Situation in Somalia

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Afghanistan
Delegate Name: Claire Volk
School: Fishers High School

For the third running year, Somalia has been listed at the top of Foreign Policies’ Failed States Index . Since 1992, warlords have pulled at the strings of government, overthrowing the despotic President and fighting to gain regional power. The clan divisions among the populaces further the fragmenting of the nation. Given the unsteady nature of the nation, it has been targeted by Islamic groups; most alarmingly, al-Qaeda is rumored to have supported past administrations. Ethiopian interference, backed by American anti-terrorist policy, have set up the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) but the party has not gained majority support as the al-Shabab terrorist group continues to plague the southern parts of the country, driving out foreign relief organizations with their violence . The violence has disrupted the economy, causing many to turn to crime, nominally piracy. Given the humanitarian violations and the economic turmoil that results from the political situation of Somalia, many international organizations have called for the UN support of the TFG, if only for security.

Afghanistan understands the difficulty to establish a stable and modern political system. After the US intervention in politics to drive out the Taliban influences in government, the nation established a new democratic system . Underground terrorist movements continue to threaten the integrity of this newly established government so that Afghanistan continues to rely on goodwill of international bodies to provide the nation with financial backing, with 50 billion dollars flowing in . However, this money is yielding positive results. The government’s influence is spreading; when the elections were last held in 2009, roughly half of the population had registered to vote. Additionally, the police and military numbers are increasing to secure internal order and the borders of the nation. Afghanistan stands a proof of the power of international assistance of failing nations. As the economy slowly recovers from political devastation, Afghanistan recognizes the need to have secure trading networks for economic prosperity. Though the nation is landlocked, Afghanistan wishes for the waterways to be safe.

In order to quell the power of the terrorists who haunt the Somalian lands, the nation must be continually provided with foreign assistance until the underground movements are subdued. The source problem must be addressed, that is to say, the warlords who manipulate clan rivalries for personal profits. The unification of the people must follow promptly so that they will not be tempted to turn once again to a violent alternative. Education and the development of infrastructure are necessary to ensure this unification of the people. As the TFG is cooperative with the international community, it has the highest hopes of abiding by international humanitarian and economic codes so that international assistance could go to reforming the government along those lines.

Works Cited:

“Background Note: Afghanistan.” state.gov. U.S. Department of State, 6 Dec. 2010. Web. 7 Nov. 2011.

“Somalia: Transitional Federal Government Must Stop Unfair Trials and Executions.” amnesty.org. Amnesty International, 2 Sept. 2011. Web. 7 Nov. 2011.

Quazi, Abdullah. “Overview of Current Political Situation in Afghanistan.” afghan-web.com. Afghanistan Online, 3 Nov. 2005. Web. 7 Nov. 2011.

Slavin, Barbara. “U.S. support key to Ethiopia’s Invasion.” USA Today.com. USA Today, 8 Jan 2007. Web. 7 Nov. 2011.

Zakaria, Fareed. “The failed-state conundrum.” Washingtonpost.com. Washington Post, 19 July 2010. Web. 7 Nov. 2011.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Argentina
Delegate Name: Tracy Scherdt
School: Ann Arbor Community High School

In 1991, a civil war broke out in Somalia, causing a complete collapse in the nation's central government. In response, the United States, among other nations, launched Operation Restore Hope, led by the Unified Task Force (UNITAF). This operation was aimed at assisting Somalis during the catastrophe of a lost government and mounting violence. Operation Restore Hope was quickly followed by the United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM I). This failed, and the second phase, UNOSOM II, lasted from 1993-1995. All operations above failed in reestablishing peace. Over the succeeding decade, many nations held national reconciliation conferences, which produced the establishment of the Transitional Federal Government in Somalia in August, 2004. Attention was then given to the effort of negotiating with opposition forces, which produced the Djibouti Agreement in 2008. This agreement was between the Alliance for the Re-liberation of Somalia (ARS) and the TFG, and was a fragile and unsuccessful negotiation because of conflict between Islamic militant groups. Still extremist groups gained footing. Currently, the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) controls very little of the nation. Droughts, famine, and violence have forced the nation into a state of further collapse; however, assistance is difficult in Somalia's current condition and conflict.

Argentina sees the situation in Somalia as an urgent state of emergency. Argentina recognizes and sympathizes with the dire situation in Somalia. Argentina's “dirty war” between 1976 and 1983 left Argentina in a similar state of crisis and loss of human rights. In fact, the United Nations called upon Argentina to investigate it's “dirty war” and charge those responsible for human rights violations. Lessons learned from Argentina's past human rights violations can be applied to the situation in Somalia, as well.

Argentina has actively promoted international resolutions dealing with curbing impunity for abuses and other human rights issues. Argentina's resolutions and past history has shaped decisions in North Africa and the Middle East specifically. For the situation in Somalia, Argentina may be less involved because of lack of ability to fund troops or humanitarian aid. Argentina is a debtor nation to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) still following it's own economic crisis that ended in 2002.

Argentina has participated in United Nations peacekeeping for over half a century. One of Argentina's greatest peacekeeping efforts was during the mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH); however, Argentina has been participating in providing aid and commitment to peacekeeping efforts in many other missions and operations as well. The UN secretary-general made a statement last June commending Argentina for it's continuous efforts. So although Argentina has yet to take a lead on the issue of Somalian assistance, there is no doubt that Argentina is involved in peacekeeping efforts in some form or another.

Argentina's traditional allies include member states represented in the security council, including United States and France. Also, many Latin American countries are allied with Argentina. This taken into consideration, Argentina would back most of the security councils decisions on the matter of Somalia and how humanitarian aid will be distributed. The views of Latin America on the situation in Somalia influence Argentina as well.

Through Argentina's previous peacekeeping successes, it knows that the key to any operation is that member states come together and support one another. It is not valuable to have individual countries sending humanitarian aid, rather it will be more successful to have a united group of member states coming together and creating a humanitarian aid program that will work.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Australia
Delegate Name: James Hurley
School: Royal Oak High School

In 1991, Australian aid workers, among other nations, went into Somalia to provide food, water, medicine, and other basic needs for the impoverished people following a combination of prolonged drought and civil war caused by the collapse of the Dictatorship under Mohamed Siad Barre; although peace was not fully restored to the Nation, the aid provided saved a number of Civilian lives and even was able to alleviate famine conditions that had been threatening the nation. Now, with not only recent conflict over control of the political sector of Somalia, but the steady spread of several famines has created a dire situation in the country that demands swift and careful action.

Australia has been supportive of Somalia establishing its own democratic government, and in assisting the current economical, social, and political strife the country is currently in. Just as it was in the original collapse of the government in 1991, Australia has continued to provide millions of dollars in aid to all effected areas in Somalia; in May of 2009, Australia donated $2 million dollars to the relief effort in Somalia ($1.5 million to the United Nations Humanitarian Appeal, and $500,000 to the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) and, in a donation attempt still on-going, the government of Australia has pledged to match all individual donations to the East African Appeal of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), a donation fund now standing at over 2,200,000 million. These donations were made in the hopes that with an appropriate amount of funds, Somalia could lessen its many internal issues and begin reconstruction of both its political and economical structure.

Australia hopes that all Western nations understand the gravity of the situation and can appreciate the danger that the instability poses not only to Somalia, but all East-African countries; continued conflict and a lasting drought could result in violence spreading to other countries, as well as the large influx of refugees now attempting to enter neighboring nations, and the issues that situation could create. Australia would also urges all economically capable nations to donate funds and relief aid in the hopes that enough will be provided to supplement the current goals of the UN relief efforts currently being undertaken, goals that will eventually end the famine.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Brazil
Delegate Name: Aaron Bernard
School: Roeper School

We the Federative Republic of Brazil, appreciate your initiative of promoting this timely and important debate. The Federative Republic of Brazil’s international relations are based on article four of the Brazilian Federal Constitution, which establishes non-intervention, self-determination, international cooperation and the peaceful settlement of conflicts as the seminal principals of Brazilian diplomacy. We have the utmost hope that these ideals can prevail in such a grave and important situation. Before further discussing the situation Brazil would like to recall Security Council resolutions 1851 and 1897. Those two documents do an admirable job in addressing this complex issue. Restoring peace and stability, promoting effective governance, strengthening the rule of law and providing alternative livelihoods in Somalia are essential to a sustainable response.

We once again condemn the violence in the strongest terms and express our condolences to the families of the victims and to the Somali government and people. While strengthening efforts to bring stability and peace to Somalia, are crucial to the process of rectifying this failed state. We would like to emphasize the importance of combating piracy and ensuring that pirate militias do not enjoy impunity. We would like to call this comity’s attention to the 2010 report filled by the secretary general. It found that prosecution (of pirates) by regional means had achieved limited success. To that end, we would like to commend the neighbors of Somalia, specifically, Kenya and Seychelles for their efforts. However, this is an international crisis so the solution must be international. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea determines the duty of all States to cooperate – "to the fullest possible extent" – in the repression of piracy. Its provisions allow for universal jurisdiction against this international crime. With that in mind, Brazil encourages nations to use their universal jurisdiction to apprehend these terrorists and end this scourge.

The efforts by the Somali Transitional Federal Government towards stability and institution building deserve support from the international community. An inclusive dialogue among all Somalis will pave the way for progress towards stability. Transitional authorities must demonstrate their statesmanship for the success of this crucial endeavor.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Cameroon
Delegate Name: Rebecca Kost
School: Williamston High School

Cameroon fully supports the prospect of peace throughout Africa, and believes that the situation in Somalia is detrimental to the success of this mission. No nation can be successful if it is torn in multiple directions, as is the case in Somalia. As there is no effective central governmental control, violence has spread throughout Somalia and the surrounding area. The current government, the Transitional Federal Government,is ineffective and has thus far not contributed to a solution. More than even this, the piracy connected to the situation in Somalia is a danger to the economic prosperity ofvarious other nations.Yet somehow, despite the worldwide acknowledgment of problems in need of resolution, very little unified action has taken place. While nations have attempted to aid resolution through humanitarian aid, limited stabilization techniques, and combating piracy, this has been largely ineffective simply because the issue has grown too large for individualized efforts to fix. For this reason, Cameroon believes that increased United Nations involvement is necessary.

Throughout this issue, three main components have been repeatedly identified as sources ofconflict. The first is the ongoing piracy, the second is the lack of a stablegovernment, and the third is a dire need for aid to help the thousands ofimpoverished Somalian people. To resolve these issues, Cameroon first recommends that efforts be made by the United Nations to increase humanitarian aid. Additionally,we believe that the violent acts committed by pirates need to be stopped, even if that requires intervention and punishment. Finally, the Transitional Federal Government cannot remain as it is; it should either be strengthened or replaced. Without true leadership in Somalia, peace is impossible.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Canada
Delegate Name: Zachary Hawley
School: Saginaw Arts and Sciences Academy

From the start of the Somali civil war in 1991 to today in 2011, the United Nations have worked to bring peace to this war torn nation. Several attempts to restore peace were failures, most noticeable the United Nations Operations in Somalia (UNOSOM). In 2004, the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) was established. The goal of the TFG was to bring long lasting peace to the country and restore a form of government to benefit the people. Due to the Islamic Tribunals, the Transitional Federal Government was overthrown in 2006, bringing negotiations to a halt. With the constant threat of Islamic militants and political strife, the Security Council created the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISON) allowing political negotiations to continue

Canada is very involved in the global fight to return Somalia to a peaceful nation. Canada recently donated $50 million in aid to the thousands of Somali people forced from their homes due to the violence. To further help the citizens of Somalia, Canada has provided military assistance and training to many soldiers serving in the African Union Mission in Somalia. The recent declaration of famine in Somalia has led the country of Canada and its people to donate over $20 million to the those affected by this crisis.

