried out in a correct way, there is no threat to prolonged warfare and violence.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Burkina Faso
Delegate Name: Megan Mueller
School: Royal Oak High School

Trade in high-tech weapons systems is one of the largest global industries that is active today. While the trade of weapons is inevitable, no cost is too high for nations that are seeking high-tech weapons. With each new development, the issue of who has the advantage arises. Those with the advantages will typically manufacture an inferior product to be traded with other nations in order to keep the ball in their court. These less-equipped weapons, however, are still capable of causing tremendous damage. With the constant trade of these weapons, many manufacturers may actually be contributing and extending conflicts rather than helping put a stop to them.

The delegation of Burkina Faso asks the committee to keep this issue in mind when caucusing and drafting working papers. How can we regulate trade so that countries in need of arms have access, without allowing greedy manufacturers to profit on a prolonged conflict between nations? How can we intervene in situations where this has already become an issue? A good resolution will take into consideration the successful policies of other nations in regulating trade of high-tech weapons and address countries at war whose need for weapons has been taken advantage of by nations looking to gain superiority in their weapons. Burkina Faso is willing to support resolutions that place priority on allowing nations in need to continue to have access to the resources they need. We also feel it is important to find a way to take steps forward in reducing the benefits to arms-wealthy countries of production and sale of high-tech weapons that are capable of extreme devastation. In previous years, the of Burkina Faso has had some minor conflicts with other nations regarding our part in the high tech weapons. More recently, however, we have implemented serious reforms on how we deal with smaller weapons in our country and ask our fellow delegates to take this into consideration throughout the duration of the committee.

The delegation of Burkina Faso looks forward to hearing success stories and strong ideas from other nations to make advances in reforming the current arms trade situation. Without the aid of our foreign allies, we as a committee would not be capable of solving this issue alone. Through serious, determined, hard work, DISEC will able to come to a strong resolution that helps reduce civil and international conflicts across the globe.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Burundi
Delegate Name: Akhil Vinod
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

With every new drone or discovery in artificial intelligence, military technology advances. High tech weapons systems are exhibited and purchased at international conventions such as SOFEX in Jordan. Wealthy countries and private military organizations are able to purchase and test advanced weaponry that outclass the capabilities of less affluent nations. 50-60 billion dollars per year are spent in the international arms trade. At the vanguard of dealers stand the countries: United States, Russia, France, United Kingdom and China, Italy and Germany. Together these countries account for 85% of the arms sold between 2004 and 2011. The weapons sold at conferences around the world lie primarily in the hands of wealthy businesses or countries that pose a threat to less developed nations. With the ever growing business of arms weapons become more accessible to terror groups and insurgents that may threaten the safety of nations, especially nations who do not possess the funds to effectively arm themselves against this growing threat. DISEC must consider the imbalance in power and attempt to curtail the rapid growth of the weapons trade.

The country of Burundi is still in the process of rebuilding our infrastructure from the damages of the Burundian Civil War which ended at August 2005. The government of Burundi’s main focus is to ensure our country's stability and the establish a prominent future for our citizens. With such taxing efforts at hand the high tech weapons trade will further the inequality between international militaries. Burundi have taken measures to limit the illegal trade of weapons within our borders. In June 2006, as a member of the African Union, the Burundian government attended the conference to review the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA), held in June 2006. While our nation’s efforts are focused with the distribution of small arms and light weapons, trade in high tech weapon systems lays far from our grasp. Nations able to purchase newly developed weapon systems maintain an advantageous position compared to less developed nations. Thusly, Burundi has signed the Arms Trade Treaty of 2014 to admonish nations of the growing threat of unregulated arms trade. Additionally through national radio, Burundi hopes to inform its citizens of the effect of the arms trade and suggests that other countries aim to raise the importance of a strong regulation of the trade of high tech weapons. While our country cannot compete in the purchasing of high tech weaponry, the widespread availability of weapons systems poses a huge risk in the form of private deals. Trades of high tech weapons may lead to empowering terror groups and insurgent groups that threaten our citizens. Our country does not have the time and resources to continue the battle against these groups while promoting a stable infrastructure. Weapons that move from private investors to financially backed rebel forces create a dilemma for developing nations. This is a major threat that we must strive to subdue.

The Arms Trade Treaty took measures to regulate the trade of high tech weapons systems, though we must act now if we are to establish equality between the militaries of the world and protect our citizens from armed terror groups the high tech weapons trade must be limited. The government of Burundi encourages the strict regulation trade within weapons conventions dictating that trade be limited to government officials. An investigative team that oversees large scale weapons conventions like SOFEX can be implemented to carry out these regulations. We must keep weapons from the hands of insurgents and maintain a strict eye to ensure a peaceful future.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Cambodia
Delegate Name: Beck Norris
School: Forest Hills Central High School

Cambodia is considered a third-world country and is said to be one of the poorest nations in the world because of their low household income which is said to be a dollar or less per day. The main occupation in Cambodia is subsistence farming. Subsistence farming means that they only grow what they must need and have trouble affording extra items. Because of the low poverty level, their markets don’t consist of a lot (farm-grown foods, fish, clothing, timber, guns,) and even what they did export did not even compete with countries that had similar exported products, such as Thailand.

Because of the location of Cambodia, in the center of Southeast Asia, gun trafficking is one of Cambodia's most lucrative businesses. With that, Cambodia also has a high rate of gun and ammunition smuggling which allows citizens to get guns, and for the country's government to not know exactly how much ammunition and guns are coming in. Though Cambodia's government restricts the regulation of guns and prohibits all guns except for handguns and rifles, which are regulated by law, the high amount of smuggling makes it very hard for that law to be enforced. Said by Chheang Vannarith, chair of the advisory board of the Cambodian Institute for Strategic Studies, “The solution to gun management is straightforward, to not let its citizens carry guns.”

Cambodia advocates the Arms Trade Treaty which means that we support the act of international gun trade, but, it should be regulated. The gun trading business is very necessary for countries and Cambodia is one of them. The regulation is also very important. Giving too many weapons, and putting them into the wrong hands can change the chemistry and stability of countries for good.

In conclusion, the trade of weapons does not contribute global instability, but can unite countries and create allies. Uniting countries by arms trade will not cause war but just the opposite. We strongly advise that countries don’t look at the few negative aspects, but instead see the positive relationships that weapons trade brings.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Chile
Delegate Name: McKenna Malvitz
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

First developed in World War II by the United Kingdom in order to defend themselves against Axis bomber attacks, electronic warfare has rapidly grown into a $400 billion dollar high-tech weapon industry. Many other high tech weapons are also being traded nationally; The Grimmett Report states that, “Developing nations continue to be the primary focus of foreign arms sales activity by weapons suppliers though most arms are supplied by just 2 or 3 major suppliers”. Many countries like the United States and Russia invest billions of dollars each year into research and development in order to obtain and create the most advanced military weapons available. The Republic of Chile has the largest standing military in South America in proportion to its population. On December 24th 2014, the United Nations signed the Arms Trade Treaty which regulated the international trade in conventional arms: small arms, battle tanks, combat aircraft, and warships.

According to the Chile: Defense and International Relations handbook, “In August 1997, the Clinton Administration lifted a twenty-two year old moratorium on sales of high-technology weapons to Latin America. In 2002, Chile reached an agreement with Lockheed Martin to purchase 10 high performance F-16 fighters”. After these F-16 fighters were obtained, Chile switched their production from aircrafts to defense equipment. In the 1990s Chile manufactured infantry-support weapons, both armored and soft skinned vehicles, artillery pieces, ballistic rocket systems, antiaircraft artillery weapons, naval vessels, military aircraft, aerial bombs and rockets, and radar and electronic warfare equipment. The last instance of national combat the Republic of Chile has been involved in was in 1879-1884 when they increased their territory in War of the Pacific. Other than that they have had civil wars among their country but due to the little national combat involvement, they are not likely to use their weapons for national harm. The Republic of Chile holds their weapons for defense purposes and does not intend to participate in high-tech weapon system combat. Today “Brazil, Chile and Colombia accounted for nearly 75% of Latin America’s military spending in 2013”. Trade in high-tech weapons systems has affected Syria immensely. The the current combat in Syria greatly increasing, David Stupples has reported that, “Syria is Becoming a Test Bed for High-Tech Weapons of Electronic Warfare”. Also, in Syria the Russians have been conducting as many airstrikes a day, up to 96, as the US-led coalition has carried out in a month.

According to Jonathan Cook, “Israel is now ranked as one of the world's largest arms exporters – a considerable achievement for a country smaller than New York”. Countries like Israel, who have a secretive arms trade that is booming need to be constricted by enforcement before they attack with their weapons. The Republic of Chile recommends that high-tech weapons should be regulated and only allowed in cases of defense. We believe the UN should discuss limitations on the amount of high-tech weapons allowed for a country based on their population and need for military. Also, strict rules the required a “proof of defense action” meaning, one must show how and why they were using these weapons, should be discussed. The Republic of Chile wants a limit on the trade of high tech weapons and enforcement of this law.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: China
Delegate Name: Will Cathcart
School: Kalamazoo Central High School

The nation of China is extremely committed to lessening the amount of distribution of High Tech weapons. Due to the large misuse of said weapons and the international community's inability to track them, China believes it would be best to eliminate the immense surpluses that have come to existence in unstable nations.

China believes that it is imperative for these stockpiles of High-Tech weapons systems to be destroyed so that there can be a decline in foreign military forces used against civilians. An example of this is the situation currently going on in the middle east. China further believes that while these weapons should not be totally outlawed, but instead they should be kept in hands that are trustworthy and economically sound enough to have these weapons in their country.

Quoting the great Lu Xun, one of many outstanding Chinese twentieth century writers, “The Revolution is so that people can live, not so that they can die!” This quote is extremely relevant in today’s issues regarding the use of High Tech weapons because nations are constantly using them and causing great harm all over the world. China believes that with the elimination of all stockpiles of these weapons in unstable nations is extremely necessary to ensure the safety of all individuals not only in our great nation of china but around the world.

The nation of China is looking forward to debating this very crucial topic to international safety. China hopes that everyone can come to an agreement that fits all nations policies to the most full extent that it possibly can.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Colombia
Delegate Name: Alexander Staley
School: Fishers High School

Trade in weapons systems of any kind is a dangerous practice that only serves to prolong the conflict. While the FARC or the revolutionary armed forces of Colombia is not a nation state, nor most likely supplied by a specific nation, its choice of armaments were extremely limited. As the FARC progressed, they most likely pull their most common weapons, such as the AK-47 from South American or Russian black market dealers1. Similar to national conflict, the armament of a militaristic group only served to prolong our government's fight against the terrorist organization FARC. While some people may argue the sale of these weapons is inevitable, the largest, most reliable supplier of weapons in conflict is other nation states. By denying warring states, or states at a high chance of engaging in warfare access of weapons, the chance of conflict decreases significantly. While it may be profitable to engage in international war profiteering, it is both unethical and only serves to hurt all participating states by increasing the death toll significantly.

By exploiting international instabilities, countries who take part in the trade of weapons at a large scale level are merely war profiteering from states at an international level. Even if war is not in process, the main reason for states to have a large cache of weapons would be national defense. In any case, the seller is more than likely aware of this situation and tends to want to exploit it. Those who sell these weapons to war-torn areas either have one of two goals- to exploit the sensitive nature of the conflict and arm the highest bidder of two entities in a conflict or to aid one side in a war or future war, in which case they are allies, and are entitled to a separate discussion of wartime international arms movements and regulations. Those who purchase these weapons from international dealers are backed into a proverbial corner. They need to purchase these weapons to win their conflict and would be willing to purchases them regardless of the source. If the source is from an unreliable third party, a nation state may seem like the better choice. However, this only opens the door to a form of trade dependence and in the future could lead to the seller state being the main reason a conflict continues. Without the backings of a consistent third party to supply weapons, one side would be forced to surrender in a much shorter time, reducing the total amount of conflict and loss of life in scenarios of national aggressions.

While both the sellers and buyers of arms may feel as though the practice is safe and fair, the sellers only wish to unload a product for cash, and the buyers are only purchasing these weapons in hopes of extending a conflict in the eventual hopes of winning, no matter how dim their chances may seem. In this case, the buyers, the buyer's combatants, their citizens and soldiers are all endangered. If the sellers stopped offering their services, worldwide conflicts lengths would probably decrease, and their death tolls would certainly become much smaller overall.

1 http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/farc.html

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Cuba
Delegate Name: Mahmoud Ajine
School: Mattawan High School

The Republic of Cuba recognizes the trade in high tech weapons systems and realizes its prominence in the world. The Republic of Cuba believes that the unregulated trade of high-tech weaponry leads to proxy wars which in turn causes global instability and conflict. The trade of high-tech weapons systems has lead other countries to unwillingly take part in the trade in order to retain their military position, therefore instigating an increase in global tension.

In order for the issue to be understood, the Republic of Cuba encourages other parties to understand the causes and effects of the issue. In history, countries which are well-known for their endeavors in weapons technology and the trade of high-tech technology instigate many conflicts, and are intent on winning a proxy war in order to establish a strong economic benefit from these wars. Those that receive high-tech weaponry from other countries are victims and only aim to achieve a level playing field with its opposing countries which are also being supported by other parties. The argument that high-tech weapons trade is a method of establishing a healthy economy is a flawed standpoint, parties participate in high-tech weapons trade to ensure safety in hostile situations which are a by product of high-tech weapons trade. If the hostile situations were lessened, countries would be able to spend their resources on more valuable goals which are directed to civilian objectives such as hospitals and schools.

