Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Afghanistan
Delegate Name: Lydia Hodgson
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan knows too well the consequences of the possess of nuclear weapons. We strongly believe that although it is essential to the prosperity of the Middle-East for it to become a nuclear-weapons-free zone. The Afghan Foreign Ministry’s policy toward nuclear non-proliferation in the Middle East is as follows: “In view of the nature of modern warfare, we regard using most types of weapons of mass destruction as contrary to the international norms. We are seeking a universal disarmament of all nuclear weapons. We fully support an Asia and Middle-East free of nuclear weapons.”

It is necessary for nations to gain control of their respective nuclear weapons, under both public and private governance. In order for the UN to move forward in their attempts of disarmament and regulation, all facets of a country must be considered. If there is to be cohesiveness between UN member states, there must first be cohesiveness between the respective countries and their public and private militia groups, as well as their civilians. It is essential for this ideal to be carried out in the Middle East.

In 2008, through the Non-Aligned Movement, a statement was released, and as a member, Afghanistan “reaffirmed the basic and inalienable right of all states to develop research, production and use of atomic energy for peaceful purposes, without any discrimination and in conformity with their respective legal obligations.” It is entirely possible for member states to continue research with the aid of nuclear energy, without the possession of nuclear weapons. Yes, total proliferation of nuclear weapons is a lofty goal, however, it is possible.

In order for this to occur, there must first be transparency between UN member states. All states who agree to NTP must wholly adhere to the agreement, and there must be accountability and agreement of there being no use of large arms against other members. To maintain this agreement, UN affiliated inspectors must investigate all nations who agree to NTP, both to confirm total non-proliferation, as well as environmentally conscious methods of disposal. There should be as little harm as possible to the region in which the waste is being disposed, and Afghanistan pleads that the interest of the Middle East are protected in the selection of the disposal site.

Works Cited:

"Ministry of Foreign Affairs." Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2014.

"Iran Tracker." Afghanistan-Iran Foreign Relations. AEI Critical Threats Project, 2 Aug. 2011. Web. 17 Nov. 2014.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Albania
Delegate Name: Molly Miller
School: Mattawan High School

In 1970, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty was created in order for countries to prevent the spread of nuclear technology, disarm nuclear weapons, and demote hostile use of nuclear energy as a weapon. Every five years, the treaty is reviewed to make sure it is fulfilling its requirements. Unfortunately, not all countries have taken the necessary steps to execute the disarmament of nuclear weapons. The safe disposal of nuclear weapons is another problem. These weapons could possibly fall into the hands of non-authorized groups, which could become a worldwide threat. The issue of nuclear energy must be solved before a global crisis emerges.

Albania once possessed 36,769 pounds of chemical and nuclear weapons. On December 20, 1989, Albania joined the Geneva Protocol, which banned chemical and biological weapons. Additionally, Albania joined the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in September 1990, and on June 3, 1992, Albania became a member of the Biological Weapons Convention. In 2007, Albania became the world’s first nation to destroy all of its chemical weapons in a safe manner. Albania hopes to help other nations with the disarment of their own weapons. Albania does not possess any chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons. Albania believes that nuclear weapons should be disarmed and destroyed in a safe, reliable manner.

As a solution, the technology surrounding nuclear plants and weapons must be improved. Additionally, a compromise must be found between countries using nuclear power as a source of energy and countries that want to use nuclear energy to enrich substances such as uranium. Albania proposes that other sources of energy be used. We think that wind, solar, and geothermal energy sources would be possible solutions. Albania believes that creating these energy sources would also create jobs and improve our infrastructure. Albania currently faces limitations with transportation, communications, and electricity. Albania realizes that the destruction of chemical weapons must be done in a safe manner that will not pose a serious problem to public health. A step-by-step gradual approach to disarmament would be the most realistic route to take. Additionally, Albania believes that incentives need to be put in place in order for countries to follow through with nuclear disarmament. We need to make sure that we don’t push countries towards nuclear war.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Argentina
Delegate Name: Emma McNorton
School: Royal Oak High School

Argentina has never produced any nuclear weapons. However, we did pursue a nuclear technologies program for many years, but in 1992 Argentina made efforts to reduce their involvement in the nuclear field by entering into a bilateral agreement with Brazil. this agreement stated Brazil and Argentina were to place their materials and facilities under the supervision the Argentinean-Brazilian Agency for Accounting and Control (ABACC). In addition we entered into an comprehensive safeguards agreement with IAEA in hopes to show transparency and reassure the the world of any suspicions.