Canada can only ask that other countries join the cause and save Somalia from its position of violence and despair. This is a matter of human injustice and cruelty that must be resolved. By working together, the countries of the world can aid those that are struggling and forge lasting political and moral bonds.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Chile
Delegate Name: Kelsey Dorgan
School: Mattawan High School

1991 was the year that left Somalia in ruins. After the government was overthrown the country was launched into civil war, and to add to the distress the country suffered from severe droughts. The U.N shortly after attempted to get involved, including; creating a peacekeeping operation in 1992, but they were in no way successful. The country still has no official government, and as a result of the droughts a serious famine outbreak has occurred. The catastrophic famine has caused a mortality rate of two people for every ten thousand every day. Action Against Hunger’s Country Director in Somalia says, “The crisis will only grow in magnitude and severity unless immediate funding is made available and measures are taken to enable aid agencies to further scale up relief efforts.” Humanitarian aids were sent from many countries shortly after the outbreak, but no long term relief was found. Relief efforts still continue today from private groups. Somalia is in dire need of creating a national government, but with the help of Ethiopian forces, a new transitional federal government should continue to pave the way. Unfortunately, not all Somalians feel confident in the new TFG; some are fearful of the TFG’s military and police, which human rights groups accuse of attacking civilians. They also worry that the TFG police are not dependable after many reports of theft and many other crimes.

Since the early decades after independence, Chile has always had an active involvement in foreign affairs. Chilean government has kept diplomatic relations with most countries; they have also been an active member of the UN family, and participates in UN peacekeeping activities. They have become one of South America’s most stable and prosperous nations. However, things have not always been so stable, for Chile was under dictatorship rule for a length of seventeen years. When he left power their constitution was amended and many changes were made. Drastic changes have been made in the country over the past century.

Chile has not had any involvement regarding the situation in Somalia, and they have not voiced their opinion on the issue. They have, however, made a conscious effort to be involved with the united nations. Chile has not ever had any specific relations with Somalia, nor have never encountered any disagreements. Chile would be very open to helping Somalia with aid, leadership, and guidance, in order to better the country. Chile is very stable and have the resources to be of assistance to Somalia. As a result, this assistance it would help to stabilize Somalia’s economy, and they would gain Somalia as an ally, and another trader. The Chilean government is receptive to making allies with other countries. The TFG is unlike the government that Chile possesses; the Chilean government is very similar to that of the United States, so they may not be as comfortable with the setup of the TFG because it is very different.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: China
Delegate Name: Colin Rensch
School: Mattawan High School

The situation in Somalia has attracted much international attention not only through the nation's seeming helplessness but through its significant global consequences. China observes all of these concerns and believes that there are scenarios in which anarchy could potentially be eradicated from the war-torn country. One way to stop anarchy would be to stop the tremendous pirate activity that takes place off the coast of Somalia. Any help that nations outside of the Somali region might possibly give to Somalia is greatly discouraged due greatly to this hostility. If the threat of pirating were diminished, Somalia would gain the economic activity that all nations desire in these economic conditions.

In addition to attempting to eliminate the vast pirate network that conducts business in the seas around Somalia, the various food and resource crises occurring in Somalia need to be stopped. It is important not to forget these issues or to push them aside while planning strategies to help the country. China believes that helping Somalia gain its agricultural independence would be more effective than continuing to distribute food and aid to Somalia. The need for aid seems to be rising in the nation, and keeping up the flow of aid to Somalia is becoming more burdensome for other countries.

The presence of al-Shabaab in Somalia also needs to be stopped as this poses a terrorism threat to the whole world. The possible links between al-Shabaab and al-Qaeda are still only theoretical, but there would be considerable danger if the groups did work together. If al-Shabaab is stopped, Somalia's Transitional Federal Government would gain power and the global terrorism community would suffer. The possible elimination of the al-Shabaab would greatly help Somalia, but would only stop one of the many warring parties that fight for control of the nation. The situation in Somalia calls for a large amount of international assistance in attempting to unite all Somalians under one legitimate government.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Colombia
Delegate Name: Vera Kotlyar
School: Fishers High School

The country of Colombia is known for its stable government and its ability to adhere to its people. Though Colombia is small, it’s military strength surpasses many countries of a developed level and has a well-trained army. The economic structure and balance that Colombia holds is stable as well as secure. Due to the lack of demand for a majority of Colombia’s money, and it’s large abundance of natural resource which provide a sufficient source of income, the country of Colombia would agree to provide support for the cause of the citizens in Somalia. However, due to the increase of illicit drug trafficking in Colombia, much of the military proves to be preoccupied with the necessity to rid its citizens of the dangerous influence the drug trade has proposed on the country.

The country of Colombia is a relatively small country, far away from the people of Somalia, yet the people of Colombia wish to aid those in greater need as much as they are able to. The country of Colombia has never crossed military or political paths with any country in Africa, therefore it would be willing to now when it understands the necessity of assistance that Somalia requires. The government of Colombia understands the economic strain of providing a form of sustenance for Somalia, yet it believes that should it need any assistance itself, it can fully trust that the people of Somalia will be willing to provide aid for the Colombian lands. It would be beneficial to for Colombia to improve its relations with other international countries so in the future the government of Colombia would be a more respected country and be involved in more global affiliations in the United Nations and in other jurisdictions as well.

The country of Colombia would like to offer its aid to the country of Somalia against its increase percentage of piracy and its overall unstable government. The country of Colombia would be willing to support and uphold any acts passed to aid in the situation in Somalia. Though Colombia is a relatively small country, the people of Colombia have a willingness to support any countries in greater need than their own country. The government of Colombia would find it very beneficial for both Somalia and itself to create a positive relationship with one another due to the risk of any future domestic disputes. The country of Colombia hopes that the government in Somalia will consider the offer of Colombia’s aid and accept it.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Congo
Delegate Name: Matt Bain
School: Forest Hills Central High School

Somalia is facing a crisis that both Africa and the world need to end. Since 1991, there have been 42 draughts in Somalia since 1991, leading to widespread starvation. 250,000 Somalians are still facing starvation. The international community has tried to provide relief but the countries’ current insecurity due to the fighting between militant group Al Shabaab and the current dying government, the Transitional Federal Government. And here is where we reach the real issue, the TFG. Congo recognizes the legitimacy and the necessity of the TFG, which is the current U.N. recognized government in Somalia. the TFG is currently a centralized democracy but must adapt, to face it’s current issues. The Democratic Republic of the Congo believes Somalia can be see peace, and and progressive decline of the famine, with the international community’s support of the TFG.

Somalia as a country is not centralized, the local authorities are responsible for a lot of the governing, law and order throughout the country. Congo recommends that the TFG decentralize their system of administration, by providing delegated authority and resources to allied local administrations and groups. Congo also recommends the restructuring and revival of the High Level Committee and Joint Security Committee (Both Negotiated during the Djibouti peace talks) to coordinate the activities of the allied local administrations and their security forces. Congo believes the U.N. should give more attention to these local organizations that are providing security to these areas. In addition The U.N. should carefully support the emergence and growth of local multi-clan administrations willing to cooperate with the TFG.

Many other African countries agree with the plan to support the TFG such as South Africa and Egypt. Neighboring countries of Somalia seek to solve Somalian refugees flooding their borders and believe international support of the TFG will bring an end to the crisis, and an end to the refugee problems.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Côte d’Ivoire
Delegate Name: Rachel Finkelstein
School: Williamston High School

The Ivory Coast recognizes that the situation in Somalia is an emergency and needs to be taken very seriously. Somalia has been in a state of civil war since 1991. The recent developments and efforts by the TFG have started to build a foundation for a stable government and aid from Ethiopia has helped to fund the dire situation greatly. However, we cannot place this burden on so few. In order for Somalia to become a stable country, funding from multiple countries is required so that the TFG can carry out their responsibilities and provide care for all citizens of Somalia. The Ivory Coast believes that with more funding, the TFG would be able to successfully create a peaceful state in Somalia.

Trading with Somalia has become very difficult for the Ivory Coast and we believe that in order to increase the country’s economic stability, piracy should be the number one priority for the TFG to handle and bring under control. The Ivory Coast would like to see a stronger stability in the government for Somalia and that aid is brought to the people who are suffering from starvation and no medical care at all.

The people of the Ivory Coast understand the troubles that come during the time of a war within one’s country and believe that if the United Nations were to continue the funds of the TFG the progress being made would only continue if they were able to focus on governmental issues, rather than having to worry about where the next meal would be coming from if there was no humanitarian aid at all.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Cuba
Delegate Name: Aaron Guimond
School: Mattawan High School

After Somalia's Civil war in 1991 its country faced troubles in establishing government rule in order to prevent many Somalians from starvation and disease. President Bush's sending of 28000 US troops to Somalia for humanitarian relief in 1992 failed to bring Somalia back from an unjust government. UN efforts to distribute food and aid to somalians were also unable to find success due to Somalia's warring community. Clinton's taking of office in 1993 resulted in the withdraw of US troops from Somalia only leaving 4,200 troops remaining. Following the UN's massive withdraw in 1993 General Mohammed Aidid ordered Somalian soldiers to attack and kill 24 Pakistani Un Peace keepers. These attacks lead to the US ordering Delta force and U.S. Rangers into a brutal search for Aidid which caused 17 hours of violent combat with 1000 somalian deaths and 18 US deaths. Following these events President Clinton ordered a withdraw March 25th 1994. Since then Somalia has remained in the utter caos

Cuba's communist government has always worked well with other African countries that contain similar issues compared to Somalia. A total of 56,171 Cubans have worked in Africa helping with teaching, engineering, and to improve Africa's development in technology. . SWAPO, a liberation organization, has been tied with Cuba since its formation in 1959(which tied Africa and Cuba together). During the apartheid Cuba sent 250000 troops to help Namibia and Angola establish their independence between the years 1975 and 1988. Since then Cuba has helped restore peace and independence to several African countries. The best way to help the situation in Somalia would be to combine the joint forces between Cuba and other African countries , who are able to influence Somalia's growth, and work together to establish order among the Somalians. For the benefit of Somalia it would be best to drop their TFG and work with educating somalians, along with other African countries, about the need to establish a government and how to survive with climate that Somalians have to live in.

Cuba supports any other UN nation that wishes to work together in order to have a direct effect on Somalia's government. Cuba will look for help among neighboring African countries Angola and Namibia.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Czech Republic
Delegate Name: Anna O’Toole
School: Mattawan High School

As a result of Somalia’s central government’s fall in 1991, the country has faced detrimental consequences. Famine has broken out throughout the country, along with piracy and civil war. Somalia has continuously struggled with instability through the past twenty years and yearns for assistance from countries throughout the world. Somalia’s Transitional Federal Government is attempting to bring Somalia back to a state of peace, but is experiencing difficulty through the desire of power of other extremist groups.

Currently, many countries are putting forth an effort to assist Somalia in their situation, but the problem still exists and requires more attention. The Czech Republic is one of these many nations providing relief to Somalia. Czech Republic has been a part of NATO since 1999 and a part of the European Union since 2004. The EU, and specifically Czech Republic, have long supported the development of Somalia and the formation of a stable government. Since 2010, the European Union Naval Force (EUNAVFOR) has been involved with the situation in Somalia through Operation ATALANTA. The operation is designed to provide food to displaced persons, and to fight acts of piracy and robbery of the coast of Somalia. Specifically, the Czech Republic has sent three military personnel to assist the EUNAVFOR in Somalia. Also, the Czech Republic has been involved in the entire Horn of Africa, providing five million dollars in aid as a result of the famine.