To resolve the issues of high-tech weapons trade, the Republic of Cuba requests that the committee establishes the definition of high-tech weaponry and formulates a ban on the trade of these weapons as well as focusing on methods of enforcing these bans successfully on all parties. Although the Republic of Cuba is confident of the need to ban high-tech weapons trade, it is possible to discuss alternatives that would serve to the benefits of the majority of parties and leads to an established conclusion.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Cyprus
Delegate Name: Adam Decker
School: Vicksburg High School

Since 1974, Cyprus has been divided into two sides, one-third being controlled by Turkish Cypriots and the rest of the country governed by Greek Cypriots. The reason for this divide comes after Turkey invading Cyprus due to a military coup on the island that was supported by Greece. Although the Turkish third of Cyprus has not been recognized by a world body other than Turkey, it has still managed to become one of the most militarized areas in the world. This has occurred due to foreign intervention in the conflict by Turkey, as well as, the United Nations. In addition to this, the United Kingdom currently has two of its own military bases on the island.

As of right now, the United Nations has helped to de escalate the conflict in Cyprus, by monitoring peace talks and providing a military oversight of the island. To avoid further dispute and uphold their reputation in European political circles, the Cypriot government has avoided trade of high tech weapons. In 2007, Cyprus did sell Russian S-300 air defence missile systems to Greece in exchange for a quantity of short range missile systems that would act as a type of air defence. The reason for selling these weapons, rather than keeping them for their own military use, was because Cyprus was concerned over damaging its relations with foreign countries as well as its position within the United Nations.

Cyprus encourages the Disarmament and International Security Committee to take into account the positions and concerns of developing nations, such as Cyprus. The United Nations as a whole must recognize each country's right to maintain their own security, however the regulation of weaponry is also important to promote international peace. Cyprus looks forward to working with other members and hopes to find a long lasting solution to the issue of trade in high-tech weapons systems.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Democratic Republic of the Congo
Delegate Name: Jack Nolan
School: Forest Hills Central High School

The military spending for high tech weapon systems in the the Democratic Republic of the Congo is relatively low. Recently emerging from civil wars, the DRC is not a large figure in the high tech weapon systems neighborhood. The DRC has not developed any of its own type of systems but are moderate importers when it comes to firearms. The bulk of them coming from Eastern Europe and a few middle-eastern countries. As of right now, embargoes have been placed on imports and exports of firearms in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. But armed groups in the east have found ways to get these weapons illegally.

Stance

In the DRC, we are for trade in these weapon systems as long as embargoes are heavily enforced and followed. (Get the weapons legally) As long as the weapons are not going to the wrong people.

Effect

Recently mentioned before, armed groups in the east are still importing weapons from Balkans and other European countries. In order for our country to move forward as a whole, firearms must not be imported illegally. If any high tech systems were to enter the country in the wrong hands, the fragile infrastructure of the nation could be jeopardized. We are trying to rebuild and advanced weapons are not needed if they do not belong to the government.

Solution

Embargoes must continue to be heavily enforced and followed. The illegal import of firearms needs to be minimized. This has to be done by finding the root of the problem and cutting it off there. Sign treaties with other countries to halt firearm imports to entering the nation. If weapons continue to come in, conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo cannot be resolved.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Egypt
Delegate Name: Sydney Connors
School: Royal Oak High School

Weapons trading is a major industry worldwide. As a global community we don’t want to provide the means to cause or prolong unrest in other nations, but don’t want to take away the practice which plays a vital role in the import and export and subsequently the economy of so many countries. We also don’t want to arm terrorist groups with illicitly traded weapons. This committee is faced with the task of creating a comprehensive resolution that will make weapons trading more secure and in turn effectively disarm terrorist organizations, without collapsing the global economy, and disarming nations which need weapons to defend their state against armed attacks.

Egyptian military and security forces have seized over 3800 firearms, two million rounds of ammunition and nearly one ton of explosives since July. Our country is no stranger to the devastation that can ensue from armed attacks by rebel forces. We have seen it take the lives of so many innocent people.It is a profoundly alarming issue that so many countries face. We as a nation would like to see the end to this illicit trading. When you stop the flow of weapons to terrorist organizations that mean to use them against innocent civilians, you stop the terror attacks against innocent civilians.

In conclusion, the Arab Republic of Egypt looks forward to working with other nations to combat this dangerous trading. We are encouraged by the attention payed to this issue which has had such profound effects on not only our country but so many others.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Estonia
Delegate Name: Rohan Khurana
School: Grand Blanc High School

In the last couple years Estonia has become increasingly acquiring more and more weapons. They have started to get more weapons which we believe will help us be a better country. This is import because all countries are based on what weapons they have acquired.

The country of estonia does not have a big part in the Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems but we are increasing our weapons. So far our county has not taken any steps in this Trade. Even though nothing has been done as of right now we are not taking part. Weapons have not been a big part of our country in the last year but has been in creasing especially because the wide variety of things on the market and all the countries buying and developing weapons. We have stud by our ways of less violence but due to many groups we have had to increase the amount of

The solution I would propose as of right now is nothing because we have not chosen a side but in the future i would expect the country to pick a side because we have a lot if allies in many different countries and we need to stick by there side. We also would like to prevent the use of lethal weapons and other forces against our country. Thank you we would like to make sure the counryt is prevent and not going to contediact wth other thank you

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Ethiopia
Delegate Name: Alison Albrecht
School: Roeper School

Greetings fellow delegates. The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia is looking forward to collaborating with you all to address an issue of great urgency in the global community.

The delegation is open to the implementation of greater regulation on the trade of high-tech weapon systems, as long as it does not interfere with a nation’s inalienable right to protection. Ethiopia prides itself on its robust arms forces and believes that the import and export of high-tech weapon systems is an essential component to its function and development. The Ethiopian National Defense Force is one of the largest militaries in all of Africa, and Ethiopia benefits greatly from international trade of high-tech weaponry. For this reason, the delegation was unable to sign the Arms Trade Treaty when brought to the UN in the past, however the delegation is optimistic that a compromise can be reached through collaboration and diplomatic negotiations.

Ethiopia is strongly committed to global safety and and international security. The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia understands the concerns on the matter of trade and is anxious to address them. The delegation believes that without appropriate regulations and restrictions on trade the problems that already exist will only intensify. The potential of these high-tech weapons systems falling into the hands of terrorists is a major threat to global security that cannot go unaddressed. Ethiopia is willing to collaborate on a resolution that accounts for both the benefits and the serious concerns regarding the trade in high-tech weapon systems for the international community.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Finland
Delegate Name: Vic Simmons
School: Vicksburg High School

The Parliamentary Republic of Finland is not,nor has ever been, a major economic or military power. Finland has maintained a relatively undisturbed and peaceful existence since its secession from the Soviet Union in 1918. Because of Finland’s placid stance in militaristic affairs, high-tech weapons systems threaten the peace of its citizens. While some states may argue that weapons allow for heightened security and protection, the reality is that major world powers often supplement their economies via weapons trading. This in turn, offers more advantages to the major powers and further strengthens them, while minor states are left with a smaller economy and few weapons.

In a time when tensions run high based on political and economic positions, it is more important that even to ensure equal standing of all states. This includes both that of economic power, and military influence. Many nations are able to obtain high-tech weapons of warfare from less developed countries, thus boosting both economies. The trouble, however, comes when a less developed nation begins to manufacture weapons illegally in order to sustain their economic growth. While this is not a usual occurrence, crime rates have spiked in nations where there is a large production and commerce system based around high-tech weaponry. Furthermore, the UN has already taken steps to phase out autonomous and high-tech weapons. In order to maintain global peace, the UN must strive to keep high-tech weapons out of the hands of ill-intentioned states and aim to discourage the trading of and capitalization on said weapons.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: France
Delegate Name: Kathleen Stattelman
School: Williamston High School

Trade in high tech-weaponry is a venture as inevitable as it can be dangerous. As technology advances, high tech weapons have created means for nations to produce multifarious versions of high tech weapons to export to undeveloped nations. By doing so, these countries ensure lack of threat, and protection. However, even these less advanced arms and machines can prove to hinder devastating affects when used in a destructive fashion. Furthermore, this gives unprecedented authority to high-tech weapon manufacturing countries over those that rely on the trade.

France is conscious of the severity of the effects of the international trade of high tech weapons systems; Aware that this is a wide encompassing issue present in almost all militant disputes globally. Developed countries distributing inferior, but dangerous, weaponry to less prosperous nations could hold grave effects. This duplicity is representative of the lack of proper regulation of high-tech weapons. Though this is concerning on its own, what this develops in to is grimmer. Powerful nations holding their ability to produce such weapons and thus coerce less able nations is a truth that concerns France. France believes that such demonstrations of manipulation and intimidation have no place on the world stage. Also, disturbing to France is the possibility of terrorist organizations and dangerous adversaries gaining access to any form of high-tech weaponry. France has been made aware in the last year how devastating the effects of dangerous weaponry in the hands of such groups can be and is adamant to prevent this. The Wassenaar Arrangement, of which France is actively participatory, is described by the ministry of Defense to, “ensure that their transfers of arms and dual-use goods and technologies do not contribute to the development or enhancement of military capabilities liable to undermine regional and international security and stability.” Furthermore, France applies all provisions from the EU’s Common Position which seeks to “foster convergence between Member States’ arms export policies and promote transparency in the arms sector.”

This type of transparency is one that could vastly improve the affair of trade in High-Tech Weapons. France would urge the UN to formulate a resolution that includes the illegalization of coercion and manipulation by the hands of distributing countries. If this were to become international law, nations would be unable to trade out inferior weapons, or hold power over undeveloped nations. The process of regulating all aspects of high-tech weapons including manufacturing, distribution, and use should individually receive reform and attention from the UN. Regulation is key. International law must distinguish high-tech weapons from other arms and technology and to properly ensure the protection of civilians. All nations included in the European Union and NATO France hope will stand by this stance.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Georgia
Delegate Name: Abby Vander Vliet
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

The Conference of Disarmament (CD), a multilateral disarmament negotiating forum dealing with multilateral arms control and disarmament problems reporting to the general assembly, is failing to decrease tension and instability around the world and diminishing the prospects for new arms control measures. The CD is jeopardizing existing arrangements creating turmoil in the world today. While legal trade of weapons in situations such as the Special Operations Forces Exhibition & Conference (SOFEX) is accepted and weapon trade being one of the largest global industries, there is also the issue of illegal trade. With countries willing to pay any price for high-tech weapons, even if it is not legal to do so. Because of this many nations are being used as transit countries for illegal trade and being placed in positions of violence and and anxiety.

Georgia is a transit country for illegal transportation of weapons threatening not only the country of Georgia, but also regional and international security. Because Georgia is located in between large, wealthy countries attempting to gain military advantage, there is danger that territories in Georgia occupied by Russia and Ukraine could be used for illegal arms trades. Georgia was a co-sponsor of developing a legally-binding Arms Trade Treaty (ATT). Georgia signed the ATT on 25 September 2013 and ratified it in December 2015. The ATT creates a safer international trading environment by establishing regulations and approval processes. Georgia is one of thirty four state parties to the Open Skies Treaty signed on 24 March 1992. This treaty established a program of unarmed aerial surveillance flights over members territory. Designed to enhance mutual understanding and confidence by giving all participants a direct role in gathering information about military forces, Open Skies promotes openness and transparency of military forces and activities.

Georgia recognizes that the modern arms trade is a major part of global exchange and urges the committee to continue endorsing it. However, Georgia also acknowledges illegal arms dealing to be a reality, and that effects of it have resulted in non-state actors obtaining dangerous weapons. Therefore, it is necessary to regulate legal arms deals more diligently to prevent illicit weapons exchanges. The actions taken in this committee will influence the world economy as well as determine the next steps for regulating the business of war.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Guyana
Delegate Name: Joseph Richards
School: Vicksburg High School

The Republic of Guyana is a relatively young and unpopulated country that has not been severely affected by the trade of military weapons. However, it was not always a light issue for Guyana. In the early 2000s, the illicit trading of weapons brought a significant increase in unregistered weapons into the small country. It has, and continues to be a goal for the government of Guyana to find and destroy these illegal weapons. The Republic argues that growing weapons trade can be linked to numerous offenses, the main concern to their country being drug trafficking. Drug trafficking has been a major problem for the country for a considerable length of time, and as an attempt to combat it by maintaining a zero-tolerance policy towards the trade of high-tech weapons.

Per statistics provided by the United Nations, crime rates are significantly higher in countries that partake in the trade and production of high-tech weapons. As a response to these statistics, the United Nations has already started the process to phase out autonomous and high-tech weapons. Guyana, as a member of the United Nations, has followed through with its obligation to uphold international law against the illegal trade of these firearms. Guyana recognizes the importance of being able to control the proliferation of high-tech weapons and the country has subscribed itself to multiple international conventions related to the arms trade. The government has at the same time been seeking to increase legislation to make the control of the gun trade more effective.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Honduras
Delegate Name: Gurman Rai
School: Kalamazoo Central High School

Trade in weapons systems is perhaps the third-oldest human profession. With each new technological development, if there was a military advantage to be gained, the fates of armies and peoples were caught up in the question of who controlled those advantages and to what purpose they were employed. From the bow and arrow to the chariot, from the phalanx to the legion, from the earliest combat aircraft to intercontinental ballistic missiles, the developer of a new weapon has always had an edge over those who have not yet thought of it. The advantage granted to the possessor is, therefore, much sought-after—and to those who do not possess it, so much greater is the incentive to obtain it. But there is no lasting gain, because as technology continues to advance, so too are new weapons devised. Therefore, because independent production is resource-intensive—and, perhaps more importantly, because it takes time—trade in new weapons systems is all but inevitable. No cost is too high for those willing to pay, and everything is for sale at the right price.

The consequences of this trade are not always easy to foresee. Among developed nations, a practice has emerged of creating multiple versions of their high-tech weapons: some for their own use, and some as “export” versions made deliberately inferior. This is an obvious guard against such weapons ever being turned against them. Yet against adversaries even worse-equipped, such inferiorized systems are still devastating. An example of this phenomenon is the M1A1 Abrams main battle tank. The Abrams has served as the United States’ primary armored combat vehicle since the 1980s, and a variant of this tank was sold to the Iraqi Army after the fall of Saddam Hussein. While the Iraqi variant still shares many of the high-tech features of the American version, it lacks the same advanced armor plating, making it somewhat more vulnerable to explosive ordnance. In the course of the ongoing conflict between the Iraqi government and the so-called Islamic State (IS), a number of Iraqi Abrams tanks have been captured, which demonstrates the validity of concerns about weapons technology falling into the hands of the enemy.

Because of the potency of even inferiorized high-tech systems against low-tech weaponry, any patron state that wishes to supply its clients with advanced arms may well find that its own adversaries are similarly equipping their clients in order to maintain a balance of power—which, instead of ending conflicts, may prolong them. Further, because client states are largely incapable of duplicating advanced weaponry, powerful developed nations may use the flow of supplies as a powerful tool of coercion: obey, or be left helpless before your enemies. Yet ingenuity is not confined to the laboratories of developed states, and technology has a tendency to spread despite all safeguards. Missile technology in particular has proliferated widely, and far from being a danger only to military objectives has been used by a variety of groups against civilian targets both airborne and terrestrial.

Do exporters of high-tech weapons contribute to global instability, or merely take advantage of it? To what extent are the users of exported weapons systems the proxies of the exporting state? Are purchasing entities victims, or are the merely using all means at their disposal to do what they would do anyway? Is the trade in high-tech weapons meaningfully distinct from trade in more conventional munitions? These are the questions DISEC is tasked to address—and the solution, to be effective, must have the cooperation of all involved. Defection could be devastating.

Honduras: There is very little concern from Honduras when it comes to high tech weapons systems such as advanced missile technology or chemical weapons. But there has been some high-profile use of assault rifles, though they are rarely encountered by the police. Since police most often seize weapons when they are used in connection with a crime, the profile of seized weapons should parallel the illicit weapons in use. If assault rifles were used in common crime, they would likely be well represented among seizures. In fact, they comprise a small minority of the weapons seized. Honduras would like to see a reduction of High Tech Weapons systems worldwide, although the effect of such weapons are minimal, so the desires of Honduras could be subject to change if presented with compelling evidence.

Reducing Trade of Indiscriminant High Tech Weapons Systems

Customary international humanitarian law holds that only military objectives can legally be targeted by parties to a conflict. The ICJ has enforced this restriction by stating, “States … must consequently never use weapons that are incapable of distinguishing between civilian and military targets.” This distinction is meant to reduce the long term impact of war on non-combatants. However, a civilian that is actively participating in hostilities can be considered a military objective, according to the Interpretive Guidance on the Notion of Direct Participation in Hostilities under International Humanitarian Law, published by the International Committee of the Red Cross. Indiscriminate weapons are currently separated into two separate categories: weapons whose use is currently prohibited by a treaty, which are considered to be indiscriminate by nature; and weapons whose use is not currently prohibited by a treaty, which are believed to be indiscriminate in certain contexts. Anti-personnel landmines, chemical weapons and biological weapons are examples of the former category, while incendiary weapons, nuclear weapons, and Scud missiles are some examples of the latter. Use of the latter group is not automatically considered to be a war crime.

Modern conflicts frequently involve state and non-state actors alike, increasing the risk of indiscriminate weapons use. For example, the conflict in Syria has featured the use of cluster munitions by most parties involved, despite the prohibition on their use by the Convention on Cluster Munitions, which has over 100 signatories. Pursuant to Article 8(2)(b)(xx) of the 1998 ICC Statute, the use of inherently indiscriminate weapons in violation of the international law of armed conflict, provided that such weapons are the subject of a comprehensive prohibition, constitutes a war crime in international armed conflicts. As such, the use of cluster munitions in Syria constitutes a war crime. However, without a comprehensive prohibition, the use of the weapon itself is not inherently illegal. The legality of such weapons is now frequently subject to the laws of the individual states; given that conflicts today frequently arise between state and non-state actors, this brings into question the classification of the conflict, and the legality of certain weapons and methods. As such, the use of so-called "barrel bombs" falls into more of a gray area.

The use of indiscriminate weapons can result in massive civilian casualties and can cause long-term socio-economic problems for the local populace. It is, therefore, essential that this body reduces—and indeed, endeavors to eliminate—the use of indiscriminate weapons in conflict by all actors, whether by removing or reducing the stockpiles of indiscriminate weapons, making them unavailable when a conflict breaks out, stemming the flow of indiscriminate weapons and materials, to make indiscriminate weapons less readily available to non-state actors, or pushing for a more universal understanding of what weapons are inherently indiscriminate. It is only through this multifaceted approach that the international community can hope to adequately address the problem.

Honduras: If Central America’s biggest problem is violence, and 77% of all murders in the region are committed with a firearm, then stopping the flow of weapons to criminals should be a top priority. The threat of firearm violence is also undermining governance in the region. Local police are apprehensive that they are out-gunned, that organized criminals have access to military arms left over from the civil wars, and there have been some dramatic acts of violence to back this apprehension up. This alleged imbalance of power is used to justify use of the military in policing. Honduras wishes to seek a resolution that will reduce the amount of firearms trade in the region, as well as around the world.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Hungary
Delegate Name: Dave Moreau
School: Mattawan High School

Trade in weapons systems have been in existence all through history. Hungary’s consistent involvement in warfare means that the nation is in constant demand of weapons. New, more dangerous, weapons are created and adopted into warfare. Older, less dangerous weapons are not used any more. People are constantly creating new methods of destruction to replace old weapons. Hungary is as much a part of this cycle as any other nation. Once one group has the best weapon all other groups are at a disadvantage until they create a weapon of equal or greater capability.

Hungary’s weapons development programs are minimal and they often trail behind the other nations. For this reason Hungary imports their weapons from Russia, a leading arms dealer in the world. Since Russia is one of the world’s biggest arms exporters, the weapons hungary imports are fairly equal with the weapons other nations have. Unfortunately the process of replacing weapons systems can be viewed as dangerous for all involved because it only serves to increase the amount of potential death in the world. While hungary recognizes this, we must try our best to keep in step with other nations in the arms race. Hungary’s involvement in wars like World War 1 and World War 2 make it a necessity for our troops to be adequately armed and given every advantage possible.

Hungary does not deny that the trade in weapons systems contribute to a very dangerous world and possibly a global instability; however, Hungary finds this system has been in place for centuries and is not likely to change. That is not to say that Hungary would oppose any legislation restricting the development of weapons of mass destruction in all nations. While all nations have the right to protect themselves, weapons capable of killing thousands are not necessary to do this.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Hungary
Delegate Name: Will Karnes
School: Mattawan High School

Weapons are constantly evolving. Countries are looking for new and more advanced ways to defend themselves and gain power. As soon as another nation has created a new advanced weapon other countries pursue as they feel vulnerable. This constant power struggle is leading to unnecessary weapons of mass destruction. Hungary is not as large of a nation but, they are still very much a part of this system.

Hungary has a very lacking program when it comes to the production of advanced weaponry. Due to this Hungary relies on Russia to import weapons into their nation. So it goes without saying that Hungary has a very capable arsenal. This is a necessity for this nation as they are often caught in world battles, as evident in their involvement in both world wars. It is very important that the small nations are not pushed aside and not heard.

Hungary does not deny that the trade in weapons systems contribute to a very dangerous world and possibly a global instability; however, Hungary also believes that this is an age old system that is not likely to go away anytime soon. Hungary would also like it to be known that they do not strongly advocate for no regulations on such a topic. With so many lives at stake over such a mere power grab. For there to be true safety and defense it is important that there be regulations and disarmament of weapons of mass destruction.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Iceland
Delegate Name: Madeline Nguyen
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

As high tech weapons developed, the fate of armies and civilians of who controlled these weapons and the purpose of these weapons blurred. The landmark Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) regulates the international trade in conventional arms – from small arms to battle tanks, combat aircraft and warships in order to reduce the over stockpiling of weapons. The ATT was signed into the United Nations on December 24, 2014. The advantage of the possessor who obtains the new high tech weapon over the possessors who lack these up to date high tech weapons leads to the inevitable cycle of first world countries creating new weapons and selling these weapons to their continual buyers. We, the country of Iceland, fear the trade of high tech weapons due to the accumulation of world threatening weapons. As a country who promotes world peace and is considered the most peaceful country in the world, we promote the eradication of high tech weapons. While Iceland spends a relatively low amount of money on military spending, countries such as the United States spent $610 billion dollars in 2014 and Afghanistan spent $770 million on their defense military. As these numbers increase as the years go by, the stockpile of high tech weapons inevitably increase as well threatening world peace.

As the leading country in peace, we represent as a role model of how to promote nonviolence and harmony throughout the world. Disarmament and International Security is a key issue in Iceland on a worldwide aspect. We consistently advocate and support nuclear disarmament. On an international level, Iceland has signed the International Convention for the Suppression of Act of Nuclear Terrorism on 16 September 2005 and still supports its purpose of criminalizing acts of terrorism. Furthermore, Iceland has signed the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) on 1 July 1968 which seeks to prevent the spread of nuclear technology and weapons. We welcome initiatives that are aimed to strengthen the nonproliferation regime such as the Proliferation Security Initiative and Security Council Resolution 1540 (2004) which helps to prevent the worlds most dangerous weapons belonging to the hands of terrorists and criminal organizations. After North Korea’s nuclear test in 2006, we sent a statement to North Korea’s government condemning their test on their nuclear weapon. The International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA) seeks to inhibit the use of nuclear weapons, however Iran’s nuclear weapon ambitions cause a blockade in this agency. We suggest that Iran and other nations that pose a threat to the world’s peace become transparent in their nuclear programs

Iceland believes that the only way to safeguard the world from the risk on nuclear denotation is the absolute elimination of nuclear weapons. We support resolutions towards the total elimination of weapons such as establishing weapons free zones and the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty which bans all nuclear explosions. Iceland recommends that efforts to find diplomatic solutions regarding the abundant questions over Iran’s nuclear program where Iran authorities are not obliging with the International Atomic Energy Authority’s requirements for for lucidity in their nuclear program. We also support the peaceful and verifiable denuclearisation of the Korean peninsula. Iceland welcomes the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to disclaim their nuclear weapons and all nuclear programs. Iceland longs to achieve the ultimate goal of an ideal world without nuclear weapons and their increasing stockpile by the gradual and total elimination of all high tech weapons around the world.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: India
Delegate Name: Laura Lynch
School: Royal Oak High School

The Republic of India understands the great importance of stabilizing the power between states that import and export weaponry. The trade of weapons should not be used as a weapon itself, and restrictions need to put in place and enforced to prevent further manipulation of both developed nations and states with less advanced science programs. The committee must develop safeguards to protect dangerous from technology from spreading in its typical manner.

A pivotal question to be addressed is who states should be allowed to export to? Should it be on a state-to-state basis or are other entities allowed to be involved in the trade? Should the few powerful exporters be allowed to barter with terrorist groups? How can we level out the unfairness that comes with trade, and should exports be allowed to remain at the top? What regulations need to be set in place, and how would they be enforced? The condition of economies with and without direct trade should be analyzed so that the final resolution is unbiased.

It is dire that our committee ensures a clear pathway for how our conditions will be regulated. Whether this be direct evaluation or system of strikes be implemented is among the desiderata of the Republic. Whether or not this inherent “manipulation” of trade is fair is also a factor crucial to the working of the resolution.

India is largely opposed to the ideas presented in documents such as the Arms Trade Treaty. The ATT is heavily set against countries that mainly import high-tech weapons, which in turn causes an imbalance in power favoring the few exporters. In addition, the treaty makes little mention of weapon trade to terrorist group, which intrinsically lowers the measures taken to prevent the spread of terror. The ATT makes mention of ammunition transfers, a topic that’s separate and should be left to another committee. The treaty doesn’t address trades that aren’t just outright sales, rather resource exchanges. These trades are then left in gray area.

India greatly looks forward to addressing these concerns in committee. The Republic recognizes that while some good may come from the ATT, it must be revised because it leaves far too many subjects unsettled. Working of the basis of the ATT, India ensures with great confidence that an all inclusive resolution can be settled upon.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Iran
Delegate Name: Maddie Cole
School: Forest Hills Central High School

Like other types of trade, the trade in high tech weapons systems aims to drive money through the global economy, and allows countries to foster positive relations with one another. However, the immense risk involved in the potential for third party groups to attain these weapons is a problem that must be addressed.

Sharia Law, the framework for Iran’s government, condemns the use of nuclear weapons to cause mass destruction and fatality. However, Iran believes that the trading of high tech weapons can be beneficial in regards to nuclear power/energy, and as a way to establish positive relations with other countries. Although Iran’s nuclear energy program has been subject to investigations and accusations driven by larger western powers, Iran believes that the use of nuclear power remains a favorable resource and has no malicious intent. Iran has also been complicit with the sanctions placed on them, the ratification of the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty, and more recently, the Iran Nuclear Deal.

Despite Iran’s cooperation in the variety of deals, and its agreement to limit its supply of nuclear weapons and energy, many other larger powers remain much less regulated in regards to the nuclear trade. This underscores one of the main reasons Iran failed to ratify the ATT, in that that treaty failed to limit the transfer of weapons that supply larger powers that are occupying foreign countries, such as the United State’s occupation in Iraq.

To remedy this, Iran proposes the adoption of regulations that will protect the safety of the world, yet still respect the right of nations to safely participate in the high tech weapons trade. Allowing unstable nations or non-government organizations, such as terrorist groups, to receive high tech weapons can endanger civilians in the countries and nearing regions. Iran urges the committee to create a set of regulations that can safely allow the growth of the nuclear trade, especially in terms of nuclear power, for individual countries, without the inclusion of non-state organizations. The high tech weapons trade is a driving force in the global economy and is necessary and beneficial to many countries.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Iraq
Delegate Name: Seth Benscoter
School: Mattawan High School

The Republic of Iraq would first like to stress the magnitude of the issue the DISEC Committee faces during this session. Though the Iraqi nation feels the results of high-tech weapon trading more than most, the ramifications of allowing such destructive weapons to fall into the hands of those who would use them for evil, namely the Islamic State (IS), are felt globally. Thus, this is not a question of “what if,” but rather of “what now?” Indeed, weapons exported by nations involved in the trade have already landed in IS hands, making the undeniable turmoil that plagues the Middle East even more tumultuous.