Czech Republic sees the situation in Somalia as one of dire concern. Czech Republic feels it is necessary for many representatives from the entire United Nations to become more involved with the conflict. To prevent further damage and encourage development, more countries need to collaborate with the people of Somalia. The TFG needs more assistance from other nations in their efforts to create a strong government and end the civil war. By doing this, the country will become more unified, but they will continue to need stronger protective services to prevent a second violent outbreak. With the help of stronger forces, Somalia will be able to defeat the civil war and create a safer nation for its citizens.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Denmark
Delegate Name: McKenna Kluemper
School: Fishers High School

Denmark believes that the situation in Somalia should be resolved by the decisions of the people of Somalia, not by other governments, in other countries. However, Denmark feels that outside support and contributions are a peaceful way to help this lasting effort.

Since 1991, Somalia has had no central government, or structure to the ways of the country itself. Internal hate and violence has increased by the need and constant struggle for a new power. In 2004, the efforts for a new power were met for a time, by the transitional government. The government was set up to have eighteen different clans, contribute to the decisions until a new arrangement could be made. It was decided that elections would be held in 2012 for a new power. This was, however, disrupted by more violence and power plays within Somalia. It would appear, that more outside help will be needed to be sure that the Transitional government is able to rebuild a real sustainable government.

Denmark would like to make note that directly telling the people of Somalia what to do would be counter productive because to rebuild a government, it is important to trust their government, and if the people of Somalia do not trust in their new government, the fighting and civil wars will break out again. That is not to say that Denmark believes Somalia should receive no help, just that the help given by outside countries should be specifically directed ideas given by the transitional government of Somalia. Such as, if there is a specific need that the country of Somalia has, than the people of Somalia should ask, in order to feel that it was not only their own idea, but also that they are in control of what is happening to their government and country. This helps to install a sense of pride and love for one’s country, helping to eliminate those how would other wise wish to destroy the new government.

Denmark would be willing to help the country of Somalia with there recurring bouts of internal violence; however, sending in troops to stop the violence would appear as a threat, and that Denmark is in control of the fate of Somalia, which is not the case. That would go back to the people of Somalia believing in the strength of their government. Sending in food or other provisions would be interpreted as signs of peace. Denmark does not with to make accidental enemies, whilst on a peaceful mission. Denmark is open to any peaceful solutions that the transitional government of Somalia suggest, further more, the people of Denmark will support the decisions that the people of Somalia choose. This is to an extent, because the people of Denmark do not condone unnecessary violence or bloodshed, such as war.

Denmark suggests that countries attempting to support Somalia make the decision easier for the Present government by relieving the stress of internal violence and famine, that way the government can spend there time deciding what governmental system would work best for them. In end result, the people of Somalia will have a government made by there fellow countries men and not foreigners, therefore making it a government of there own design, while, in the mean time, having enough support from other countries to worry about the future.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Egypt
Delegate Name: Madeline Hawk
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

Somalia has been without a central government since 1991, when President Siad Barre was overthrown during a civil war. The United Nations responded to the crisis in Somalia by deploying the United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM) I in 1992 in order to moniter the ceasefire in Mogadishu (the capital city) and escort deliveries of humanitatian supplies to distribution centers in the city. UNOSOM II was established in 1993 to establish a secure environment for humanitarian assistance in Somalia and lasted until its withdrawl in 1995. In 2004, the Transitional Federal Governemnt (TFG) was formed in an attempt to create a functioning governemnt for Somalia. Since then, Islamist groups, piracy and the ongoing 6 year drought have caused death in war-torn Somalia. Islamist insurgent groups (linked to Al-Queda) control most southern and central areas of Somalia, while the capital, Mogadishu, and a few small cities is supported by UN-backed government. The Arab Republic of Egypt has collected donations to purchase food, water, shelter, medication and other supplies from areas close to the border of Somalia to help the drought-striken Somalis. Egypt has sent aid-convoys carrying doctors and volunteers, as well as raised money for Somalia via social networking sites. Egypt also takes in Somalia refugees, making up 17% of the refugees living in Egypt.We have also called meetings with Arab countries that border the Red Sea to combat the Somali piracy that takes place there, though there is still much more to be done.

The Arab Republic of Egypt seeks to create a peaceful solution to the crisis in Somalia. The piracy, drought, war, and famine contribute to the danger in Somalia, and Egypt has played an active role in an attempt to achieve national reconciliation and to urge dialogue between the TFG and the Union of Federal Courts. Egypt has contributed in efforts for reconciliation in many ways: a reconciliation conference held in Cairo in December 1990 and several others in October 1993, March 1994, and a conference on peace in May 1997. Egypt has also joined many committes set up by the Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD), and Egypt is a supporter of the Nairobi Deal to help achieve stability in Somalia. Egypt believes that steps should be taken for dialogue between the TFG and the Union of Islamic Courts should be maintained. Egypt believes the international community must unite to solve the crisis in Somalia while protecting the soil from potential division.

The Arab Republic of Egypt can find its allies in the Arab League, which shares similar beliefs in a continuance of dialogue between the TFG and the Union of Islamic Courts. The Arab League holds a base in Mogadishu to help negotiations between the TFG and Union of Islamic Courts. The Arab League has also promised humanitarian aid for Somalia, promising to use its missions in Mogadishu to provide relief, food, water, and medicine to those affected by the famine. The Arab League has also urged the United Nations to send peacekeepers into Somalia to help reach a state of peace and stability.

The Arab Republic of Egypt recognizes the crisis present in Somalia as one of utmost importance. Egypt believes that with the help of continued negotiations, international aid, peacekeepers, and humanitarian aid, a better life in Somalia can be found. With efforts to end the civil strife and bring relief from famine and drought, Somalia can be a country that will one day stand on its own.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Finland
Delegate Name: Lydia Smyth
School: Fishers High School

Somalia is widely known one of the poorest countries in the world; not only is their transitional government weak and unstable, but violence, famine, and disease is also constant in the country. Although the United Nations has attempted to aide those starving and attempted to create a central government to stabilize the country, Finland believes more action should be taken to stop the chaos in Somalia from increasing. Not only is the situation in Somalia affecting the citizens of the state, but also the country’s neighbors who are being attacked by the Shabab and receiving many refugees. European countries, such as Finland, have been open to receiving those who seek asylum, but the great numbers of people have overwhelmed the nations and have caused problems for the countries kind enough to invite foreigners in. Piracy has also become an issue, as Somalis attack foreign ships for a ransom of millions of United States dollars.

What the United Nations needs to consider is what problems can reasonably be solved to push Somalia towards creating a better nation. Countries have sent food over in the past, but, since the Shabab frequently confiscated it for their own use, it not helping the starving people it was intended for. The United States has sent troops to ensure food gets to the people in need before, but it was an effort that cost multiple billions of dollars and took 25,000 troops. Finland believes more centers should be set up by the United Nations to hand out individual portions of food to decrease pilfering. Disease can be prevented by working alongside Non-Governmental organizations to send mosquito nets and chlorine tablets to the country. The United Nations should work with Somalia’s current leaders to set up a strong central government that the people will be satisfied with. A Somali army should be raised to work alongside foreign troops to protect the government. All of the Shabab who attempt to destroy order in the country should be dealt with immediately and directly to show the strength of the new government. After Somalia has gained relative stability, the United Nations should withdraw to ensure Somalia keeps supremacy of its own country. The United Nations should not have much trouble encouraging other nations to participate; many African countries are being attacked by the Shabab as well, and countries worldwide are receiving thousands of refugees into their country. Creating a stable Somalia can help everyone that is being affected by the chaos now. Until the country is stabilized, more countries should accept refugees so not to burden those who already have numerous amounts of Somalis. Piracy needs to be examined by the root of the problem. Poachers infest the Somali waters and corporations dump toxic waste in the water, leaving starved and poor communities. Somali people living on the coast do not have business in fishing as they used to, so they turn to piracy. To stop piracy, poaching must have a more severe punishment, dumping waste on the Somali coast needs to be prohibited, and the communities need to be provided with jobs. The United Nations can help at first, but with a stable government, much of this will be solved more easily.

This committee should produce a resolution regarding specific actions needed to combat Somalia’s health problems, the weak government, and the ways Somalia’s problems have been affecting the rest of the world through piracy and refugees.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: France
Delegate Name: Collin Mathias
School: Forest Hills Northern High School

Somalia was thrust into civil war in 1991. As a response, the United Nations deployed United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM) I and II from 1992 to 1995. However, both operations failed to reestablish lasting peace. Only through the regional support of the Horn of Africa, the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) was established in August 2004. It was supported by Ethiopia for two years, until its defeat by the Islamic Tribunals. In January 2007, the TFG was able to establish itself in the capital, Mogadishu. The next month, Security Council Resolution 1744 established the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISON). Negotiations were able to assume for the first time in 2007, which resulted in the Djibouti Agreement. However, despite invitations for peaceful negotiations, conflict among Islamist militant groups in the southern portion of the country have made attempts impossible. In addition to the civil war, famine has been declared throughout Somalia as millions face death. This, combined with the conflict, have made assistance difficult.

France has always been invested in Africa. Throughout the continent, we have constantly assisted many nations' development. Since the Civil War in Somalia began, it has been France that has fought for many resolutions in the Security Council to ensure improvement. Even outside of the United Nations, it has been France's training that has prepared the AMISON soldiers. Without the support of France, thousands of those soldiers would have gone untrained. Continuing now, France has pledged 30 million euros to various non-government organizations (NGOs) to send aid this past summer. Then, to protect all aid dedicated to Somalia, it was France that organized Operation Alcyon, which has made it possible to secure all aid to a country in which 70% of the population is dependent on humanitarian aid.

Independently, some countries send humanitarian aid. Independently, some countries assist in training troops. Independently, some countries believe that the United Nations has no place in Somalia. However, France knows that the word "independently" must be removed. It is time for a much more united front assisting Somalia. Only through multilateral agreements can safety be restored.

France desires that its fellow European Union nations assist with training troops for the AMISON, as has been done before. France looks for the African Union countries to help sponsor reconstruction efforts through humanitarian aid and NGOs. France hopes that all countries in the United Nations see that only by working together can Somalia be saved from the terror its people face daily.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Gabon
Delegate Name: Susan Rusinowski
School: Royal Oak High School

Since the overthrow of President Barre in 1991 and the civil war that followed, Somalia has had no effective central government. It has been a stateless society for two decades, which has caused problems with their economy, political state, humanitarian issues, and more. Currently, the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) is the standing government in Somalia, after being established in 2004, and it is recognized by the United Nations. Despite attempts for creating peace within the country, other organizations have created chaos and violence in Somalia, including Islamic groups in the central and southern part of the country. Without improving Somalia’s infrastructure and government, Somalia will continue to deteriorate, and it will bring consequences of its failed state upon the region, affecting other governments and economies.

Gabon, as an African nation and part of the African Union, is extremely devoted to helping resolve the situation in Somalia. As a stabilized African nation, Gabon supports the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM)—operated by the African Union and approved by the UN—in its regional peacekeeping efforts. AMISOM is helping maintain security as well as supporting the TFG and assisting in creating a secure government so that aid can be distributed. Gabon believes that supporting the TFG and moving towards democratization within Somalia is key to all other issues in the nation, because the government impacts everything else: piracy, aid distribution, security, and government stability. To establish a strong central government, Somalians need to be the representative body expressing their own views, so they need to trust and support the government. If the people are representing their own views through democratic election, they can strive to be one country as a whole, rather than different factions representing smaller groups vying for national power. As Gabon’s president Ali Bongo Ondimba says, “Election must rely on the three pillars of peace, democracy, and good governance.”

Peace will help attain a stronger government in Somalia, so Gabon calls for a ceasefire between the different factions, including Islamic groups such as the ICU and Al Shabaab. To attain this, Gabon suggests help from regional groups, such as the African Union and the Arab League, who are willing to restore peace to their region and Africa as a whole. Gabon also calls for the removal of military interference from other nations, including the Kenyan army. Gabon is willing and eager to resolve issues in Somalia, and as a stable country within Africa, it is a priority to help other less developed countries.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Germany
Delegate Name: Josephine Hamilton
School: Ann Arbor Community High School

Germany believes that Somalia needs determination so that this crisis can end, that the vast problems in Somalia are being noticed but there is no real change happening. Somalia needs political progression, and a centered main government, with that hopefully they can achieve peace and stability. Germany promotes and commends all projects going on to help Somalia become stable, wanting to see some progression.

This year Germany has donated 200 million US dollars for the aid of emergency-relief, reliable food assistance, and food security. In giving that money they expect to see quick movement towards the ending of this crisis.

In particular Germany would like to see the advancement of stablity in Somalia, as well as strong political power so they can handle and address the tasks ahead of them. German Amvassador Wittig said in Security Council on September 14, 2011: "The withdrawal of al-Shabaab forces from the capital and other parts of the country is a unique opportunity for the Somali Government to assume its responsibilities and provide stability and a safe life for all Somalis." Security is in their view for Somalia and the whole continent, wishing to see that all of the population is safe. A solution to this problems could be uniting the differnt regions, making a strong and productive government. With everyone working together more can get done, making it easier on everyone in the surrounding area.

Germany's view on the situation in Somalia is very similar to those of its allies. The EU, which is clearly a key allie, also supports the development of a centralized powerful government. They support the advancement of a safe environment as well, wanting to reach a point where the country can be independent. The US is another important allie wanting to accumulate security in Somlia the same as Germany. They have several groups that have previously worked in Somalia, some being UNOSOM 1 (United Nations Opertaion in Somalia), is there to monitor gunfire in Mogasishu, Somalia's capital as well as provide pretection for United Nations personnel there. The other is UNOSOM 2 sent to take over for UNITAF, (United Task Force), who was there to ensure a safe environment for humanitarian workers.

An asset Germany has is that Berlin has the largest economy in the EU, helping greatly with all their donations and particularly funding for the soldiers serving in the AMISOM. (African Union Mission for Somalia). Germany supports countless groups that are making way in Somalia, hoping to make some sort of a breakthrough.

Germany is aiming to better the government, and general security in Somalia. They are very aware of the situation, doing all they can to cease this crisis. Germany believes that emphasizing a centralized government can help with all the other problems, having some kind of a plan to go off of. By doing all this they hope to end the crisis so that Somalia can be peaceful and safe again.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: India
Delegate Name: Rudyard Richter
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

In 1991, the overthrowing of “President” Mohammed Siad Barre thrust Somalia into civil war, a competition for land, resources, and power between different clans and factions. The United Nations, in 1992, established the first United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM I). A United States-sponsored military effort, the Unified Task Force, managed to restore reasonable conditions, alleviating the famine and bringing back an amount of order before being replaced by a second UNOSOM in 1993 following the departure of the Unified Task Force. United Somali Congress leader Mohamed Farrah Aidid viewed the peacekeeping troops of the United Nations and other countries as a threat to his power; thousands of civilians were killed by his campaign, as well as a number of UN troops, prompting the withdrawal of UN troops from Somalia in 1995. The Transitional Federal Government (TFG) was founded in 2004, but has been of only limited effectiveness because of the continuing conflict, and has been opposed by the Islamic Courts Union (ICU), which has been struggling to remain in power; the TFG has only been able to control certain areas of the country. With military assistance from Etheopia, the TFG eliminated the ICU itself, but its members continue to attack government forces.

To resolve the situation in Somalia will require the realization of several goals. Most importantly, every effort must be made to maintain the TFG’s control of the country. Piracy and conflict have been exacerbated by virtual anarchy in some regions of the country, and reduce or eliminate the usefulness of humanitarian aid, because of ship hijackings or theft. To maintain the effectiveness of humanitarian aid, the TFG must secure greater control of the country, to utilize the aid being provided by other countries, India included. To this end, the TFG will require military support to defend itself against insurgencies and terrorist organizations seeking the overthrow the government, such as Al-Shabaab. India has been helping to make progress towards this goal, by aiding the TFG in the training and equipment of their military and police forces. Once the TFG’s control of their country is restored and maintained, humanitarian aid provided to Somalia will become effective.

Somalia continues to receive humanitarian aid from numerous countries, demonstrating concern over the situation, but aid is not a permanent solution, and is not even entirely effective given the circumstances of the government. The TFG is internationally recognized as the legitimate government of Somalia, and will undoubtedly be able to gain further direct support from other countries. While military support is presently lacking, it is clear that a move for direct military support for the TFG would be widely accepted in the United Nations. Regionally, countries including Kenya and Uganda have recently increased direct military support of the TFG. The United States continues to support Somalia and the TFG specifically, evidenced by continuing aid, and historically, support in conflicts such as the Ogaden War. Ethiopia has always seen extremist Islamist militias opposing the TFG as a threat to the security of the surrounding region, and has contributed troops and directly supported the TFG in previous conflicts with the Islamist militias.

The greatest opposition to Somalian stability and the TFG will be internal only, as groups such as the ICU, al-Shabaab, and other Islamist militias vie for control of Mogadishu and other regions of Somalia, in attempts to gain greater control of the nation of a whole. Most surrounding African countries as evidenced by their past support of the TFG and aid to Somalia wish to see this conflict ended, viewing such insurgencies as a threat to the security and stability of the region. It is possible that some countries which Somalia and its allies have previously been in conflict with will refuse to support the TFG, such as Eritrea.

India seeks to improve the situation in Somalia through ensuring the stability and permanence of and strengthening the TFG. By centralizing the government, responses to the current situation will be much more effective than previous attempts, and famine will be more effectively addressed through humanitarian aid if the government is more capable of overseeing its use, and strong enough to overpower the current corruption. Through these measures, the situation in Somalia can hopefully be improved to better the living conditions of the Somalian people as well as ensure stability for the future.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Indonesia
Delegate Name: Kate Ruehrdanz
School: Forest Hills Northern High School

Civil war first broke out in Somalia following the fall of Siad Barre in 1991. Because of the violence, food and water became increasingly scarce and the country entered a state of famine. The UN responded with UNOSOM I and II between 1992 and 1995, but these efforts failed to bring peace. Then, with help from Ethiopia and the African Union, a Transition Federal Government was established in 2004. However despite assistance from AMISOM, it has been unable to assume control of the country. The TFG is opposed by various dissident terrorist groups.

The violence has caused displacement of much of the population. Those who can flee the country; Somalians are one of the largest groups of refugees worldwide. Now, Somalia is in the midst of a severe drought, the worse in many years. It greatly aggravated the shortage of food and water. In July, the UN declared a famine in southern regions of the country.

Another issue in Somalia is the organized piracy which is happening off its coast. Naturally, this is an issue of interest for Indonesia. Indonesia works with the TFG, and greatly supports its capacity in combating sea piracy. Indonesia is interested in assisting the TFG in its fight against piracy.

Indonesia is interested in bettering its partnership and trade with the entire continent of Africa. Indonesia recently declared its intention to become an Observer in the African Union. Ethiopia, a key player in the Somalia situation and an ally of Indonesia, supports this goal. The two countries have recently signed an agreement of economic and technical cooperation.

Clearly the crisis in Somalia calls for aid greater than any one country can provide. The time has come for the UN to assist in Somalia once again, as the efforts of regional groups seem to be not enough. Therefore, Indonesia recommends humanitarian aid for Somalia. In that light, Indonesia supports recent actions taken by the Organization of Islamic Cooperation to combat starvation and encourages efforts of the African Union in Somalia.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Iran
Delegate Name: Phillip Stone
School: Forest Hills Northern High School

The Islamic Republic of Iran wishes to express its deepest regrets and sorrows to the millions lost to starvation and war that has claimed Somalia and wishes to remind the United Nations of its contributions in effort to ease the burden on Somalia. Some examples of such were, delivering a shipment of 5000 tons of essential first aids including 4500 tons of rice, airlifting 5 separate shipments of over 550 tons of aids valued 3 million dollars, collection of 40 million dollars of donations, establishing 8 camps and 2 health centers, and covering 5 camps in Somalia. When Somalia’s government collapsed in 1991, after this collapse the United States and its allies took steps to ensure stability.

However, we would also like to ask the question of how bombing for peace makes any sense in a case such as this? Thousands die to NATO missiles, is the root cause in Somalia really because of its people? Can we really blame them for the issues that are taking place today? Just look at the way many countries in NATO operate and we may find the real cause for this travesty. Who imposed colonialism for over four centuries upon this world? Who occupied lands and massively plundered resources of other nations, destroying dialects of millions of people and thousands of different diverse cultures. Who triggered the first and second world wars, leaving millions dead, the economies of multiple countries in shambles, and causing the apathetic slaughter of many Vietnamese either by the barrel of a gun or from raining fire of a missile. Should we really let countries who are the cause of these issues take the reins on a country in turmoil? Would that really solve the issue at hand? The Islamic Republic of Iran does not believe so.

As a collective we all must map out a plan for Somalia, one that will not deviate from its main purpose. A plan that will be for the good of the collective in Somalia; not for the good of our own needs. We must create a plan for Somalia that will hold up to international law and abide by the principals that all nations are bound. This plan must hold the basic human rights of all peoples in mind. Our interests must be second in this matter, as Somalia needs a plan of government that it can use to find betterment for its people. We can only hope to see past the lies of the United States and make a better country for Somalia and its people.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Iraq
Delegate Name: Merrick Perpich
School: Ann Arbor Community High School

After Somalia’s government was overthrown in 1991, civil war broke out. To combat this, the United Nations executed the United Nations Operation in Somalia I & II in 1992 and 1995, but both failed. With the support of other countries, notably Ethiopia, the Transitional Federal Government was established in 2004. This government was defeated after two years of power, and reestablished itself in 2007, in the capital city, Mogadishu. After continuous negotiation, peace still seems elusive due to extremist militant groups in the south. Famine and civil war still plague Somalia today.

Iraq was in a similar situation roughly a decade ago, and it took its toll. There are still reconstruction programs in Iraq, such as the “Iraq Relief and Reconstruction Fund,” and still struggling ourselves. At this point in time, it does not look like Iraq could do any independent programs to aid the situation in Somalia. We must be able to deal with ourselves before we can provide our own aid.

While Iraq may be in no position at this time to lead a charge on making a change, it does not mean we are not in support of aiding the situation in Somalia. With shared past experiences, Iraq sympathizes deeply. We may not have the resources and structure to do something on our own, however we would be glad to give whatever support we can to create a more stable and peaceful Somalia.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Italy
Delegate Name: Rodger MacArthur
School: Roeper School

The Republic of Italy regrets the situation in Somalia and believes it to be an international policy issue of the utmost importance. Somalia, for the past decade and at present, exists in a state of chaos with very weak government; its citizens live in abject poverty, and live in fear of armed groups, including pirates and terrorists, which have come to dominate the country. Its economy is stagnant as more and more corruption mounts.

Italy is one of Somalia's main allies in the European Union, and has remained as such ever since the end of World War II. Because of this long relationship, Italy has lobbied the European Union to set aside 27 million Euros for Somalia. These funds will be spread over the course of two years for several organizations that facilitate the implementation of basic healthcare, clean water, and education within Somalia. For Somalia to gain access to these funds now and additional monies in the future they must meet certain benchmark tasks. These include the strengthening of the national government mechanisms and providing more basic services to its citizens. Italy will do whatever is in our power to help facilitate these efforts but we believe that the key changes must be enacted solely by Somalia.