With this in mind, the nation of Iraq is in a unique position. Condemning the use of high-tech weapons by IS but reliant upon these same high-tech weapon shipments from allies to fight terrorism, Iraq recognizes both sides of the question that is high-tech weapon trade. On one hand, trade of these weapons can be necessary for the protection of some buyers and also good business for suppliers. On the other hand, this trade can create violence and instability, regardless of whether it was the supplier’s or buyer’s intention to do so.

Thus, caught in the middle of the problem, the Republic of Iraq calls for compromise and advocates for fair and equal regulation, not prohibition, of the trade of high-tech weaponry. To accomplish this, Iraq looks to the Arms Trade Treaty, put into effect in December of 2014. 189 nations voted in favor of this Treaty, yet only 89 have ratified. Based on this voting pattern, Iraq believes that, with some amendments to the ideas proposed in this treaty, a strong, regulatory resolution could emerge, one that satisfies all of those in favor of limits to the trade.

Iraq looks forward to working with like-minded countries, but also with those who think differently. When it comes to trade of high-tech weapons, Iraq believes working with all nations is crucial to making this world the safe place the United Nations strives to create.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Ireland
Delegate Name: Paul Janes
School: East Grand Rapids High School

The Republic of Ireland is a firm supporter of international weapon trading. Ireland however is also a firm supporter of regulating the trade. The Republic of Ireland signed the Arms Trade Treaty in 2013 which regulates the weapons trade. However in 2015 Ireland based companies exported around 7.3 billion dollars worth of weapons, but all exporting companies were and still are highly regulated. Ireland believes that in situations such as the international weapons trade that it is best to follow the EU’s stance. In this case many countries within the EU have signed the ATT in 2013, and many countries within the EU are weapons exporters themselves. Ireland has been against selling weapons to countries in conflict, and believes that the United Kingdom’s violation of the ATT by dealing arms with Saudi Arabia is not a smart decision. Ireland’s exports in weapons includes guns allowed in the ATT and weapons systems, but Ireland did have around 10% of its total revenue from arm trading in high-tech weapons. These high-tech weapons were dual-use weapons, and none of the weapons traded had the ability to end up in the wrong hands. Dual-use weapons are products and technologies made for civilians, but can have a military application. Dual-use weapons are not prohibited by the ATT, however Ireland still closely monitors the companies exporting these dual-use weapons. Ireland believes that the ATT is something good, and that the weapons trade should be heavily monitored, and restricted when in use. Countries should monitor activities of weapons companies exporting as well.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Israel
Delegate Name: Joseph Allen
School: Roeper School

Greetings esteemed delegates. The great State of Israel delights in the opportunity to collaborate with you all. While traditionally a nation greatly disrespected by the United Nations, Israel sees the pressing issues of our current global community as imperative to solve, and calls upon all nations to set aside petty differences so that a more peaceful and equitable world can be realized for our children.

The State of Israel firmly asserts that diplomacy should be the world’s first basis for the avoidance and resolution of conflict. However, as witnessed in our nation’s long and difficult history, those with conflicting doctrines often act with reckless abandon for all norms of civility, and resort to war rather than to peace. There comes a time when a nation must defend itself in order to survive. Self-defense is a concept as old as man, and is one that has become ever apparent in such times of strife and violence. The proud State of Israel holds dear to its heart the principle of self-defense. In a time when enemies will do everything in their power to bring about destruction, we must band together as a world to use any advantage we can find.

With this fundamental right in mind, the sovereign State of Israel looks favorably upon a global agreement towards establishing more pathways of defense and peace. As a large exporter of arms, and a leader in advanced weaponry, the State of Israel can provide undeniable benefits of such an exchange of defenses. The trade of such goods has peacefully united Israel with nations such as South Africa and India who share similar attacks on their rightful sovereignty. Trade in advanced technology has unmatched civilian benefits as well (1). Where would we be as a world without airplanes, radar, and computer chips; all technologies derived from initial military purposes?

It is important to note that the great State of Israel is advocating for increased trade in these systems in only a primarily defensive capacity. We condemn nations like Russia and Iran who proliferate devastating weapons for the purpose of spilling Israeli blood (2). As a world community, we must stand up against Iran who has been more than willing to provide missiles to terrorist organizations such as Hezbollah (3). Missiles which then rain down every day on our lands, and slaughter countless innocent Israelis. The trade of arms only contributes to global instability when perpetrated by war hungry radicals who want to see the world burn.

The essence of today’s conflict comes down to national defense. In order to stop rising factions of extremism and hatred, we must band together as a world and build an international network for peace. Unfortunately, along with most nations of the world, the proud State of Israel is not privileged enough to live in a region of friendship and acceptance. Every day we must dedicate a significant amount of resources towards defending our fundamental right to exist. Critics calling for an end to the weapons trade are removed from the realities of the world. How can we rationally end our defense program when each day we are greeted by another hailstorm of rockets and terror? With such circumstances in mind, the State of Israel calls upon Norway and Turkey to remove trade embargoes on Israel.

It is foolish and naïve to assume that restricting the arms trade will result in world peace. In fact, quite the opposite is true. The benefits of such an exchange of goods and ideas are undeniable, and by restricting this trade, we smother any hope for a more peaceful future in which our children are able to live in a world of acceptance and tranquility. I proudly call upon the delegates of the world to join with me as we work towards achieving this brighter future.

References:

(1) https://www.sipri.org/research/armament-and-disarmament/dual-use-and-arms-trade-control

(2) http://www.timesofisrael.com/netanyahus-full-remarks-at-un-general-assembly/

(3) http://www.wsj.com/articles/how-iran-fuels-terror-1404849442

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Italy
Delegate Name: Thaddeus Konieczny
School: Williamston High School

International high-tech weapons trade is a major issue in our society. Countries export high tech weapons for many reasons, like warfare. This is an issue because these weapons could fall into the wrong hands. There are instances where the U.S gave Iraq tanks and the Islamic state had captured them. Powerful nation can also use the selling of these weapons to manipulate developing countries who can’t duplicate them. This is an issue that the UN needs to be prepared to handle.

Italy believes that high tech weapons trade should be limited. Italy also believe that countries should be careful about who they sell to, and believe that countries shouldn’t use arms trade to manipulate less powerful countries. Finally, Italy believes that countries should be careful handling the weapons, so as not to harm innocent bystanders. However, Italy does not want to stop trade completely, as Italy is one of the largest weapon exporters in the world.

Italy’s solution is to extend the ATT, or Arms Trade Treaty, which is the first international treaty to set standards for global weapons trade. The ATT already sets standards for trade of conventional arms. Italy, being the first country to ratify the ATT, believes that if the UN adds amendments to the treaty that limits weapons trade further, it could be an effective solution. In addition, since the ATT also promotes human rights, it could be used to prevent misuse of these modern weapons. Italy urges the member states of the General Assembly to vote in favor of this proposal if they want to keep global stability in check.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Japan
Delegate Name: Ju Young Kim
School: Grand Blanc High School

Any resolution on high-tech weapons passed by the United Nations needs to focus on one thing: the careful, deliberate choosing of buyers on part of the nations selling high-tech weapons and subsequently, the need for the United Nations to help develop a set of comprehensive guidelines and encourage the participation of all selling nations in this program.

High-tech weapons will reach opposition forces, regardless of whether or not they buy the technology from selling nations. For example, the Islamic State seizes American Abrams tanks from Iraqi forces who bought the tanks from the United States. Of course, the United States did not sell Abrams tanks to Iraq with the intention of them ending up in the hands of ISIS forces, but that was the inevitable result. This is the pattern of global high-tech arms trade that is extremely difficult to change. For these unfortunate situations to be avoided, nations that sell high-tech weapons need to take all precautions possible in selling to make sure that these valuable weapons do not end up in the wrong hands.

High-tech weapons trade is lucrative. But instead of this trade becoming a source of cash for advanced economies around the world, it needs to be cultivated into a means of protecting the world, giving the right forces the right materials so that we can all work together to achieve a stable, albeit imperfect, peace.

Japan

Grand Blanc High School

DISEC

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Liberia
Delegate Name: Tomilola Oyasiji
School: Grand Blanc High School

Do exporters of high-tech weapons contribute to global instability, or merely take advantage of it? These exporters do contribute to global instability. The countries with many high- tech weapons may export them to countries who can pay the highest price for these weapons. These high paying countries most likely have weapons of their own, but they want to expand on that. This causes an imbalance because the smaller, less influential nations would be left with a scarce amount of high- tech weapons. Liberia is more concerned with the selling of high tech- weapons on an illicit market.

Liberia believes that there should be regulations on these high- tech weapons. There should also be a committee that monitors the frequency in which these weapons enter and leave any given country. The United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Africa (UNREC) and the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) cooperated to provide technical assistance and training to Liberia on marking and registering small arms and light weapons. This assistance, undertaken in cooperation with the National Commission on Small Arms of Liberia and its Ghanaian counterpart, aimed to assist Liberia in implementing the provisions of Security Council resolution 2190 (2014) by which Liberia is to assume complete security responsibilities by June 2016, including on small arms, and is to register and track arms used by its security forces. Marking and registering governmental weapons is a tool to further prevent the diversion of arms into the illicit market and to promote security. A total of 27 Liberian security sector officers received training on marking, registering and record-keeping of arms, with an emphasis on government-owned weapons. US Army mentoring officers from the Armed Forces of Liberia also participated in the exercise. The Liberian National Commission also received a weapons registration software from its colleague in Ghana. During the practical exercise of the training, 40 weapons collected during the Liberian Disarmament Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) program were marked, registered and destroyed.

UNREC and UNMIL intend to further cooperate to assist Liberia in fully engaging with the control of small arms and light weapons in its territory. By registering the high- tech weapons a nation can keep a close eye on the number of weapons being exported out of and imported into that given country. This should be done so that a balance can be reached within countries.

Purchasing entities are not victims. They are just using their resources for their own good. Even if there were a regulation committee on these weapons, Liberia believes that many countries would still figure out a way to receive their weapons. The trade in high-tech weapons is not meaningfully distinct from trade in more conventional munitions. Although you may be trading different types of weapons, they are still both weapons either way. The high- tech weapons would probably have a bigger effect on a society’s stability/ economy than small weapons (such as handguns).

Liberia proposes that there be a committee or advisory that keeps an eye on the number of registered weapons in a country. We as a nation did this, and it was a very efficient way of maintaining the economic stability. This is something the committee should consider because the trade will not be illegalized. Also these regulations will mostly be targeted towards the illicit trading of these weapons.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Libya
Delegate Name: Nadir Hamid
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

The world in the 21st century has become a frightening place to live in because of the use of high tech weapons. From missiles, to tanks, to fighter jets, they have caused harm, death and worry in not only lives of Libyans but everyone. Currently in the world such weapons like Multi-warhead missiles were barred under a 1993 arms reduction treaty between Russia and the U.S. that Russia later annulled. With this type of trade being the third-oldest human profession, we believe that change needs to come about. Statistics show that most countries are now exposed to this weaponry so creating treaties and controlling these weapons is high priority. The Libyan Government needs to address this topic because currently we are being affected by this system of trade. We support the use of these weapons, but only if controls could be created to ensure they do not fall into the wrong hands. And currently millions of innocent civilians are perishing because these missile defense systems, M1A1 Abraham Tanks, and many more weapon systems are getting into the hands of the wrong people. Exposing this technology to the lower class and highly violent terrorist groups will and already has caused destruction and harm to us, which is why we will require the UN’s help in solving this highly-spread issue.

When we look to this issue, Libya realizes it is affecting us directly. As these killing machines are placed in the hands of terrorist’s organizations like ISIS, destruction and harm towards our government surely have been on an increase. Most international forces are finding ways to battle ISIL on Libyan soil. Mr. Mohammed al-Dairi, foreign minister, claims that lifting the current embargo of high tech weapons on the Libyan Government will aid the “government build its army and deal with "rampant terrorism". The Libyan government supports these weapons, but needs control and form a system to make sure these weapons are not obtainable to people with inadequate intentions. Libya is also willing to support any treaties which abide by these ideas that control who obtains these weapons. From a foreign standpoint Mr. Dairi said Libya “needed a "decisive stance" from the international community to be able to tackle the threat”. Currently we are in allegiance with other countries from the organization the Arab League. These countries have agreed to help us by safeguarding our independence and sovereignty along with attempting to help protect our government from different radical groups who are using these weapons for evil which is what is stated by the Arab Charter of Human Rights document.

The Libyan Government proposes the UN to lift embargoes and restrictions towards Libya, helping us fight off terrorist organizations so we can finally have one unified government like the US. “The situation in Libya is extremely bad,” and the “international community would not be spared” if Islamic State isn’t eradicated from the country. The eradication would be possible if the UN lifts these embargoes. Again, we ask for these weapons to only defend our homeland, but only if control and treaties are formed so that these weapons don't play into the hands of terrorist organizations and other radicalists against us.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Malaysia
Delegate Name: Katie Booth
School: Roeper School

In the past three decades a growing trend of local and international trade of high tech weapons has emerged. With the rapidly growing industry in technology and advancements in the weaponry world, Malaysia has explicitly stated that as a nation they are open to the import and export of high tech weapon systems and integrating them into their military. Malaysian Armed Forces rely heavily on the use of local high tech weapons systems, and turn toward the idea of trading and using high tech weapon systems that will be of use and have a beneficial outcome to the nation as a whole.

High tech weaponry from Russia has high export potential for Malaysia. From experience Malaysia can confidently say that the use of Russian hardware has been highly successful in large scale counter terror operations. Russian high tech weaponry has been prosperous in many fields of the Malaysian Armed Forces, including aviation and naval equipment, armoured vehicles, close assault weapons, air defense systems, and majority of arms and training simulators.

Malaysia has a history responsibly handling high tech weapon systems of all varieties, but is concerned with infringements upon Malaysia's sovereignty by certain surrounding nations. This issue would be managed carefully and responsibly, avoiding import or export of high tech weaponry with other nations that would not insure complete protection the nation of Malaysia and its surrounding waters.

Malaysia believes that not only the nation and Its Armed Forces but also many surrounding nations that participate in the trade of high tech weapon systems will benefit greatly overall in regards to national and international security. Malaysia is eager to correspond with all nations regarding the trade of high tech weapon systems.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Mexico
Delegate Name: Reagan Wilson
School: Mattawan High School

As a nation, Mexico feels that the global trade in high tech weapon systems has been a dominating force in contributing to global tension and instability. Mexico recognizes that some documents regulating trade do exist; however, they are not very specific in defining what exactly a high tech weapon system is. Therefore, a distinct definition of such weaponry must be developed, and precise rules and regulations must be put into play.

Due to the ambiguity of what “high tech weaponry” actually is, many large countries are able to exploit what little regulatory system is already in place. Based on economic and political positions, many nations are then able to acquire high tech weaponry from smaller countries, which in turn boosts the economy of both countries. But, the problem arises when less developed nations try to maintain economic growth through production of illegal weapons. This is when it becomes important to to enforce the equivalent status of all nations. Although this does not typically occur, the UN must take steps towards keeping these high tech weapons out of the hands of ill-intentioned countries and strive to discourage the trading of such weapons in order to maintain global peace.

Mexico would like to see a clear definition of “high tech weaponry” in order to eliminate any misunderstanding between nations. Furthermore, Mexico would look favorably upon a possible solution that limits the sellers of these weapons. These nations continue to lose sight of global peace and get too caught up in making a profit off of these weapons. Mexico looks to find a long lasting resolution that encompasses equality and peaceful relations between nations.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Morocco
Delegate Name: Remy Nelson
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

A high Tech weapon ranges from arms to tanks to rocket launchers, and the types of new weapons being produced is endless. High tech, meaning the difference between a handgun and a 20 AGM-65D MAVERICK Missile. The trade in these high tech weapons represents a large portion of our global economy. The United States alone totaled $66.3 billion last year, or more than three-quarters of the global high tech arms market, valued at $85.3 billion in 2011. Russia was a distant second, with $4.8 billion in deals.Weapons sales by the United States tripled in 2011 to a record high, driven by major high tech arms sales to Persian Gulf and Arab league allies concerned about Iran’s regional ambitions, according to a study conducted by the US congress. This year that number has reached $33 billion worth of high tech weapons sold to America's Gulf allies alone since May of last year, with more deals in the works as the business of bombing the Islamic State continues to boom. Morocco as a member of the Arab League aims to knit together a regional missile defense system to protect cities, oil refineries, pipelines and military bases from an Iranian attack; due to a recent attack on an ally of ours, Saudi Arabia. In order to protect ourselves from an attack like this or any other danger, we require the trade of high tech weaponry.

The Kingdom of Morocco, as a key member of the Arab league, serves as an ally to EU, The United States and the Persian Gulf and Maghreb regions. Therefore, our trade in any high tech weaponry is through our more prominent allies. The Western Sahara specifically poses a threat to Morocco due to a territory dispute waged by Algerian-backed Polisario Front guerrillas, and, up until recently, a Mauritania struggle which now threatens to escalate into a large-scale regional and even international conflict. Without the aid we receive through the trade in high tech weapons from the American military, the Kingdom of Morocco is susceptible to conflict and or war. Morocco's accession from the The Arms Trade Treaty is purely strategic due to our need for high tech weapons, more specifically arms. From the US we require many types of high tech weapons in order to protect yourself and ensure the safety and control of the western sahara.

We propose, despite the very principle of national self-determination, that our allies and us can find a way to continue to trade with another in order to ensure the safety of the Western Sahara. Morocco as an allies wishes to keep purchasing high tech weapons from the US and our other allies. Morocco also is committed to banning nuclear and chemical weapons by enforcing the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Netherlands
Delegate Name: Catherine Russell
School: Williamston High School

Trading weapons is one of the oldest human professions the world has. The ancient world benefitted greatly from the exchange in technologies that could allow them to better protect themselves from intruders and those who wished them harm, including a nation they could be warring with. It had allowed an imbalance of power and yet still allowed for a relatively fair fight and would allow conflicts to settle down at a faster pace than if the nation's weapons were too similar, but now the tides are beginning to turn. In recent years, there has been an imbalance of power in the weapons trade. Some nations have been producing several models of their weapons systems, one usually more superior than the others. The nation will keep the best for itself, but trade the weaker ones to other nations. Though this is seen as trying to keep a balance of power, rather than ending conflicts, it could very well make them drag on for a longer time. In addition, it will cause more harm to the populace and in turn, more harm to the environment and economy of the land in which the weapons are used in combat. It is time that the DISEC committee delves into this issue and hopefully comes up with a solution that will benefit all nations.

The Netherlands is ranked as ninth in the world for exporting weapons, however, there are strict regulations in place regarding where our nation will ship the weapons. The kingdom’s government has put bans on weapons trade on some nations such as Saudi Arabia because our nation disagrees with their violation of humanitarian laws and rights. Netherlands believes that if nations put bans or stricter regulations on who arms are traded with, wars may be able to end faster and could be less devastating in the future. However, the bans do not need to be put in place forever, and should be lifted once a country is stable again so the economy of both countries may boost and potential trade relations between countries may be established in the future.

Netherlands would like to write a resolution that would call for stricter policy on high-tech weapon trade control. This could mean halting weapons trade with some nations for some time by means of trade embargo, but they can be lifted when the country reaches stability. The Netherlands would also like to add some humanitarian rights in the resolution, such as aiding the countries whose rights are lacking if they so desire by providing support by UN humanitarian aid and support form humanitarian NGOs. It should not be implemented in any country without consent as not to infringe on the national sovereignty of that nation.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: New Zealand
Delegate Name: Kennedy Hervey
School: Fishers High School

New Zealand stands in firm affirmation of trading weapons and high tech weapons system. Considering the fact that, at least 258 companies in New Zealand involved in the provision of weapons or military- related products and services. The New Zealand Defence Industry Association represents 83 of these companies.Despite NZ participating in numerous arms control treaties, it is actively encouraging the export of military-related goods and services. In the international community, there is no agreed upon definition of weapons or military-related products and services. The estimated value of major NZ military projects currently underway, or planned for completion by 2030 is more than $15 billion, with individual capital equipment projects generally having costs in excess of $15 million. These projects involve contracts with the world’s largests weapons manufacturer, Lockheed Martin, and other major weapons suppliers. New Zealand has a long history of trying to prolongate the trade in regards to weapons and high technology. For instance, since new Zealand has been sending staff to overseas weapons conferences to meet with weapons manufacturers in an effort to expand New Zealand's business opportunities in the sector. These sponsors trade stalls for the industry lobby group, the New Zealand Defense Force and New Zealand companies that have promoted weapons & military-related exports at overseas conferences.

The previous paid off for the nation in the long run considering the fact that since 2013, New Zealand has provided over $425,000 for the Security Technology Alliance business consortium to bid for US security contracts. In addition The New Zealand Callaghan Innovation Fund has provided multiple taxpayer-subsidized grants over the years 2012-2016 to Cubic Defense, the New Zealand subsidiary of US defense contractor, the Cubic Corporation, that holds contracts with the Israeli Defense Force and the US military. Though that's not all the Callaghan Innovation has also provided grants to New Zealand companies that are providing goods and services to overseas militaries including Tait (in excess of $11 million over the period 2008-2015) and Electropar ($447,000 for the period 2010-2014). It is due to the previous that New Zealand's Super Fund holds stock currently valued at $136 million in the world’s largest weapons companies including Boeing, BAE and Raytheon. With New Zealand's strong and prosperous fortune in weapons and high technology trade we urge nations to join the WTO while allowing regulations by the MFAT. Due to the fact, that with the technological advances being made around the world being a member of both the WTO and MFAT are the optimum solutions to combat turmoil probable to occur and present at the hands of unsafe trade agreements.

Considering the fact that, the WTO provides a legally binding process to settle trade disputes. MFAT has taken nine trade disputes to the WTO for settlement on behalf of exporters and the government.The WTO requires all nations meeting to try to resolve the dispute. In addition to a panel discussion in which the complaining country may "ask an adjudicative panel to produce a ruling." Panels comprise three members who hear arguments from the disputing parties and any interested third parties. If the panel decides the measure in question is in breach of the relevant WTO agreement, it will call on the country concerned to bring its laws or policies into line with the agreement. Either party has the right of appeal to the Appellate Body. Though appeals are limited to issues of law covered in the panel report and legal interpretations developed by the panel. In light of the previous It is in regards to the previous that New Zealand advise the following countries to stand in firm affirmation of the WTO in addition to the MFAT regulations; Argentina, Republic of Korea, Latvia, Austria, Lithuania, Belgium, Luxembourg, Bulgaria, Malta, Canada, Mexico, Croatia, Netherlands, Republic of Cyprus, Norway, Czech Republic, Poland, Denmark, Portugal, Estonia, Romania, European Union, Slovak Republic, Finland, Slovenia, France, Spain, Germany, Sweden, Greece, Hungary, Republic of Turkey, Iceland, Ireland, United Kingdom, Italy, United States, and Japan. All of whom already work together to ensure their exports don’t contribute to the proliferation of chemical or biological weapons. Export controls, such as controlled goods lists and permit procedures, are coordinated between the 42 member countries to help ensure that material that could be used to produce weapons of mass destruction doesn’t get into the wrong hands.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Nigeria
Delegate Name: Bridget Owens
School: Mattawan High School

Weapons systems pose a dangerous threat to today’s world, as without peace, development deteriorates. Nuclear weapons pose the greatest threat to human existence; therefore, Nigeria promotes the total and irreversible elimination of nuclear weapons. As a result, for thirteen years, Nigeria has had a steadfast commitment to the Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty.

Nigeria firmly believes that peace and development have an inextricable linkage. High-tech weapons systems create global instability, as development is dependent upon peace. As a foremost promoter of the NPT, Nigeria believes that a cease in the trade and creation of nuclear weapons would create a safer world for all. Nigeria wishes to cease high-tech weapons trade, as this would eliminate the issue of users of exported weapons systems becoming proxies of the exporting state entirely.

Furthermore, although small arms and light weapons do not directly cause the conflicts in which they are used, these weapons affect the magnitude of violence, and do not promote peace. Still, the trade in high-tech weapons systems is much more serious than the proliferation in small arms and light weapons.

Although Nigeria would look favorably upon a more definitive definition of what a high-tech weapons system is, Nigeria desires a compromise favoring peace, and the continuation of NPT. A treaty that more countries have ratified than any other arms limitation and disarmament agreement, NPT shows great potential in the continued effort towards universal peace. This step towards global peace is crucial, and Nigeria hopes all States will come to the understanding that innocent citizen’s safety must be a primary concern.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Norway
Delegate Name: Hannah Kuhlmann
School: Forest Hills Central High School

In the past years High-Tech Weapons Systems have become a problem for some nations, especially when it comes to the trade of them. One problem is the imbalance of power throughout nations. Also, huge amounts of money are being put into the trade of high-tech weapons systems. The trade of these only prolongs unrest in other countries. Weapons systems such as these could get into the wrong hands of people such as terrorists. Because of this we have a strict Export Control Act that helps to not distribute too many nuclear/defense-related products. Multiple steps have to be taken to receive a license and export weapons out of Norway, these rules are under the Export Control Regulations. With regulations like these, we regulations like these we believe that trading high-tech weapons systems can be possible.

One huge reason some countries do not want the trade of high-tech weapons systems is because there is possibilities that they could get into the wrong hands. With terrorists groups such as ISIS, this is a valid concern. There have been many cases where guns have gotten into the wrong hands, but we believe with strict rules like ours we can prevent that from happening.

In this committee, Norway would like to see rules of other countries become more strict in order to insure that weapons will not get into the wrong hands. We want there to be peace between nations, and not tension. If trading can become less dangerous with more limitations, we think that nations can obtain peace on this subject. Especially being so close to a country like Russia, who has many loose nukes, we think that these limitations will serve well for the safety of all nations. Also, with the safe trading of weapons, countries can make allies. This can make it so nations can come together.

In conclusion, Norway believes that, with strict regulations put in place, trading high tech weapons can be a good thing. If we take precautions, some countries will not have all the power, and high-tech weapons trading can bring together countries and make nations bond.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Pakistan
Delegate Name: Celine Rajoulh
School: Saginaw Arts and Sciences Academy

As a country who has suffered greatly as a result of terrorist activities, Pakistan recognizes the importance of regulating trade of high-tech weapons systems. The delegation strongly believes that any resolution discussing trade of high-tech weapons systems must involve striking an appropriate balance of interests and obligations among the exporters and importers as well as the affected states. Any treaty which seeks to address only the transfer of arms but not their development, production and deployment will be internationally inequitable against countries which do not produce such armaments. Although Pakistan voted for the Arms Trade Treaty, it is concerned about the omission of important definitions, which not only departed from established practice, but could be used by exporters to circumvent the treaty’s provisions. Furthermore, Pakistan stresses the view that steps must be taken to ensure that conventional arms were not used for terrorism, transnational organized crime, or violation of international humanitarian law. These partial solutions are the main reason as to why the situation has not been already resolved.

Pakistan acknowledges the benefits of trading high-tech weapons systems, but would like to reassert the urgent need for mutual and balanced reductions in armed forces and conventional armaments in fear of proliferation by an outside party. As one of the top five importers of arms, Pakistan agrees that protecting oneself is a nation’s unalienable right. However, with that right comes the responsibility of ensuring that high-tech weapons systems do not fall into the wrong hands. The delegation is optimistic that a holistic approach to the issue on the basis of constructive multilateralism will be achieved.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Palestine
Delegate Name: Mark Wassink
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

The trade of high-tech weapons systems needs to be resolved for the security of the world. According to The International Institute for Strategic Strategies, the world spends over a trillion dollars on military expenses with 20-30% of it being arms, much of which are high-tech arms. The topic of trade in high-tech weapons systems is important for the committee to address. The security of the countries trading weapons and any countries that are affected. We know first hand of the results of a weapon trade. We understand this as a result of constant threats of the arms trade from Israel. Israel has used high tech weaponry to target Palestinian citizens. Palestine signed the Arms Trade Treaty as a result. The Arms Trade Treaty regulates the trade of arms.