Italy also suggests that not only should there be increased anti-piracy naval patrols from outside organizations such as NATO, but there should be consistent development of the land around the coast to chase out the pirates and pirate communities that currently reside there. Italy also strongly suggests that the nation of Somalia develop a stronger police functions, law code, and penal system to punish pirates and other criminals. Italy is willing to work with other nations to achieve these objectives.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Japan
Delegate Name: Saranya Sundaram
School: Forest Hills Northern High School

As of present day, Somalia is considered to be one of the three most vulnerable nations by the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP). Approximately 1.4 million people of Somalia are suffering from food shortage. In certain areas, almost 20% of the population suffers from extreme malnutrition. It has endured constant strife since the break out of civil war in 1991. UNISOM missions I & II failed to create peace between the warring factions in 1992 and 1993.Even the barely successful, internationally recognized TFG controls only a small portion of country.The country also continues to be attacked by a variety of natural disasters including the “worst drought in 60 years”, major flooding, and the 2004 tsunami. These disasters coupled with government instability have also created a breeding ground for piracy in the waters surrounding the nation. From 1994 until now, more than 5% of the total population of Somalia has been displaced.

Japan has always been highly compliant with UN desires to aid Somalia. Japan sympathizes with the people of Somalia. We endured our own disastrous earthquake on March 11 of this year. Because of this, Japan believes that the issues that Somalia is dealing with are not “someone else's problems”. Japan realizes that it must be a front running contributor to the successful stability of the nation of Somalia. In March of 2007, Japan extended food aid through the WFP totaling 670 million yen to the nation of Somalia. Japan has worked tirelessly with the UN and other countries to improve the public security and infrastructure of Somalia. In May of 2007, 4.15 million US dollars was given to Somalia through the UN trust fund “Protection, Reintegration, and Resettlement of IDP’s”. Japan has contributed a total of $184 million US dollars towards Somalia since February of 2007.We believe that stability could not only help the people of Somalia but also solve the problems of piracy in the Indian Ocean connected with Somalia.

Japan believes such stability can only be maintained through a stronger central government in Somalia. Japan believes that, above all, the international community should aid Somalia through cooperation with the TFG. By building a stronger head of the nation, Somalia could regain more stability. It is important that TGF gains more support and is more strongly realized, so that its ideals could be more strongly present. Japan thoroughly supports the Roadmap of the TFG and its current direction.

Japan is also strongly interested in strengthening the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM). Japan believes that in supporting AMISOM and its efforts, stability will be reached. Japan expects more effective utilization of the AMISOM Trust Fund (to which Japan is a main contributor) as well as discussions to be held at the United Nations Security Council on future actions of AMISOM.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Jordan
Delegate Name: Stephen Bernard
School: Fishers High School

The humble country of Somalia is one of the most dangerous locations is the world. A country located in Africa, Somalia is also subject to stereotypical poverty and an economy that is little to none. As a natural reaction to this day to day suffering, tribal, and separatist violence have riddled the country. The Heshemite Kingdom of Jordon, being a country with the lowest economic income in the middle east, is unfortunately all too aware of the consequences of poverty and disparity.

Jordan, as an independent nation, does not have the materials, man power, nor the resources to act upon the conflict in another country. However, being located in a region of the world which provides a similar environment, we are willing to fight and compromise to find a solution. Traditionally, the united nations has worked as a coalition force in providing resources and materials that creates employment in countries such as Somalia.

Therefore, Jordan strongly encourages the United Nations to continue this trend. The violence is caused by things as simple as no money, a problem that could be solved for the long run with the help of the world’s superpowers in coalition with the United Nations and NGO’s (nongovernmental organizations). The Kingdom of Jordon demands to see a system of job’s to be established and equally spread throughout Jordan. By spreading such a resource over the distance of the entire country, a struggle for resources will be deterred. Jordan would also like to remind the United Nations that, as in all dealings with foreign countries, we should strive to respect the sovereignty of Somalia but we should also attempt to ensure that the decisions of the government are in the best interest of the majority rather than the minority.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Kuwait
Delegate Name: Emily Dean
School: Saginaw Arts and Sciences Academy

Since 2006, Somalia has faced extreme conflicts with the Islamist group Al Shabab, who is one of Africa’s most dangerous militant Islamist groups. They control most of southern Somalia and, in 2007, claimed themselves a part of Al Qaeda. Al Shabab would’ve been controlled and removed from Somalia, if it weren’t for the country’s failing government. It is too weak, and too corrupt to make any decisions at this point. Somalia has been under the same president for 10 years, and its people are now rebelling, wanting nothing but a new government.

Just recently, Somalia faced a drought and famine. It hit the country in the summer of 2011. It caused aid coming into the country to be delayed, and sent 4 million Somali people, more than half the population, into a crisis state. Al Shabab was, of course, blamed for this because it cut off aid from other countries, not allowing it to enter Somalia. In mid-August, the conditions worsened, due to a massive cholera outbreak. Shortly after, Kenya sent troops into Somalia, hoping to push Shabab out of the country.

The country of Kuwait has had a long-lasting, close relationship with the country of Somalia. Many times in the past, we have sent aid of many different kinds into the country. Because of our relationship with Somalia, and the fact that a large portion of oil is traded between us, we are willing to send aid, yet again. As of now, the country of Kuwait is sending food aid to help with the famine. Kuwait is also doing what they can to help Somalia become a peaceful country once again.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Latvia
Delegate Name: Stephen Dozeman
School: Forest Hills Northern High School

Over the last twenty years, Somalia has been stuck in a pit of political and social despair. In 1991, it’s President, Mohammed Siad Barre was overthrown, and the country plummeted into anarchy. Several different warlords and clans then began vying for power, causing a violent civil war. On top of this, there was a severe famine, causing food to be an extremely rare resource. Efforts have been made throughout the years to bring peace and stability to the nation, but have met limited success. In December of 2006, Ethiopia took control of Mogadishu and installed a new, internationally-recognised government. Unfortunately, this administration has struggled as well, as Abdullahi Yusuf often finds himself the target of violence. His administration is also heavily dependent on Ethiopia’s support.

Latvia has always maintained support of EU missions in foreign countries. We believe aiding Somalia should be a priority. Somalia is currently in an anarchic state, similar to that of Afghanistan in the 1990’s. We left Afghanistan alone, and it became a breeding ground for terrorism. The United Nations should learn from the past and prevent another such instance from taking place by working to bring stability to the nation of Somalia.

The European Union and United Nations should be actively and aggressively working to bring stability by helping empower the local government. This should involve a combination of bringing strong-willed and strong-minded people together to work in the administration, and providing resources necessary to stabalize the area, which could come in the form of money food, or military equipment and training. Latvia hopes that this course of action will lead to a more peaceful and stable world.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Lebanon
Delegate Name: Kaleb Pifer
School: Mattawan High School

In 1991 Somalia was plunged into civil war among warring factions within the country. As a direct result of this, the people of Somalia have suffered immensely. With a damaged agricultural system, food is scare and starvation is a very real danger for much of the populace. Previous attempts have been made by the United Nations in order to help aid the people of Somalia, but they have failed to make any long term impact. As one of the most dangerous areas in the world, the people of Somalia are in grave danger each and every day. Lebanon believes that certain steps must be taken in order to provide security for these people.

Lebanon is fully committed to helping the people of Somalia. We believe that above all else, the people should be our top priority. Lebanon has already shown our commitment to helping the people of Somalia in their time of need. Lebanon sent over thirty-three thousand kilograms of food in addition to two point five tons of medical supplies last August. It is Lebanon's hope that these supplies are put to their best use in aiding the Somalian people. But this is just a short term solution. In order to help the Somalian people in the long-run, a stable government must be created. With the current extension of the Transitional Federal Government, Lebanon believes that this is the perfect time to try to assist them in establishing a permanent government. With a more permanent government, Lebanon hopes that the people of Somalia will be better cared for.

Lebanon knows the pain that results from civil war, having had our own not too long ago, and Lebanon wishes to help the Somalian people end this conflict as soon as possible. Along with our allies, Lebanon hopes to bring about a quick and decisive end to the troubles in Somalia.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Libya
Delegate Name: Farid al-Sabeh
School: Roeper School

Somalia has lacked a central government since the onslaught of its Civil War in 1991. As a result, militant groups and clan conflicts have grown within the country’s borders. In addition to this, famines caused by widespread droughts serve to escalate still the instability of the region. The three UN Operations spanning between 1991 and 1995 which rose with intent to cease these crisis all failed in reinstating peace, and subsequent conferences regarding the situation led to the formation of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) in August of 2004. Today the TFG controls very little of Somalia and attempts to combat Islamic insurgent groups which dominate its Southern districts have virtually failed.

As a nation which has been denied a reliably altruistic government in past decades, the Libyan Republic applauds the emergence of the TFG as a legitimate government and hopes to see its policy aim towards a democratic future for Somalia. These democratic values, however, have been potentially jeopardized by the TFG’s recent military cooperation with the Alliance for the Re-Liberation of Somalia, a coalition of organizations including the Islamic Courts Union which seek the Islamic sharia as Somalia’s future ideology. As a result TFG President Sharif Ahmed has symphasised with this objective, undoubtedly to strengthen his ties with the coalition and affirm control of Somalia. Furthermore even this agreement, which can be thought of as a trade-off of human rights for strategic gains, has not fully diffused the current civil war plaguing Somalia; this is evidenced by the TFG’s limited success within the 2004-2006 Somali Civil War.

Therefore the new Libyan state, whose birth from its civil war was accomplished only through the aid of foreign intervention, sees that an international peace-keeping force is necessary not only to abolish the humanitarian crisis occurring in Somalia but to preserve the objectives of the TFG: controlling Somalia fully and democratically. It follows that this force should serve to assist the TFG in capturing regions seized by the Islamists.

We have already seen that limiting military intervention to bordering nations is not enough to combat the Islamic militant groups, especially those like Al-Shabaab. Again we reference Ethiopia’s presence in the previous Somali War.

We have already seen, through the existence of our own emerging Republic, the success of international cooperation in situations such as this.

Given time, security in Somalia can only worsen; the rise in piracy threatening international waters is an example of this. Allowing a central government to regulate the Somali country in its entirety can and will ameliorate these problems.

Thus the Libyan Republic hopes to see international military assistance fulfill these expectations, and in doing so pave the way for a stable, democratic Somali state.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Malaysia
Delegate Name: Ruby Smith
School: Williamston High School

Indonesia straddles a series of fault lines that makes the vast island nation prone to volcanic and seismic activity. On December 26, 2004 a giant earthquake triggered a tsunami in the Indian Ocean that killed 230,000 people. Indonesia, part of the “ring of fire,” has seen many catastrophes, from the eruption of the Mount Merapi Volcano to the 2005 Bali bombings. Somalia and Indonesia alike have had tremendous misfortune. The often-natural disasters that have taken place in Indonesia correlates to the humanitarian crisis in Somalia today. Indonesia has had its time of need, now it is time to aid Somalia. Out of appreciation and humility, Indonesia offers alleviation to the struggling country of Somalia.

Found in the Horn of Africa, the situation in Somalia is undoubtedly the worst humanitarian disaster of the year. This country has been without an effective central government since 1991. The political instability worsened when Al Qaeda affiliated groups gained control of southern Somalia. The highly feared militant Islamist group, Al Shabab has had a strict agenda to target Westerners and those affiliated with Western organizations. Impart, due to the clan warlords, and pirates the country has spiraled into acute disaster. Much of the central and southern populations of Somaliland’s have taken refuge in bordering countries like Kenya because of Al Shabab kidnappings, warfare, anarchy, systematic recruitment and violence. In turn the displacement has caused an outbreak of famine that is hindered even more by drought, in the South of Somalia alone 29,00 children died within 90 days.

An estimated 3.76 million people, half the population, are in desperate need of aid and security. Many organizations have already mobilized to provide funds and relief, while increasingly other countries in Africa are joining in the advocacy. Indonesia encourages the endowment Djibouti contributed to the cause when announcing to send 850 soldiers to an African Union peacekeeping mission in Somalia. Uganda assists by sending 2,00 more soldiers to Somalia. Inspired, Indonesia would like to voice support for these countries and the Transitional Federal Government whose operations plan to create government and military structure. Indonesia proposes an agreement in the United Nations in aid to Somalia. By targeting assistance, appropriate training, new humanitarian laws to protect children, and increased funding, our united global community can save countless lives and expunge a terrible terrorist cult.