We believe that the UN must take precautions to prevent against the weapons trade. The topic is an issue in Palestine; it deeply affects our citizens. We have supported the Arms Trade Treaty along with 63 other countries. We, the delegates of Palestine understand the the need to limit the trade of high-tech weapons. Adel Atieh, a delegate from Palestine, stated “Drones with lethal autonomous munitions have been extensively used to target Palestinians.” The delegation of Palestine participates in the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons to help aide in the fight against the trade of nuclear weapons. Palestine also recognizes the effects of money given for the trade of high-tech weapons. Israel receives 3.1 billion dollars a year from the United States government. This money is then often used to buy high tech weaponry which will be used on other countries. Effects of the actions stated above are a problem for the countries involved in the weapons trade as well as countries that are victims of the weapons being used. The U.N also recognizes the trade of anti-material weapons, weapons used against material such as buildings as a threat to the security of nations.

In order to prevent the arms trade of high tech weapons, the delegation of Palestine believe that it would be wise to restrict the trade of these weapons by developing strict penalties for countries that engage in the arms trade. Palestine understands the results of the high tech weapons trade from experience through Israel.The delegation of Palestine would like to see sanctions that do and those that use the arms on their neighbors. These could include cutting foreign aid or prohibiting foreign aid from going to these countries. In order to prevent the arms trade of high tech weapons, the people of Palestine believe that it would be wise to restrict the trade of these weapons. The lives of men, women, and children depend on the ability of the DISEC committee to solve these problems. Palestine hopes the resolutions created in this committee will help solve this problem.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Panama
Delegate Name: Alexander McDiarmid
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

Technological advancements in weaponry yield more advanced warfare. A contrast from conventional weapons like firearms, high-tech weaponry includes weaponry like missiles and radar. Also, it is widely known that some countries possess more assets and advantages in both inventing and producing new equipment. Therefore, countries with more capital are able to place more overbearing control over other minorities within their borders, or other adjacent countries. In this way, one country can take advantage of another by trade. Loyalty for protection via high-tech weapons. In order to create that loyalty, trade in massive amounts for these weapons runs rampant. Panama, being subject to such subjugation, is a country that does not have a lot of money or military power, especially considering that trade in Explosive Ammo accounts for about 0.00006% of all export values from Panama.

Panama is in a neutral state on the issue, considering it is currently under protection from the United States because of their close trading relationship. Therefore, Panama does not have to worry about being subordinated. However, the Panama Canal is the bridge between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean that encourages transportation of materials from one country to another. For example, a North Korean ship coming from Cuba carrying dated weaponry was on its way back to North Korea for possible usage in tactical warfare. To counteract this convoy, Panamanian officials seized the ship full of equipment and more regularly supervises the Panama Canal. Officials of Panama will act accordingly toward a United State’s standpoint, in which, the Panamanian Government will receive protection in return for a neutral status in high-tech weaponry affairs.

In order to create a more idealistic protection system against enemies, countries with similarities to Panama should follow under the shadow of other major countries that are willing to provide and protect them in exchange for neutrality in trading high-tech weapons systems. In this sense, Panama will intercept illicit high-tech weapons trades through the Panama Canal, and advocates for heavily monitored trade.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Philippines
Delegate Name: Nicholas Stoll
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

An indiscriminate weapon is defined as “a weapon that cannot be directed at a military objective or whose effects cannot be limited as required by international humanitarian law” (weaponslaw.org). The United Nations has taken steps to limit the use of indiscriminate weapons in conflict by holding the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons and other meetings, but this subject is still an important topic for the DISEC committee because indiscriminate weapons are still taking innocent lives (wikipedia). One such example would be the killing of civilians in the Syrian civil war (iamsyria.org). Our country cares about indiscriminate weapons because they needlessly kill people. Our country as a signer of the Geneva convention has anti indiscriminate weapon policy.

The use of indiscriminate weapons is not currently an issue in the Philippines although, there was recently a problem involving indiscriminate shooting. Which is shooting in an indiscriminate manner such as into the air. One action that the Philippines has taken against indiscriminate weapons is that it has banned all nuclear weapons in Article 2 section 8 of its constitution. Also, the Philippines has signed the ratification of the Biological Weapons Convention which bans the import and production of biological weapons. The Philippines have signed many international treaties limiting the use of indiscriminate weapons. The Philippines have signed the Geneva convention. The Philippines have signed many other treaties and agreements including: the Mutual Defense Treaty in 1951, Convention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity in 1961, Protocol on Blinding Laser Weapons in 1995, Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons, Chemical Weapons Convention in 1983, Protocol on Incendiary Weapons in 1981, Protocol on Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Device in 1980.

The Philippines would recommend increased regulation of weapons and more treaties. Our country would like the international community to take a large role in reducing the use of indiscriminate weapons in conflict. One action that we would like to be taken is that members of the United Nations should create a trade embargo on countries or groups that use indiscriminate weapons. We hope that his will discourage the use of these weapons in conflict.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Portugal
Delegate Name: Tom Muir
School: Williamston High School

The Portuguese Republic has long had an interest in the effective use of high tech weapons systems. These weapons systems provide an effective way to expand the military capability of the Portuguese armed forces and provide an effective barrier against the enemies of our great nation. High tech weapons systems also are critical in the defence of many small nations and their trade must be protected.

The nation of Portugal is deeply affected by the trade in High tech weapons because the Portuguese armed forces import large quantities of these weapons. The advanced weapons that flow into Portugal help to bolster the defensive capabilities of the military and allow our small nation to adequately protect itself. Nut this trade is not one sided and the arms manufactures in Portugal do produce a small surplus of weapons and weapons systems that are exported to countries around the world.

The delegation of the Portuguese Republic believes the best path forward is to allow the trade in high tech weapons systems to continue with minimal restrictions, provided that they be used for purely defensive purposes. This path will not only make the world a safer place but also create bonds between nations that trade these weapons. The trade will also lead to development of new weapons and weapons technologies which can bring about advancement in civilian technologies. The Portuguese Republic believes that restricting the trade in high tech weapons systems would create an unnecessary restriction on global trade and delay the advancement of technology across the world.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Russia
Delegate Name: Courtney Larson
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

Advancements in technology will be made whether wanted or unwanted. These advancements shape the world, and in this case, how wars are fought. Such a trade in inevitable, but the First Committee can take proactive measures to keep these weapons, such as hyper-sonic missiles and drones, from falling into non state party actors, negligence to do so can result in massive civilian casualties. In 2015, $18 billion was spent alone on weapons in the Middle East as reported by the Guardian. The stakes of keeping these weapons out of rebel insurgents and terrorists groups grasp have never been higher. To propose to eliminate these weapons altogether would only suffice to expand the illegal market in them where these weapons of potential mass destruction could be sold to any party.

The Russian Federation is one of the largest suppliers and manufacturers of high-tech weapons. Its sales totaled $14.5 billion as reported by President Putin. The Russian Federation follows all legalities when it comes to the trade of these weapons and takes proper security measures. However, the Russian Federation, as a manufacturer, is concerned with the accountability some nations would like to hold them for in prolonging conflicts. While the sell of weapons encourages alliances between nations, such countries that buy high-tech weapons are by no means proxies of the exporting nation.

The Russian Federation encourages the First Committee to review the sell of weapons to non state party actors, take protective measures in securing high-tech weapons, and encourages the distinction between the manufacturers of such weapons and the accountability they hold when these weapons are deployed by other countries.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Rwanda
Delegate Name: Taegan Long
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

Trade has been considered one of the oldest human professions, from silk, spices, and raw materials to fire arms and nuclear goods. With each new technological development, there is always a weaponry development that closely follows.This allows countries who produce those goods military advantages over countries that do not and could not afford them otherwise. However, with the increase of affordability in production and price in the defense industry, and the increase in military spending, the assumption of weapons have become issues across the globe. Both small arms (revolvers, pistols, submachine guns, and light machine guns) and high-tech weapons (nuclear power, drone warfare, discriminant weapons) have become global trade problems, as many countries try to get ahold of any weapons they can. With small arms and light weapons (SALW) being a major factor to the violence in Africa and the genocides of the Rwandan Civil War of 1990, and the violence in DRC resulting from the Rwandan Civil War, there has been discussion amongst the East African Community (EAC) about adopting the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT).

The Rwandan War and Genocide of 1992 showed just how dangerous the selling of small arms and light weapons to countries plagued by ethnic, religious, and national strife can be. With most civilian casualties being caused by SALWs in wars in Africa, it has been an increasing issue and violation of international law, and sparks tensions and border disputes. The United Nations´ International Trade Committee, however, continues to ignore trade in SALWs, focusing more on the dangers of nuclear arms proliferation. This has caused an increase in the sales of SALW in third world countries to go below the radar, leading to an increase in SALW in Rwanda, warfare, and the undermining of peacekeeping efforts. To help address this issue, Rwanda has met with the EAC to adopt the ATT, which would allow restriction of trade of weapons, and to focus on issues such as conventional arms, SALW, and ammunition. The purpose of the ATT would be to regulate international transfers of all conventional arms, and contribute to the full regulation of small arms availability, with the focus to protect citizens from the dangers of weapon transfers across countries, and borders. Due to the fact many countries in East Africa do not have the money to buy or create High-Tech weapons, governments and militaries generally rely on SALWs. As a result, many of these countries know how dangerous small arms can be and how deadly they are. To decrease the likelihood of SALWs getting into countries in high numbers, the EAC hopes the ATT would regulate both government spending on weapons, and the transfer of these weapons over borders. ATT hopes to create an elaborate and legally binding instrument on the highest possible international standards form the transfer or trade of conventional arms.

To help address the recurring issues of the trade in SALW in Africa and third world countries, the Country of Rwanda proposes the idea of the Arms Trade Treaty, which would tighten the restrictions of trade and focus on the categories of transfer, including gifts and loans, temporary transfer, retransfer, technical assistance, leases and trans-shipment, that has often been overlooked, and usually lead to war and massacre.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Saudi Arabia
Delegate Name: Mackenzie Blackwell
School: Royal Oak High School

Weapons trade is one of the fastest growing industries in our global economy, and it is not going to be slowing down or time or stopping any time soon. Because of that, taking advantage of the opportunities it provides for a country, whether it be the selling or purchasing of weapons, is crucial. If a country chooses not to partake in the global weapons trade, that is up to them, but those that wish to partake in the trading of weapons should be able to do so without punishment. Weapons trade is a permanent part of our global economy and therefore should be seen as such, rather than as an instigator in conflict.

As the committee moves forward with a resolution trying to solve the pressing issue of weapons trade, especially high-tech weapons trade, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia would like to ask the committee to try to come up with a definition of a high-tech weapon, as well as keep in mind the fact that our global economy is, just that, a global one, and what one country decides to do with another should go without interference.

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is excited to work with the rest of the committee to come up with answers to the ever pressing questions regarding weapons trade and has confidence that DISEC will be able to come up with a good resolution for all.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Senegal
Delegate Name: Samuel Thorpe
School: Grand Rapids City High School

In a world shaped by sectarian conflict, the weapons used by the combatants makes all the more difference. As powerful nations develop even more extreme weapons, these same weapons fall into the hands of terrorists and nations using them for the wrong purpose. Powerful nations are selling their weapons to these groups with little to no oversight into their activities. Limiting the sale and trade of these high tech weapons systems is a priority for every nation that desires both national and world security and as such is a priority of the United Nations as well. The United Nations must develop tougher safeguards against the sale of weapons to less than reputable third parties. Nations should not be able to freely sell weapons to other parties throughout the world without some oversight.

Trade in any weapons or munitions can be a detriment to global security and safety, but high tech weapons systems can be the most devastating. These weapon systems are the difference in a small rebel group posing little to no threat to an entire nation of terrorists threating the world. This is a global problem affecting nearly all nations, and this should make the trade in high tech weapons systems a serious concern of the United Nations. To solve this problem effectively there must be a coalition between nations affected by the use of these weapons and the powerful nations developing and trading them. The current safeguards against this trade is nowhere near what must be done to make the world a better and safer place.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Serbia
Delegate Name: Abigail Zoetewey
School: Grand Rapids City High School

These exporters are only taking advantage of the conflict that already exists. The Republic of Serbia is itself a main exporter of these high tech weapons systems. It is the main exporter of arms in the region according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Serbia believes that the market at the moment is good for the trade of these weapons. Serbia is a small country which needs the ability to purchase and export these weapons that are necessary to protect itself and to stimulate the growth and stability of the Serbian economy being one of the largest industries in Serbia.

Serbia is using the conflict in these other countries to keep the country economically stable. If Serbia was unable to sell these weapons the economy would be tanking. Serbia is a very large producer of missiles and the purchase of these missiles by these smaller countries is helping them stay on the map. Without these weapons the countries in question including Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Syria, and Libya would not be able to keep up with each other and one may destroy the other without the fear that the other countries they are fighting doing the same thing to them.

The trade of high-tech weapons is is not meaningfully different from trade in more conventional munitions. While one type may be more effective in combat the trade aspect is not different. These high tech weapons need to be marketed just the same as how normal munitions are to be marketed. They create the same relationships between countries that ordinary munitions trade does. It builds trust between friendly nations.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Singapore
Delegate Name: Jack Deslippe
School: Royal Oak High School

For a nation state like Singapore, a functioning defense is vital to the nation's survival. In August of this year there was a planned attack from an island 10 miles away. If officials had not discovered the plot, countless lives could have been lost before they were stopped if we did not have the use of our advanced weaponry, which we obtained through trade.

The transport of high-tech weapons and the materials needs to be strictly regulated. Terrorists kill thousands of people every year, and if they managed to get ahold of advanced weaponry the number of casualties will sky rocket. Although we need to be careful, advanced weaponry can also be used for defensive purposes without causing any unnecessary damage any private property, landscape, or people.

We need, as a global community, must have stricter regulation on the transport of high tech weapons, in order to prevent terrorist organizations from seizing them. The international trade of advanced weaponry cannot be banned, this would leave smaller nations from keeping pace with global superpowers.

While we need to careful with how we handle the transportation of high tech weapons, they are needed for the defense of small nations. The ability to buy high tech weapons needs to be preserved, but if every nation works together, we can keep these dangerous weapons from falling into the hands of those who wish to use them for harm.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Somalia
Delegate Name: Sophia Papp
School: Royal Oak High School

Since the founding of The Federal Republic of Somalia's current government after decades of anarchy, we have strived to rebuild, arm, and train a secure armed forces. A strong military is a priority as we lose lives to terrorist groups, experience mass emigrations due to terror, and loose money and recourses to pirates on our coast. A strong armed forces can help combat terrorist states, unite citizens under one competent government, increase coastal security, and establish a powerful global presence for Somalia. If we fail to support a well-armed military, we cannot grow as a country in peace.

As national poverty and lack of adequate federal funding restricts our government from greatly investing in the production and trade of arms and technology, we have been graciously given armed vehicles and supplies from states like the United States of America, Italy, and the European Union. As appreciative we of these efforts, Somalia has an unfortunate history of weapons and military supplies falling into the hands of terrorist groups such as Al Shabaab. As much as we'd like to like to continue the exporting of weapons to struggling nations, trade security is a pressing issue. Trains and vehicles importing weapons to Somalia are frequently intercepted by terrorist groups, only increasing hostility. Pirates off of the coast of our Puntland region prosper off of our loss of high-tech goods due to lack of military and coast guard strength. We would like to see global action taken to prevent this phenomenon, weakening the terrorist and pirate groups who are fueled by their thefts. Higher transportation security, national security, and and the protection of transportation statuses will contribute to safer high-tech weapon trades internationally.

Although lowering the casualties caused by misplaced weapons is a priority of Somalia, we do not want to disregard the fact that higher trade regulations will suppress the growth of our armed forces. Therefore, Somalia was not a signatory of the Arms Trade Treaty (2014). Countries like the United States who support the growth of our armed forces by exporting weapons to us are not accountable for any of the possibly harmful consequences as they did not provoke it. As technology advances, it is only fair that more unstable, vulnerable countries have powerful forces for defensive purposes. As weapon production corruption is clearly pushed aside by more pressing issues, we are glad to retrieve almost any technology. To avoid future conflicts in trade, though, we would like to see regulations of the quality of weapons manufactured established and enforced.

Somalia looks forward to making process on the security of weapon imports and therefore our national security; along with global security and cooperation.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: South Africa
Delegate Name: Victoria Minka
School: Kalamazoo Central High School

In 1989 South Africa was the first and only nation to dismantle all of its nuclear weapons of their own free will. Since then, we in South Africa have taken a firm stance against all use of this form of weaponry, hoping to act as a beacon of peace to other powerful nations who were building large nuclear arsenals of their own. Instead, South Africans use the Uranium native to our country, or that it recovers from old nuclear weaponry, to make strides in nuclear energy, technology, and use as a medical isotope. As a whole, we in South Africa are firmly set against nuclear weaponry and we have been an active voice in nuclear nonproliferation.

Since South Africa dismantled its nuclear weapons, we have played a critical role in encouraging other nations to continue forward with nuclear nonproliferation and placing focus on nuclear energy instead of nuclear weaponry. This is enforced by the fact that South Africa has signed all major resolutions regarding the nonproliferation of nuclear weapons in the United Nations since FW de Klerk became President in 1989. Some of the treaties that we have ratified are the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water (PTBT), and the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). The passing of these treaties clearly shows South Africa’s unyielding stance when it comes to nuclear nonproliferation. Our nation of South Africa also supports the idea that exporters of high-tech weapons contribute to global instability, which is shown through our ratification of NPT whose objective is to stop the spread of nuclear weapons and nuclear technology. Even though some nations may spread nuclear weapons and technology to make more money or gain intelligence, we in South Africa believe that this attitude towards nuclear weaponry only makes our world less stable and countries that spread nuclear weaponry should be held accountable for the major role they have played.

The nation of South Africa is also part of several organizations outside of the United Nations that supports these same ideals, such as the Nuclear Suppliers Group, the Wassenaar Arrangement, and The Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR). Much like the Nuclear Suppliers Group, our country believes there should be limits placed on all nuclear related exports, since the knowledge of different forms of technology and the movement of high-enriched Uranium (which is used in nuclear weapons) is extremely important to global security. However, South Africa has a great deal of high-enriched Uranium as well as being at the forefront of nuclear technology and energy, so we support the sharing of knowledge to help find peaceful ways to successfully use nuclear materials. Many other African nations are similar to our South Africa, since Uranium is a more common resource in Africa than in other places around the globe. Due to this large amount of Uranium in the area, South Africa and 42 other African nations signed the African Nuclear-Weapon-Free-Zone Treaty (Treaty of Pelindaba), showing their willingness to stand together and find ways to regulate nuclear activities in a peaceful manner. South Africa does not believe that any country purchasing nuclear weapons is a victim, but is in fact a nation that needs to stand with nonproliferation efforts to stop the use of nuclear weapons altogether.

Due to our firm stance on nonproliferation for several decades now, South Africa has created a great deal of allies over the common ideal that nuclear weaponry is too great a threat to global stability and environmental health to continue. Many of our allies are African nations or other states that took ratified treaties regarding nuclear disarmament in the United Nations (Austria, Brazil, Ireland, Mexico, and Nigeria). We have also cultivated agreements with several world powers as we continue to try and develop nuclear power plants in our great nation. We in South Africa are proud to stand by a great deal of other powerful nations as we push for a more peaceful world without the trade of nuclear weaponry that is devastating to all of mankind, no matter their country of origin.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: South Korea
Delegate Name: Samuel Canfield
School: Kalamazoo Central High School

In recent years, high-tech weapons systems have been widely used by militaries that fight for the good of the Middle East, but also by terrorist groups and evil governments that have personal goals that involve the deaths of thousands and thousands of people. Trade in high-tech weapons systems has caused distrust amongst countries and complications during war. Many countries may argue that without high-tech weapons systems, wars will be less bloody, and insurgent groups will have less leverage over local governments and the global climate.

The delegation from the Republic of Korea acknowledges all of these sentiments and arguments that use the examples listed above to say that trade in high-tech weapons systems is dangerous and should be limited or even abolished. However, the delegation would like to highlight the good that comes from trade in high-tech weapons systems. First off, trade in these kinds of weapons allows countries that have no other way of defending themselves from terrorist groups to defend themselves, and countries like Israel to shoot down missiles with modern technology. Secondly, trade in high-tech weapons systems, is trade nonetheless, and thus builds the global economy. The modern era has brought about a very globalist atmosphere, and commerce, regardless of what kind it is, is productive and helps cement this friendly and open time into history.

The delegation from South Korea urges all other delegates and organizations to overlook the violence and chaos that the proliferation of high-tech weapons systems can bring. Instead, it believes that this trade boosts the economies of countries around the world, especially those that are invested in this type of multinational commerce. The Republic of Korea believes that the regulated trade of high-tech weapons systems will promote good relations and provide defense to the countries that need it from weapons of mass destruction, radical insurgencies, or any of the other countless present threats to peace.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Spain
Delegate Name: Noah Crampton
School: Forest Hills Northern High School

In regard to revolutions in areas of tyrannical governments, the arms trade plays an important role in the course of these civilian rebellions against non-peaceful dictatorships and military states. Countries that may not be directly involved in a military conflict still have the power to influence the course of these conflicts through the trade of high tech weapons systems. These weapons systems have immense power, and can aid otherwise powerless peoples in achieving revolution, as well as vice versa. An even larger problem is when groups or countries receiving high tech weapons systems find themselves in situations of defeat during combat, this can cause weaponry to fall into the wrong hands, giving non-peaceful peoples more power and leverage in the spread of tyranny.

A primary goal of the UN, specifically DISEC, is to spread peace to unstable areas of the world, but high tech arms trading can often hinder this process when the aforementioned tyrannical powers gain use of these weapons that they would not otherwise have.

Due to Spain’s recent economic crisis, the Spanish economy is only recently able to export larges amounts of goods, including high tech weaponry. Due to the internal issues in Spain during the Francoist regime, Spain is relatively new to the weapons trade, and has only recently begun to produce high tech weaponry in coincidence with the expansion of the Spanish military. Along with this, Spain has not developed nuclear warheads. This is not only due to previous instability within Spain, but also due to Spain's signing of various treaties such as the The Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). Spain seeks to reduce the armaments obtained by tyrannical governments, in accordance with treaties previously signed by the nation of Spain. As the ninth largest exporter of weaponry in the world, mainly to the United Arab Emirates, United States of America, and Saudi Arabia, Spain seeks to only export weapons to peace loving countries looking to defend themselves in the face of tyranny.

As a country committed to peace, member of NATO, and the EU, Spain is in the accordance with the beliefs of other NATO and EU members. Due to years of military instability in Spain, we recognize the negative effects armaments can create when they fall into the wrong hands. In accordance with the NPT, Spain seeks to eliminate the production as well as possessions of nuclear warheads by all countries. Spain believes that responsible countries, such as EU member nations, retain the right to hold armaments in order to defend themselves against evil, opposing, military powers, but Spain seeks to remove the vast armaments in regions of instability in order to restore peace to these states. Spain believes this could be achieved by offering incentives to unstable countries, seeking peace accords with these countries, such as new treaties on the basis of high tech weaponry and its production, as well as decreasing the production, exportation, and manipulation of armaments by all countries.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Sweden
Delegate Name: Alec Norris
School: Forest Hills Central High School

Sweden is the twelfth largest arms dealer in the world, they export, pistols, rifles, anti-tank and artillery weapons, attack helicopters, and jets. While the Swedish government often takes a neutral position in international conflicts and offers assistance through peacekeeping missions and foreign aid, it has continued to send military equipment to regimes accused of human rights abuses, including Saudi Arabia, Thailand, Bahrain and Egypt.

Sweden takes a neutral stand on most conflicts, they seem innocent but they deal a lot of weaponry. Sweden’s biggest exporter is the company Saab. They make 50 percent of their weapons. Their exports are monitored by the UN and they are regulated. Sweden does not export conventional arms or weapons of mass destruction. Sweden follows strict laws for exporting goods, the United Nations Security Council prohibits them from selling to threats of genocide, trafficking of conventional arms, and makes all exporters obey an embargo. Sweden also signed the ATT (Arms Trade Treaty) regulates trade as well. But Sweden’s imports on weapons is not Regulated by the ATT. Only the UNSC can prohibit what they import.

Sweden being one of the biggest exporters ($53.05 per capita) and also keeping the imports unregulated in national legislation, took a neutral side on this problem. The exporting of weapons should be regulated by the UNSC and the country has to follow the ATT, but importing should be monitored but not regulated. Sweden wants an unlimited quantity of buying weapons to increase profits. So Sweden believes the regulation should stay untouched and not become any stricter.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Switzerland
Delegate Name: Ethan Fraley-Burgett
School: Kalamazoo Central High School

Switzerland in the past has not found it necessary to make strict boundaries on high tech

weaponry because there has not been many occurrences of high tech weaponry being used in or against Switzerland. Switzerland doesn't have a need for these weapons because there is no really large foreign threat to Switzerland at the moment.

Internationally, we need laws to restrict these weapons from falling into the wrong hands or stop these weapons from being sold altogether. Countries that this affects most should decide this topic in its own country to create a resolution that works for everyone. Switzerland hopes it would work more for those in need of restrictions on these weapons.

Switzerland in the end wants only for there to be no conflict that may include these high tech weapon systems that have become such a controversial topic. The main problem is that some certain countries believe that these weapons are necessary for self defense against rival countries with similar weaponry that they believe may be used against them. To fix this is to make laws against the use of these weapons altogether so that they cannot be traded or used in a bad manor.

Another concern Switzerland has is the eventual use of these weapons that could start wars which we believe nobody wants. If we stop these weapons from being distributed or built then there will be a considerable lesser threat of any war or wars happening. The more this issue is dragged out the higher the chance that these weapons fall into the wrong hands so this issue should be decided thoughtfully and swiftly.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Syria
Delegate Name: Josiah Sherk
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

The legal trade of high-tech weapons such as hyper-sonic missiles and drones is an economic machine that enables countries to maintain their military power while circulating money. The market is indifferent–weapons go wherever the money is. In 2015 alone, around $18 billion was spent on the arms trade in the Middle East. The problem is not in the trade of sophisticated weapons systems itself, it is in the lack of restrictions on the parties that can buy them. If a group has money, it can obtain these weapons. For example, some weapons originally owned by Jordan and even the U.S. have ended up in the hands of terror and rebel groups such as ISIS, resulting in decreasing stability throughout the Middle East and in Syria. The Syrian government is trying to suppress growing terror groups who are aiming to destabilize the country, but many of them have weapons as sophisticated as the Syrian government’s. Syria urges that the market should be monitored so that hostile non-state parties cannot legally obtain high-tech weapons.

The trade of high-tech weapons is present in Syria. Syria is buying sophisticated weapons systems from established countries such as Russia. In fact, Syria has funneled out over $16 billion dollars over the past 5 years to countries such as Russia and the U. S. for missiles, armored vehicles and guns. In order to maintain stability and combat forming terror groups in Syria, it is necessary for the government to continually upgrade its armory. When sold to non-state parties, however, high-tech weapons only amplify an already unstable situation. At a recent Security Council meeting on October 28, 2016, United Nations representative Dr. Bashar Al Jaafari revealed that a terror group east of Aleppo had just received U.S. made missiles to use against Aleppo. These same terror groups are slaughtering civilians and using them as human shields while seeking to destabilize the Syrian government. This unregulated arms trade is strengthening hostile groups such as ISIS that many nations are trying to suppress.