The United Nations supporting the Transitional Federal Government must pass cogent resolutions in favor and support of providing aid and alleviation to Somalia. This will create a strong foundation from where Somalia can build. Indonesia plans to obstruct the Al- Qaeda interference with military help, which would in turn create a larger sense of security, diminishing terrorist activity and piracy. Thus creating security compatible for all world citizens. The United Nations must convene in the situation, while maintaining respect towards Somalia’s national sovereignty. The potent strength the United Nations offer will save lives, childhoods, and stability in Somalia.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Mexico
Delegate Name: Adrienne Zaya
School: Mattawan High School

The conflict raging destruction and chaos within the nation of Somalia remains a large concern for the UN and for the world. The civil war that took place within this country in 1991 forced the area to lose its government and its peoples. Clan based guerrilla groups, a 1992 drought, and a famine all within a few years of governmental loss, created anarchy for the country of Somalia. Although there were numerous peace negotiations and relief efforts by the UN and other nations, each attempt proved to be fruitless. It was not until August of 2004 that Somalia had a governmental structure reestablished. The Transitional Federal Government, as the recognized government of the Republic of Somalia, continues to work towards the institution of a centralized authority; unfortunately, with the Al-Shabaab (terrorist group) regaining its control of the southern region of Somalia, piracy on the seas, and recent drought and famine crisis that struck in the summer of 2011, the TFG is having difficulty in achieving its goals for the nation.

The United Mexican States believes that a peaceful resolution must be made in regards to the conflict within this African nation. The TFG and its goals are certainly a priority for the international community. A unified authority in a war-torn nation such as this is essential to the social and economic promotion of a society.

The Transitional Federal Government will most likely need additional international aid, considering the cornucopia of problems Somalia is facing at this time. However, in regards to the principals of Mexican foreign policy, it is only fitting that the United Mexican States remain neutral on the domestic affairs within the nation of Somalia. Despite Mexico’s neutrality, Mexico does acknowledge the fact that the TFG and its efforts are indeed to better the nation of Somalia. Further consideration on this matter will be addressed in time, and perhaps the Mexican government will see it fit to provide peacekeeping and military aid in collaboration with the United Nations to better the situation in Somalia.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Netherlands
Delegate Name: John Dood
School: Forest Hills Northern High School

In 1991 when civil war broke out in Somalia, Somalia’s central government ceased to be effective. Aid was provided to Somalia by the United Nations and the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) was established in August 2004. Despite this, conditions have not improved very much. Starvation and riots have occurred and militant Islamic groups have invaded the area. AMISOM (African Union Mission in Somalia), established by Security Counsil Resoulution 1744, has been a usefull organization for negotiating with hostiles in the area.

The Netherlands has mainained execlent relations with African nations. We have established mutually beneficial relationships with these countries and hope to maintain them. We have had mental asylums in uor borders that servised many Somalis when the confict was begining. We have also had a Somali delagate on our house of representatives, Ayaan Hirsi Ali that was named by time Magazine to be one of the "100 most influential people in the world."

The Netherlands has donated over 15 million euros to Somalia relief projects and has pledged 10 million more in humanitarian aid. We have also volunteered a frigate to the EU anti-piracy mission that allows humanitarian aid to be taken to Somalia unharmed by pirates. The Netherlands has also asisted in the training of soldiers in the area.

The Dutch republic believes that the situation will improve when AMISON is at full strength at 12,000 soldiers as stated by United Nationals Security Council Resolution 2010. We hope to work with the European Union (EU) and the African Union to bring stability to this troubled area.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: North Korea
Delegate Name: Levi Teitel
School: Roeper School

​Since the occurrence of the Somali Civil War beginning in 1991, Somalia has no proper government. The Transitional Federal Government only controls a portion of the land of Somalia, while it maintains a staunch, extreme, and militant Islamist legal structure, using shari’a law as its basis. Another Islamist group, the militant Al Shabaab, is an organization whose goal is to overthrow the current Somali government. Currently, the group already controls a majority of southern Somalia. The organization’s territory has only gotten bigger, as outside actors, such as Eritrea, have supported the group’s motives. Somaliland, the northwestern Somali government who self-proclaim to be a sovereign state, also has connections with the Al Shabaab group. During the 2010 elections, the newly elected President Ahmed Mahamoud Silanyo was said to have ties with a large pool of radical Islamic groups, such as Al Shabaab, according to the International Strategic Studies Association (ISSA).

​Countries such as Ethiopia have addressed the Somali problem by invading Southern Somalia. Kenya tries to prevent extremist clans from spreading its fighting beyond its borders, and France has been both vocal and monetarily benevolent to Somalia; they have provided training to soldiers, and provided money to NGOs, as have the United States and United Kingdom. At the same time, Nhabaab, a jihadist and a terrorist group, maintains ties with Al Qaeda. The UNSC has also put sanctions on Eritrea because of their financial aid to Al Shabaab, in addition to smaller militant groups.

​The DPRK believes that western countries do not have any right to intervene in Somalia; only close African countries should be concerned with Somalia, as other countries should find the topic of Somalia irrelevant. The DPRK supports Somalia sovereignty, even if it is the case that Somalia is split up into pieces by internal forces. this is an issue for the fraternal Somali people to resolve themselves, without Western interference.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Pakistan
Delegate Name: Georgia Bayerl
School: Williamston High School

The dire situation in Somalia is one that can no longer be ignored. With violence increasing every day and the continuation of failed attempts to unify the country, this issue is one that can wait no longer to be solved. Pakistan has always stood behind Somalia and their efforts to create a unified Islamic state. We gave support to them during their revolution, giving our troops and money so that they may be allowed to form a stable government for their people. Now that the Transitional Federal Government, currently operating as the head of Somalia, is planning for elections next year the time to act and secure Somalia’s future is now. We as the United Nations must make motions now to assure that these elections go on as planned and that the stability of Somalia is increased. There must be decreased terrorism and increased unification within that country if we ever hope to bring Somalia back from the brink of total chaos.

Pakistan has a history of helping Somalia and we are willing to do it again. We were one of the most recognized groups in helping Somalia during their civil war. We have always been very active in all actions taken by the United Nations in the 1990’s and we are hoping to be able to play the same role this time. After having given so much to stabilize and promote the well-being of this country we have no qualms about giving this final effort to push Somalia into stability and prosperity. Pakistan, after giving so much, cannot stand idly by and allow this country to return to the way they were before United Nations aid. We were the first to respond to the United Nations call for aid when Somalia needed it before and we will be glad to do it again.

Pakistan believes that this problem can be remedied with careful planning and execution of aid missions to Somalia. First we must work on the protection of the innocent citizens from terrorist and insurgency acts around the nation. We must also provide aid and support in unifying the nation under the standing government and promoting the election of an official ruler in 2012. We would hope that our allies China, Saudi Arabia, Iran and Turkey would help us in our efforts, as well as other nations who had helped Somalia before such as Austria, Canada, France and Germany.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Portugal
Delegate Name: Anna Kidder
School: Saginaw Arts and Sciences Academy

Somalia has been in turmoil ever since the eruption of civil war in 1991. Somalis have suffered political instability and warfare, famine, and piracy. It is a political and humanitarian catastrophe. Although progress has been made by AMISOM, the country remains fragile. It is vital to the inhabitants of Somalia and its neighboring countries that peace and stability is restored.

Portugal is deeply concerned and distressed by the situation and continues support of AMISOM and the Transitional Federal Government (TFG). The TFG has helped Somalia thus far, and will continue to do so as long as it retains support. It has assisted in protecting the safety of the Somalis, providing a trained and credible police force and a military, medical care, and the establishment of functioning state institutions. However, humanitarian operations remain a priority. Thousands suffer from famine and the population has become dependent of the limited medical care AMISOM provides. It is of the utmost importance that human rights are protected in Somalia throughout and after the transitional period, particularly the rights of women. AMISOM has been vital in providing this and protecting the TFG. However, they are underequipped to carry out their goal. It is Portugal’s recommendation that additional peacekeeping troops are deployed to Somalia.

It is not just Somalia that is affected by this upheaval, but surrounding countries and those who trade with Somalia. Piracy has become a major problem. Pirates have taken advantage of the situation and the waters surrounding Somalia, and their ransom goes up with each captured ship. It further threatens the people and the stability of Somalia. It is necessary that the UN takes immediate action to eliminate piracy.

It is Portugal’s hope that, in coalition with AMISON and the UN, we can help stimulate economic and social development as well as providing the framework for peace and stability in Somalia. Though the situation is difficult, we are optimistic about stabilization of Somalia. We praise the efforts of the African Union and the United Nations in Somalia, and encourage other countries to contribute to the goal of a better future for Somalia.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Qatar
Delegate Name: Madeline Bolton
School: Royal Oak High School

Since its civil war in 1991, the Islamic country Somalia has had no functioning government. Many efforts have been made by the United Nations in order to help this country from suffering from drought, famine, piracy and war. UNITAF (United Task Force) was a program made up of 24 countries to secure relief centers that help the flow of humanitarian aid. UNOSOM I(United Nations Operation in Somalia) assisted in a ceasefire between rebel groups (which proved ineffective). The second attempt was UNOSOM II was installed in 1993, tried to establish a secure environment in Somalia. This proved unsuccessful in 1995. In 2004, the Transitional Federal Government(TFG) was then established. Currently, the TFG has control over 6 square blocks of Mogadishu, the nation's capital.

Qatar is willing to supply support and relief to the Somalian people. Qatar recently established a grassroots project for humanitarian aid. It's asking Qatari people to donate their old clothing, kitchenware, tents and other useful supplies. Qatar wants to expand this project. Qatar is also acting as a "peacemaker" between the factions of Somalia and the TFG. This is in an effort to try and strengthen the Transitional Federal Government.

Qatar will help resolve the situation in Somalia by continuing the role of negotiator between the TFG and rebel groups. If Qatar and other nations were to support the Transitional Federal Government and encourage compromise between it and the Somalian rebel groups, hopefully, confidence in the TFG will increase. Qatar also wants to encourage willing and able nations to support their (Qatar's) relief effort . In addition, Qatar wants to put stricter regulation on weapon trade into Somalia. This will limit the supply of weapons to the rebel groups, and hopefully lower the death rate.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Russia
Delegate Name: Cody Colvin
School: Forest Hills Central High School

The Russian Federation recognizes the military conflict in Somalia and the Horn of Africa as a result of the increasing power of destructive and radical organizations that seek to tear Somalia apart. The acts of aggression that terrorize the region, Russia recognizes, are mainly the acts of the Islamist military faction Al-Shabaab. This organization is attempting to overthrow the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia, and is harming the people of Somalia intentionally as well as blocking them off from aid.

Members of Al-Shabaab have shown complete disregard for human life, and is engaging in combat against not only the Transitional Federal Government (TFG), but also the African Union Mission to Somalia (AMISOM). They have even kidnapped and killed aid and humanitarian workers attempting to deliver necessary food and supplies to the people of Somalia, who are victim to draught and famine. Al-Shabaab has declared war on the United Nations, forcing Russia to use whatever force necessary.

Not only does the Russian Federation fully support humanitarian aid to the area, we support the strengthening of the TFG’s security and defense structures and forces. We also feel that, in order for a stable government and lasting peace to rise, Al-Shabaab must be neutralized. African Union peacekeepers must be supported with reinforcements and aid, the UN’s presence must be expanded, and the channels that keep Al-Shabaab supplied and armed must be shut down.

Russia maintains that, in order for the TFG to become a lasting government, they must closely interact with their denizens in this time of need. Achievement of a peace settlement will largely depend on the Somali people themselves. Russia encourages the TFG to establish lasting social base, and we urge them to ensure that the population has economic and social services. A healthy, constructive, peaceful governmental opposition will be needed in order for people to participate in the nation’s politics and the deciding of the future constitution.