This December we urge that the committee considers the ramifications of allowing non-state parties to purchase high-tech weapons. Whether this be restricting the weapons trade to nation states or simply redefining which non-state parties are fit to receive weapons based on their past use of them, these are critical objectives as they will turn the tide of unrest in the Middle East. The more we allow non-state parties to obtain sophisticated weapons, the more we endanger innocent civilians and risk the downfall of entire governments.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Turkey
Delegate Name: Brett Bauman
School: Forest Hills Northern High School

As new weapons technologies are developed, there are always more people who want to have their hands on them. Whether it be a terrorist group, an individual, or a nation, everyone wants to be in possession of the latest high-tech weapons, which has led to a lucrative trade in high-tech weapons, especially in the Middle East. The proliferation of both conventional and high-tech weapons is a serious concern for the nation of Turkey because of its location in conflict-prone areas.

Turkey relies heavily on high-tech weapons trade with many different countries due to its position in the many conflicts in the Middle East. Recently, Turkey has spent billions making our military stronger to be able to defend our citizens against the many threats that are posed by certain groups in the Middle East. Turkey has recently created a high-powered laser weapons system along with purchasing air-to air missile systems. Because the situation in Syria has escalated in the past years, Turkey is becoming even more dependent on purchasing high-tech weapons so that it can help protect its own borders and help protect other countries. Additionally, Turkey’s own defense industry is a critical part of its economy. Turkey is building and selling more and more of its own weapons to other countries in the Middle East and Africa, and therefore serious restrictions on the weapons trade would damage the Turkish economy. Last year, Turkey exported over $550 million in weapons and Turkey is now the world’s 16th largest arms exporter.

Turkey was a signatory of the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) which entered into effect in December of 2014 and regulated international trade in arms ranging from rifles to battle tanks and aircraft carriers. Additionally, an enhanced system of export controls is used in Turkey that is in line with the standards of the European Union. The export of sensitive and dual-use materials is controlled by a two-tier mechanism that involves separate processes of licensing.

Turkey is in favor of better regulation in the trade of High-Tech weapons systems, but does not want to see the trade of these weapons systems severely restricted because Turkey relies on them to help secure its borders in this time of increased violence in the Middle East. Turkey is an important ally for NATO and the UN in the Middle East and therefore should be allowed to continue in its trade of weapons systems to help de-escalate the situation in Syria. Additionally, a restriction on high-tech weapons trade would severely harm the already fragile Turkish economy.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Uganda
Delegate Name: Emma Ellefson-Frank
School: Williamston High School

The most important issue in the trade if high-tech weapons is the trade to illicit parties. This can result in terrorist attacks and civilian death. Many counties have already recognized the issue of high-tech weapons ending up in the wrong hands and have made an effort to control who is able to obtain these weapons. As a second response, the nations selling the weapons have made lower quality equipment for the nations buying them. This strategy is so that the producing countries can always have “a leg up” on the consuming countries or state parties. An example of this is when the United States sold armoured vehicles to Iraq. The vehicles sold to the Iraqis had much less advanced armor making them substantially more vulnerable.

Uganda is very interested in stopping fraud in trading high-tech weaponry because Uganda as a country does not have the resources to build all of their own weapons. Therefore Uganda relies on other countries with the utilities to make these weapons. In addition to the inequality of weapons trading, trades of goods and materials between Russia and China have become severely unbalanced within the last three years. This can cause unhealthy relationships between countries. As a nation that trades with many countries, it is important to Uganda that other nations remain legitimate when trading. Many countries and state parties have already signed the Arms Trade Treaty which recognizes the need to eradicate the trade of weapons to illicit parties.

In an effort to resolve the issue of trading weapons to illicit parties, Uganda proposes that more countries sign the Arms Trade treaty. As for the issue of trading inferior weapons, Uganda proposes to institute an inspection of the weapons. This would help by reducing the difference between the weapons being traded. It would also help benefit countries that rely on other nations for some of their weapons, some of these parties would include Kenya and South Sudan. If the weapons provided to all the countries without the means necessary to make them were significantly inferior, these countries would struggle to protect themselves, that is why it is important for them to have adequate defense. Uganda would expect Kenya and South Sudan to agree with them on many of their main points.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: United Kingdom
Delegate Name: Camila La Mont
School: Instituto Educativo Olinca

Developed countries have always been the most prominent participants in the trade of weapons in general, implicitly, in the trade of high-tech weapons systems as well; the United Kingdom included in the aforementioned developed countries.

A study released by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) and a similar study done by the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) reveal that, overall, the top five military spenders in 2015 were: The United States, China, Saudi Arabia, Russia and The United Kingdom.

Arguably, the economy of some developed countries partially relies on the trade in innovative high-tech weapons, the most common recipients of this market being developing countries, which, in an attempt to modernize the nation, acquire said weapons.

Position:

Although The United Kingdom is a prominent Weapons exporter, the government has asserted that it actively tries to comply with the arms embargoes and trade restrictions constituted by International Organizations, The United Nations and the government itself. The UK is considered generally supportive of weapons commerce restrictions.

Since countries experiencing armed conflict are usually in more need of high-tech weapons and military equipment overall, the Weapons Market is, consequentially, partially targeted at countries that actually put said weapons into use, seen as not all major weapons exporters respect trade control limitations, however, as mentioned before, the main weapons importers are developing nations seeking to improve and modernize their military.

The main customers of the United Kingdom's Weapons Market are consistently NATO partners but, particularly; The United States, India, Saudi Arabia and South Africa.

The United Kingdom vehemently believes that, although it is essentially impossible to follow all existent trade restrictions since these are frequently updated and altered, every country involved in the trade of military equipment altogether should acknowledge and try to comply with said restrictions.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: United States
Delegate Name: Alex Plouff
School: Forest Hills Central High School

The United States of America is committed to protecting its arms distribution, while complying with the consensus of the international community as a whole. The Second Amendment is a historical and important part of our history, but it is also one that needs to be controlled with earnest attention. The United States opposes any international provisions that would limit the export and import abilities of our country as a whole, on the basis of our national security interests, and any foreign affairs we deem necessary to secure a safe international community for all. The government of the United States firmly believes that the exportation of weapons only contributes to international security, when the exportation is going into the right hands, and follows the guidelines of the Arms Trade Treaty. We recognize each sovereign state's right to determine how to deal with conventional arms exclusively within its own borders.

The international arms trade market is a legitimate, and positive force in the international sphere, and should not be hindered. The United States’ commitment to exporting weapons systems to safe and secure people's, will benefit the security of the international community by not leaving states vulnerable. Furthermore the United States has many systems of control in place in order to secure that we will always provide the top notch products we can produce. We engage states, as the great Teddy Roosevelt once said, “Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.” We do not condone the use of these weapons; however, we see them as necessary to keeping a fair balance. The United States greatly encourages the cooperation and following of the ATT, but ensures that there be no mandate for an international body to enforce the ATT guidelines. We, along with many other nations, follow these specific guidelines in order to ensure that these arms trades are used for legitimate purposes.

The United States is committed to following and encouraging other nations to follow the ATT in order to keep the weapon trade business out of the hands of rogue nations, and terrorist organizations. We urge nations when participating in the arms trade to consider the nation's past, and vulnerabilities to lose control of the weapons systems into the wrong hands. Also we encourage that weapons trades be used explicitly for the stabilization of regions, and responding legitimately to the nation’s needs to secure its sovereignty and to eliminate external threats. The abuse of international security by nations must be addressed by the community as a whole in order for the most firm results. The United States cannot stress enough how the decisions we are to make must be a popular consensus in order to get the best results. Above all the United States reiterates the fact that all decisions must be made by the nation itself, and national sovereignty should be respected by participating nations.

The free market is what drives the world economy and the arms trade is no exception to this. We must protect a nation's right to import and export weapons. While, at the same time be vigilant as a community to secure weapons in trustworthy hands. We must also work as a community to make the world a safer place by leaving nobody vulnerable to unwarranted attacks whether it be from another nation, or terrorist organization. The United States looks forward to cooperation with all nations at this assembly.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Uruguay
Delegate Name: Rachel Dick
School: Vicksburg High School

Uruguay is proud to be among the safest nations in South America. Still, our national gun laws are less strict than the comparative global view. Uruguay finds that in most crimes committed with a gun, the weapon was obtained illegally. Uruguay believes that this extends to high tech weaponry as well. While Uruguay is a peaceful country, it is still a prominent source of illegal weapons trade in South America.

It is often neighboring nations who commit these crimes. The theft of some 18,000 pieces of ammunition took place at the Santa Bernardina Air Base from November of 2014, to February of 2015. The stolen weaponry was later traced back to crime groups of fellow South American country Brazil.

Nations who deal in the trade of weaponry, both small and high tech, should take care that such weaponry doesn't fall into the wrong hands — the hands of criminals and terrorists. This involves careful security, and the cleaning up of corrupt soldiers and officers with whom we entrust high tech weaponry.

Uruguay stands that the legal trade of high tech weaponry must be kept intact so friendly nations are able to keep their citizens safe from unfriendly enemies. High tech weapons may be used for terrorist activity, but are also used to defend against it. We also acknowledge how the trade of high-tech weapons among countries can lead to stronger bonds, and will further our world's technological knowledge. When such weapons are trades safely, both parties can benefit. Still, we must keep the dangers and risks in mind as we move on in our increasingly high-tech world.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Venezuela
Delegate Name: Tyler Krasny
School: Mattawan High School

Venezuela feels that, undoubtedly, the trade of high-tech weapon systems is contributing to the global instability our world faces. While several trade-restricting documents currently float around, none are specific enough in defining and limiting the trade of high-tech weaponry. Venezuela feels that, to properly address the unrest created through high-tech weapon trading, a clear definition of “high-tech weaponry” and a strong set of restrictions must be applied.

The source of the issues created by the trading of high-tech weapons is undoubtedly the seller, distributor, of the weapons. Countries buying the weapons undoubtedly feel the pressures of maintaining a strong military force for self defense, whereas the countries selling the weapons seek only to profit and promote their own interests, rather than truly analyzing the situation at hand. During the Cold War, for example, the United States supplied countless South American countries with weaponry to promote their interest, leading to the ongoing volatility within our beloved continent. Thus, from Venezuela’s perspective, arguments surrounding the need for open trade and that these weapons provide an equal playing field cannot be looked favorably upon. This viewpoint creates an escalation in militarization, undoubtedly leaving smaller countries behind, no matter the amount of trade, and leads to universal tensions over which country will use their newfound arsenal first.

To solve this issue, Venezuela would like to see the definition of “high-tech” weapons explicitly defined, and current arms trade restrictions bolstered. A failure to properly classify weapons and to strengthen the current treaties will undoubtedly result in large countries continuing to exploit the system, and further escalation towards war. Hence, clauses that limit the sellers of these weapons would be the best solution, as buyers are merely staying competitive, while sellers continue to lose sight of peace. Specifically, a solution involving say, for example, a 90% reduction of current exports as a minimum to all countries could be effective for reducing global unrest.

In conclusion, the blame for the global unrest has to fall on the selling countries, as they aim to profit and promote their own interests throughout the globe. Venezuela is open to working with other countries who are deeply concerned with the current escalation, and seeks to find a peaceful, study, and long-lasting solution to this issue.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Vietnam
Delegate Name: Elliot Silk
School: Roeper School

It has come to Vietnam’s attention that other nations have participated in the insidious act of exchanging high-tech weapon systems. Vietnam will not tolerate such actions, due to the fact that they foster international tensions. In the year 2012, a retired Russian officer, Viktor Yesin, released a statement that estimated China’s nuclear weapon count at 1,800. There is never going to be a reason to harbor this many weapons of mass destruction. To put it plainly: Vietnam condemns nations with high-tech weapons of mass destruction. The exchange of high tech weapon systems exponentially increase the amount manufactured, and spread the danger. As more sophisticated weapon technology manifests in nations, the potential energy of danger dramatically increases. Naturally, when the potential energy reaches its apex, it falls to a resting state—all nukes will be released. It will take one country to make an irrational decision. The result will be a snowball. Every nation with allies will release their force on others. Russia is rumored to have a nuke that has a damage radius of 100 miles (or 161 kilometers). The ramifications will be significantly greater. Crops will die, ground will become infertile, radiation zones will occur, and innocent citizens will contract forms of cancer. Therefore, the delegation from Vietnam sincerely believes that nuclear weapons, or any other highly sophisticated weapons should be inventoried by the United Nations. This should be a requirement for every nation with a nuclear policy. The delegation of Vietnam looks forward to a smooth and cooperative conclusion to this terrible issue.

Topic: Trade in High-Tech Weapons Systems
Country: Yemen
Delegate Name: Adam Delanoy
School: Forest Hills Central High School

The Middle East right now is in turmoil and the unregulated spread of high tech weapon is supplying war. Bigger countries such as The US, Russia and Iran can affect the country's heavily by selling weapons. This can turn the tide of a rebellion or help the government in charge and Yemen is a great example.

The Trade of High tech weapons must have a resolution and this affects Yemen directly. The Houthi rebels in yemen are supported, Iran has been “supplying” the rebels with weapons to help fight the government. This has lead to them taking northern yemen since the election and tearing the nation in two. The separation and fighting has sent the country into famine with many people dying of starvation. If the Houthi rebels were not supplied with weapons this would most likely not have separated this country and sent it into a nation wide starvation

Throughout history with the US supplying Iraq with weapons to fight Russia. This has had a major affect on the middle east with creating more war with Russia vs Iraq and than the US with Iraq making it a long lasting battleground the is still in turmoil today. The main problem is that when a country supplies another with weapons to stability it almost always does more harm than good with more war, more death and even more separation of the country's unity. Yemen agrees that there should be a resolution in place to regulate the selling of high tech weapons.