Somalia will never be peaceful until the issue of piracy is quelled. Counter-piracy measures do not keep up with current developments. Russia urges the Security Council to take fast and decisive steps to neutralize this threat, and urges the United Nations to develop a better justice system for pirates. The impunity that they enjoy must be destroyed, and Russia is more than willing to take part in the process of stripping these criminals of their legal invincibility.

Russia also maintains that any nation, group or individual supplying Al-Shabaab or Somalian aggressors must be subject to sanctions and other fitting forms of punishment. One of these supporters is Eritrea, and Russia urges the Security Council to continue providing decisive action towards them and any other nation that willingly defies the United Nations or lengthens the suffering of the Somali people through supplying Al-Shabaab.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Serbia
Delegate Name: Eric Satterlee
School: Forest Hills Northern High School

With the outbreak of a civil war in Somalia in 1991, violence and starvation has impacted many of its people. Unfortunately the United Nations Operation in Somalia, both I and II, failed to re-establish a lasting peace. The Transitional Federal Government, internationally recognized and supported by Ethiopia, was established in 2004. The African Union Mission in Somalia was created in January of 2007 in order to solidify the Transitional Federal Government's rule. This led to peace negotiations and subsequently the Djibouti Agreement. However, famine has been declared with 12 million people at risk of starvation. Both famine and continuing conflict have created an extremely volatile and dire situation for the people of the Somali Republic.

The Republic of Serbia recognizes the need for multilateral intervention in Somalia to stop the starvation of 12 million people. More aid should be sent to the region in order to reverse the famine. Security should also be a top priority in order to maintain peace and stability. To contribute to the security of the region Serbia has agreed to help train TFG troops.

Piracy has become a very important issue in Somalia as well. Pirates impact shipping lanes critical to Serbia and many other nations, threatening regional and international commerce. We believe further anti- piracy missions should be conducted to diminish the threat of piracy.

The Republic of Serbia would like to see further aid and support be given to Somalia in order to secure regional stability and protect the lives of the civilians of Somalia.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Sierra Leone
Delegate Name: Gabriella Garza
School: Williamston High School

Somalia lies in the horn of Africa. Since the outbreak of the 1991 Civil War, there has been no central government control over most of the country while the Transitional Federal Government is the current internationally recognized government of the republic of Somalia. Somalia has been in a constant state of turmoil, fighting and anarchy since the collapse of Siad Barre’s regime in 1991. It remains one of the worst humanitarian situations in the world, with 3.2 million people in need of assistance and 1 in 7 Somalis having fled their homes.

Sierra Leone is an extremely poor nation with tremendous inequality in income distribution. We are facing similar problems in our economy like poverty and famine as are Somalia. The IMF has completed a Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility program that helped stabilize economic growth and reduce inflation and in 2010 approved a new program worth $45 million over three years. Political stability has led to a revival of economic activity. We believe that funding money can help Somalia too.

Now that we are growing, we look to help other countrys in need of our aid like Somalia. We believe that making a centralized governement for Somalia will lead to a better economy and a better environment for their people. Sierra Leone is looking to work with many countries to find a solution for Somalia and its governement by strengthening the state's capacity so that the government has greater legitimacy and the opposition gets disfavored.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Somalia
Delegate Name: Leon Pescador
School: Ann Arbor Community High School

Somalia has found itself without a government since 1991. Civil war and oppression have hindered progress to reunify the country and famine and drought further threaten the well being of Somalia’s citizens. Aid provided by the United Nations has yet to reach most Somalians affected by the famine because of the armed militia group Al-Shabab. In areas controlled by Al-Shabab, food and other forms of aid have been kept away from the people. In the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the 5th Article states, “no one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.” However, many Somalians are being denied food aid because Al-Shabab will not allow it to go through.

The transitional government of Somalia requests that the United Nations assists in trying to deliver more aid to the regions affected by the famine and military intervention to eradicate Al-Shabab’s presence in Somalia. Over 750,000 are at risk from the famine and many have died already. If Al-Shabab is not removed from the region, many more could starve to death.

Al-Shabab is also responsible for denying equality to women, torture and has committed other humanitarian crimes as well. A large number of Somalians are displaced because of Al-Shabab’s reign of terror. Removing Al-Shabab and giving more aid to Somalia will not only stop hundreds of thousands from starving, but will help in creating a new, central government.

If the famine in Somalia is to be solved, swift action will need to be taken. Many Somalians have witnessed killing, torture or brutality by Al-Shabab. Hopefully, the suggestions in this paper will be carefully considered because the crisis in Somalia is extremely urgent. Hundreds of thousands of lives are at stake. Whatever the outcome is, Somalia wants to preserve the lives of its citizens at all costs.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: South Africa
Delegate Name: Freida Blostein
School: Royal Oak High School

In today’s world, it seems that many governments sit upon uneasy pedestals, facing unrest within their own borders and without. Somalia is no exception, and in fact today stands as one of the most dangerous and unfortunate examples of recent history. The Transitional Federal Government stands on a brink of tragedy. Yet so far, the international community has operated on an “all or nothing” stance: either abandon the TFG to an unfortunate fate, or continue to provide all encompassing support to it.

This is not a viable path forward. To sacrifice the structure of the TFG represents a setback for all Somalia, to continue its course means an ongoing and never ending dependency cycle. Aid to Somalia, indeed aid to Africa, cannot form a relationship of dependence. The solution lies not in abandoning the TFG, or in propping it up, but in changing its form and structure to better suit the needs of Somalia.

South Africa recognizes the legitimacy and necessity of the TFG. South Africa also looks to the creative and purposeful solutions proposed by the International Crisis group and United States Institute for Peace. The TFG must adapt to survive and flourish, but these adaptations are possible with the assistance of the international community.

The tenets of a democratized and centralized government exist in the TFG and these very strengths have also made it susceptible. For Somalia is not a land with a history of centralized rule, or a society suited to the principles of primary power. Nor is the TFG the only stabilizing and counter insurgent group within Somalia. Local authorities maintain much of the law and order within Somalia, represent a portion of the resistance to Al-Shabab, and function well within the Somali society. From these observations have flowed the suggestions of some that all aid be switched from the TFG to these local authorities. South Africa however, feels that the TFG should broaden its political base by including local authorities in the political schematic, forming a system of governance wherein the central government serves as a coordinator for the unified goals of many localities. The international community can encourage, support, and facilitate this switch in the TFG government, a switch already planned for in the TFG charter. Until the switch is finalized and running smoothly, aid must be provided to both the TFG and its efforts and to local groups such as Ximan, Xeeb and the ASWJ administration with coordination through the Somalia Aide Coordinating Body (SACB). This will provide mechanisms for achieving international goals, shore up the stability of the nation and facilitate the cooperation between TFG and local authorities.

This reordering of the TFG would also necessitate a restructuring of the military forces present in Somalia. The national standing army of the TFG would be one of moderate size but greater efficiency, with several smaller bodies of military under the control of regional bodies, and thus indirectly controlled by the TFG. In such a system, the clan rivalries and tensions concerning the existence of a “dominant clan” in the form of the TFG would be alleviated. Until this military transition however, the presence of international peace keeping forces would lend stability to the nation.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Sri Lanka
Delegate Name: Adam Puja
School: Williamston High School

In 1983, there was governmental unrest in Sri Lanka. An insurgence group, known as the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, fought our government. In 26 years the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam killed an estimated 80,000-100,000 people and caused Sri Lanka great hardships with our economy. People starved as the terror tactics of the Tamil Tigers progressed. The country of Sri Lanka desires to support the citizens of Somalia, but we are currently limited in our support because we are recovering from our own disaster as flood waters recently destroyed crops and forced over 300,000 of our residents out of their homes. We are convinced that Somalia shares some of the same hardships as Sri Lanka, and we give our greatest condolences to them.

Somalia is undergoing a time of unrest and destruction. Since 1991, there has been no strong national government. Civil unrest and fighting has resulted in famines and death. Numerous past attempts by the United States and the UN to resolve this issue and maintain peace have failed. Despite these past attempts, now is the time to act. Al-Qaeda influenced groups, such as Al-Shabab, have taken over southern Somalia. They have been imposing violence, killing thousands and creating great famines. Most of Somalia has already fled to bordering countries because of this tyranny, while many others have turned to piracy, which has been ravaging the global shipping economy.

Over 10 Billion dollars each year is lost to piracy on the Indian Ocean. Current multinational efforts have proven insufficient to prevent piracy. We, as the nation of Sri Lanka, believe that it is necessary to rid Somalia’s coast from piracy, as well as assert more force to protect shipping on the waterways. We are confident that once these waterways are cleared, terrorist organizations, such as Al-Shabab, will be cut off from a large portion of its funding. Although a large goal, it can be accomplished through international cooperation. We ask maritime powers to share intelligence and have joint coordinated patrols in the region to seek out and protect ships.

Somalia’s people are in dire need of food and support. Over 3 million people are in need in Somalia. Having heard about the widespread drought and famine, Sri Lanka has provided 250 tons of rice to hunger-stricken people. Further recalling, we are in full support of the Transitional Federal government and believe it is necessary to impose a strong centralized government in order to diminish this violence for good.

In Conclusion, Sri Lanka firmly believes it is necessary for the UN to take action and support the Transitional Federal Government and the people of Somalia. This can be done by asserting more force against pirates on the coast of Somalia, shipping food and security to the people of Somalia, and sending support and arms to the Transitional Federal Government.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Syria
Delegate Name: Matt Gebhardt
School: Forest Hills Central High School

The current ongoing chaos taking place in Somalia – famine, piracy, refugee crisis, (etc.) – has disturbed the world. The Somalia famine affects roughly 3.7 million people causing mass displacement. The issue of piracy has practically become institutionalized in the hotspots of the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean as a whole. The refugee crisis currently includes approximately 895,000 refugees who are seeking protection in neighboring countries: Kenya, Ethiopia, Yemen, and Djibouti. The Transitional Federal Government (TFG) has been established due to the efforts of Ethiopia and thankfully in 2009, the TFG ratified the implementation of Islamic Law or Sharia Law. However, the TFG has not nearly established itself as Somalia’s central authority since it only has control over a small portion of the country. Another issue is terrorist group al-Shabaab, who has stationed itself in Mogadishu. Since the TFG has been established, al-Shabaab has increased significantly and has spread all over southern Somalia because the terrorist group wishes to establish their own authority. Without control from a central authority which practices safe but strict Islamic Law, like the TFG, Somalia will continue to have tribulations such as, famine, piracy, and the refugee crisis.

The nation of Syria would like to announce to the members of the United Nations that countries should contribute more financial aid to the TFG based on a small percentage of that country’s GDP. This will help stabilize the TFG; however, it won’t be enough due to al-Shabaab’s efforts. Thus, if a ceasefire isn’t drawn up, countries must agree to send in military action. This military would consist of UN peacekeepers or troops from nations who want to be involved. Although we, the nation of Syria, have our hands tied up at the moment with a disloyal uprising taking place, thus Syria’s military will not be involved.

Nations along with Syria whom support this position would be Arab states that advocate Islamic Law, such as Iran, Saudi Arabia, (etc.). Also, the refugee countries – Kenya, Ethiopia, Yemen, and Djibouti – would support this position to seek peace in the region. In addition, the piracy that takes place in the Gulf of Aden disrupts the main channel of transportation of oil in the world; thus, any country that is desperately in need of oil likely wishes to establish a peaceful and stabilized central authority in Somalia. Hopefully these nations will support with financial aid and if possible provide military action.

Nations against this position would likely be Israel and the United States because they like to impede Syria’s efforts. Also, these nations are probably too selfish to actually help other nations without something in return.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Thailand
Delegate Name: Dillan Nayee
School: Fishers High School

The outbreak of Civil War strongly affected Somalia’s central authority, leaving the government with no control over most of the land. Since this catastrophe, Somalia has suffered from increase in famines, violence, and anarchical control over the land. Not only has this lack of central government affected Somalia itself, but piracy has spread from the country. Ship raiding has become an issue worldwide, and is originating from Somalia, making this problem global as well as national.

Only until recently have groups come out in an attempt to restore political unity in Somalia. Of these groups, the most potential candidate is the internationally recognized Transitional Federal Government. This party is working to reestablish central government and a working governmental structure, and is prepared to establish a national military to serve as a defense mechanism. However, the issue at hand is that this group needs international support in order to succeed. This is why Thailand believes that it is completely necessary to support the Transitional Federal Government.

Since the absence of a central authority in Somalia, political and economic stability have gone downhill. It is important to reestablish this governmental structure in order to keep problems from turning more global. Piracy has already begun due to the lack of central government control over the land in Somalia. It is crucial to institute power to the Transitional Federal Government. Support of the Transitional Federal Government can help stop Somalia’s issues of famine, violence, and anarchical control over land. This governmental structure would help a central authority keep peace and control throughout Somalia. We could offer help and support in different ways in order to maintain worldwide tranquility.

Thailand has recently supported other countries in acts to keep peace. We are prepared to help Somalia sustain a lasting government that will prevent further acts of international and national violence and famine. Support could be offered through various methods such as peacekeeping troops. Some costs could also be covered through the offering of revenues to help support the transitional federal government. Thailand believes that all available support should be offered to Somalia in an attempt to help the poverty-stricken country and stop the world piracy from continuing.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Turkey
Delegate Name: Louis Hochster
School: Ann Arbor Community High School

Somalia has been without a stable government since 1991, the UN operations UNISOM I and II failed, and pulled out in 1995. The Transitional Federal Government (TFG) was established in 2004, but ousted two years later by the Islamic Tribunals, The TFG was reestablished in 2007 when it took and held the capitol of Somalia, Mogadishu. The country currently faces severe drought, putting over 750,000 people at risk for starvation. The problem is compounded by the fact that Al Shebab, the Islamist extremist group in control of much of Somalia, refuses to allow aid in. Al Shebab claims that the drought is the will of Allah, and that to stop it the people must pray.

The Republic of Turkey strongly supports any and all aid to Somalia, and has plans to build a hospital, create a sanitation system involving garbage disposal, and remove the garbage littering the streets of Mogadishu. Furthermore the Republic of Turkey has given $280 million (USD) and has organized $500 million more to be sent to Somalia in the hopes of combating the drought and restoring order to much of the country.

Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu called on other countries and non-governmental aid groups to provide aid to Somalia "All humanitarian aid organizations must mobilize their capabilities to help Somali people. There is a need for urgent action and intensified efforts," The Republic of Turkey believes that a much larger amount of aid is necessary to hold the drought at bay, and to boost the Somalian economy and holds that many countries must help provide the aid.

The drought in Somalia affects 3.76 million people, more than half of the country’s population and three-quarters of a million people are in danger of starving to death if immediate action is not taken. The Republic of Turkey has shipped over 150 tons of food to Somalia to combat starvation.

The Republic of Turkey strongly believes that large quantities of aid, large training programs, and development projects are all necessary if Somalia is to become a working nation-state again.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Ukraine
Delegate Name: Carl Korth
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

Somalia has lacked a functioning government since early 1991, when President Barre was overthrown. Since 1991, various factions have struggled for control, including UN backed peacekeeping missions and foreign forces from neighboring Kenya and Ethiopia. The first United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM I) was authorized in 1992. By the end of 1992, UNOSOM I was disregarded by the warring factions in Somalia. Due to the continuing violence the United States organized an international coalition, the Unified Task Force(UNITAF I), to secure Somalia in 1992. The Unified Task Force successfully fulfilled the UN mandate and alleviated the famine, and the majority of the US troops withdrew in May of 1993. Following the UNITAF efforts, the United Nations continued with a second humanitarian effort, UNOSOM II. Suffering numerous casualties and targeted by militia warlords, UNOSOM II withdrew from Somalia in March of 1995. In 2000 a collection of clans appointed Abdulkassim Salat Hassan as president at an international conference in Djibouti, where an internationally recognized government was set up, the Transitional National Government (TNG). The TNG however made little progress, establishing working institutions. The lack of progress led to further talks in 2004 between the Somalia Reconciliation and Restoration Council (SRRC) and the Transitional Federal Government (TFG), leading to the adoption of the Transitional Federal Charter of the Somali Republic. From the Transitional Federal Charter the TFG was formed with Abdullahi Yusuf as President. In 2006 following conflict between the Supreme Islamic Courts Council and the TFG, Ethiopian troops backed by the US entered Somalia and protected the TFG. By the end of 2006, the interim administration had seized control of most of the country with support from the Ethiopian troops, however, Islamist insurgents, fought back, and the majority of Southern Somalia has been under Islamist control since 2008, Ethiopian troops withdrew in early 2009, and the Al-Shabab militant group has been steadily advancing from southern Somalia since October of 2009.

The Ukrainian people, remembering the great famine in the early 20th century, the Holodomor, are strongly in favor for further international aid efforts that alleviate famine in Somalia. Nations should continue to provide and increase funds for the TFG and international agencies operating in Somalia. As the Al-Shabab militant group continues to impede efforts by international aid organizations, Ukraine supports the internationally backed Transitional Federal Government and it's efforts to restore peace and distribute aid throughout Somalia. Ukraine believes that greater international pressure and oversight will gradually cut down on corruption and enable the aid to reach the people that need it.

Countries that are against human suffering and famine such as the European Union will agree with Ukraine that further international aid is absolutely necessary. Along with international aid, Ukraine and the European Union unite in condemning countries against efforts to relieve the beleaguered Somalis. Ukraine supports the efforts of the European Union, and further economic and financial support must be provided to the TFG as they reclaim and rebuild Somalia.

The countries and factions that seek to capitalize off the conflict in Somalia, have absolutely no regard for the loss of human life and the suffering that is occurring. Ukraine believes that such countries are in the minority. The UN must demonstrate to these countries that the TFG has widespread international support and the humanitarian crisis in Somalia is more important to the international community than profit-making.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: United Kingdom
Delegate Name: Dimi Tcholakov
School: Fishers High School

The United Kingdom believes that the priorities in Somalia must be combating piracy, establishing stability, and providing humanitarian aid. Historically, Somalia has not had a stable government since the 1991 civil war. This is a detriment to the region and is the cause of many of the problems it faces. The Transitional Federal Government (TFG), established in 2004, has not been very successful in obtaining control of the nation. Somaliland and Puntland have both established relative stability, although both areas still experience numerous problems and need aid. Many surrounding nations have pledged to send troops to support stability in the region and protect the TFG. There are roughly 9,000 troops from Burundi and Uganda who will be soon joined by around 850 troops from Djibouti [1]. This increase in regional support is important to the future of Somalia. The piracy that is occurring off the coast has been very harmful to international commerce, and is a major issue.

The United Kingdom is a part of EU NAVFOR, which has been committed to clamping down on piracy in the area. We have supported local governments such as Puntland, who have stepped up efforts to combat piracy, and have shown great improvement in controlling this threat to security in the region. The United Kingdom has provided humanitarian aid to the people of Somalia, and will continue to do so. We feel that it is necessary to continue sending humanitarian aid in order to prevent the deaths of many people in the region. The United Kingdom also advocates continuing relations between the several governmental groups in the area, and trying to foster stability. The success of the TFG is vital to achieving this goal. However, the governments of Puntland and Somaliland should not be ignored, as they also have important roles in the area.

The United Kingdom would like to offer several areas in which to move forward on the issue of Somalia. First, the humanitarian aid provided needs to continue and be expanded greatly. This is to support the population that is suffering under the region’s volatility. Many people are starving in the region, and it is of utmost importance to provide the necessary supplies and care to as many people as possible. Secondly, the issue of piracy needs to be combated. Currently, prosecution is difficult, and there is not enough security forces to control it. We need to cooperate with local governments in order to decrease piracy in the area, as well as amend laws so that those responsible for these actions can be punished accordingly. Finally, there needs to be and increased military presence in Mogadishu. However, we believe that this support should come from nations near Somalia. There are already numerous nations that have pledged support in the area, and we feel that it would be beneficial if more do so This will help security of the area, and will also allow humanitarian aid to reach many more people in the country. UNSPC should follow the paths mentioned in order to try to fix the situation in Somalia.

Works Cited

1.Kron, Josh. "Djibouti's Soldiers to Join Peacekeepers in Somalia." New York Times. 2 Nov. 2011. Web. 7 Nov. 2011.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Venezuela
Delegate Name: Meredith McKeown
School: Ann Arbor Community High School

The United Nation has declared that the situation in Somalia “one of the worst food crises in the horn of Africa’s history.” It has placed over 12 million people at risk, 780,000 of them children. In 1991 a civil war broke out in Somalia between the Northern British part (Somaliland) and the South. The result of this war devastated much of the nation and resulted in disruption of agriculture and food distribution especially in southern Somalia. In 1992 the United Nation Security Council launched a peace keeping effort titled United Nations Operation in Somalia I (UNOSOM I). It’s force was limited to use of weapons only for self defense and while it was originally welcomed by both sides, it was later disregarded. Despite efforts from various nations, Somalia continues to be in a state of distress. As the result of two weak rainy seasons, Somalia is experiencing the worst drought in over 60 years and the killing of civilians has been referred to as “genocide.”

The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela believes that the least they can do is help. “By purchasing and sending additional food, it can often help soften the death and hunger that is present.” said president Hugo Chavez. Recently 50 tons of non- perishable food and clean water arrived in Somalia, as just part of the humanitarian aid sent by the Venezuelan government. Also a $5 million transaction was made to the international efforts in the Somalia area.

Hugo Chavez the Venezuelan president says the “If funding is not made available for humanitarian interventions now, the famine is likely to continue and spread.” He also believes that the Somalia’s “Savage Capitalism” is to blame for much of the death and hunger that is currently present, calling on all nations to “support (his) pledge to help the crisis ridden African Nation.”

Another way that this crises could be helped is by making the funds that are used by the United States and it’s European allies in Libya, Iraq, and Afghanistan available for humanitarian causes instead of war. In addition to these monetary and food supplies a delegation of Venezuelan military officials and a team of agricultural technicians is being sent to Somalia to see what else can be done to help pull them out of the drought and famine that they are currently facing and to help increase food production.

In order to move Somalia out of a state of distress, nations must come together to help and form a network of aid and support. The Venezuelan government strives to be a part of this through whatever means possible, allying itself with the United Nations and other nations striving to provide aid.

Topic: Situation in Somalia
Country: Yemen
Delegate Name: Maxwell Petit
School: Royal Oak High School

Somalia has been in a state of unrest and government failure, since 1991. Twenty years of failed attempt after failed attempt to establish stability in Somalia. All matters of actions have been attempted from peacekeepers, to foreign nations influencing Somalia. The Transitional Federal Government (TFG) requested aid from the UN, for the starving citizens of Somalia. Somalia’s citizens have been reduced, to violence with other citizens over the food the need to survive. Somalia has been declared in a state of famine. Still out side nations play with Somalia for their own personal gain.

The Republic of Yemen believes The United Nations should respect the Sovereignty of the Somalian people that was declared by the TFG charter. The Foreign aid must be increased so the people of Somalia can survive, and have enough food to continue to live, the TFG needs to gain power and become secure in its control of its own country.

Yemen believes the TFG can only gain power and become secure in its control, when it is completely independent from foreign influence. The Somalian people require more aid so they do not starve. The UN must require all nations to cease influence of the TFG and ask any willing and able nations to supply aid to the people of Somalia. Yemen believes this is the only way for Somalia to ever reach the state of peace we all wish for it.