In 1993, argentina took a further step towards disarmament, by ratifying the Treaty of Tlatelolco, stating Latin-America is to be a nuclear weapons free zone. Then in 1994, Argentina acceded to the NPT as a non-nuclear weapon state, and since then we have continued to show our dedication to disarmament.

Argentina approves of a disarmed middle east. We believe the same success of the Treaty of Tlatelolco, can be experienced in the middle east as well. Argentina understands this is a delicate topic, wrought with varying opinions. But we hope for a disarmed future, especially in regions of conflict such as the middle east.

Argentina would strongly urge nations who have not ratified the NPT to follow our lead and do so. Being a nation who had not originally signed the NPT; we understand that the process to accession is not necessarily easy. However, doing so shows a level of commitment to disarmament and transparency to other nations unrivaled by any other action.

During this committee review, Argentina hopes to receive closure on stockpile safeguards and disarmament of the middle east. While working to a final goal of total disarmament.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Australia
Delegate Name: Annie Meyer-Rasmussen
School: East Grand Rapids High School

Australia knows that nuclear disarmament may be an extensive process, but, by following the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), the world may finally reach a state where there are no nuclear arsenals. Australia has both signed and ratified the NPT. However, despite its eagerness to reduce nuclear arsenals, Australia does not have nuclear weapons, nor does the country want any. Australia’s true stance on nuclear weapons was first revealed in 1985 when the government signed the Treaty of Rarotonga; this treaty bans the use and attainment of nuclear weapons in the South Pacific. Australia believes that the UN can improve their worldwide control over nuclear weapons by providing the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) with necessary tools to put safeguards into action.

Australia believes that nuclear weapons may potentially pose a threat to its citizens. However, the country remains open towards nuclear weapon states that increase international security, such as the United States. Australia wants nuclear weapon states to serve as leaders and commit to the abolition of nuclear weapons. Moreover, Australia believes it would be best if the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) returned to the NPT, which it withdrew from on January 10, 2003. Australia also supports a nuclear-free zone in the Middle East; Australia is ready to take action when other states are supportive of the implementation. In addition, Australia supports treaties like the New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START II) and Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). Australia fully approved the agreements made over START II between the U.S. and Russia. One agreement made was the prohibition of intercontinental ballistic missiles. CTBT bans every nuclear explosion in any environment. Australia has signed and ratified this treaty and pushes for other countries to do the same.

In addition to START II and CTBT, Australia has strong ties to the Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty (FMCT). This treaty proposes prohibition of fissile material for weapons. While most non-nuclear weapon states won’t be affected by this treaty if it goes into action, Australia will be since it provides fissile material. In fact, Australia’s uranium sources are the largest in the world totalling up at 31% of the world’s supply. One issue Australia debated over for a period of time was whether or not to sell uranium to India, a non-signatory of the NPT. Finally, in September of 2014, Australia declared that it would export uranium to India. Australia still plans to focus on urging countries to ratify the NPT and CTBT. In the upcoming conference, Australia would like to discuss the elimination of of nuclear arsenals and more transparency amongst states (concerning nuclear weapons).

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Austria
Delegate Name: Marcus McKay
School: Forest Hills Northern High School

Austria believes that the NPT should be listing out all credible information in full detail. The NPT is simply one source of what conflicts are in the making and what level of threats the global community should be concerned with. However, some nations don't believe this information is necessary, it is worth giving out in case of a crisis in which one region uninvolved is affected. Austria believes that a nuclear free zone is a solution that nations might not all agree to a set of terms towards if giving a single nation leeway in comparison to another nation which has complete restraint.

Nuclear disarmament can be encouraged by the trading nations that are not dealing with propaganda towards nuclear threats. Austria believes that nuclear weapons are unethical ways towards treating other nations in times of war. Austria would like to discuss this topic in depth with NPT nations in committee in hopes to resolve this topic in a well stated manner. As well as try to convince other nations to disarm their weapons for the good of all nations, especially nations at trade with Austria.

Austria believes that non members of the NPT are to join once they can commit to the terms that NPT nations all agree to voluntarily disarm all nuclear warheads and have no foreign entanglements of war before said disarmament. Austria would also like to go in depth in committee about this section of the topic, for all the specifications on disarmament on non NPT nations.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Bangladesh
Delegate Name: Miriam Attal
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

Bangladesh believes the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review should mainly deal with nuclear weapons in the Middle-East and the concern over slow disarmament of weapons. Due to the conflict in the Middle-East, establishing a safe nuclear-weapons-free zone is controversial, although taking into account the impact on humanitarian efforts will hopefully promote a nuclear-free zone. While many countries have agreed to disarmament of their nuclear weapons, the state of disarmament is slow and many member states have not fulfilled all agreed provisions. Measures need to be placed in order to gather commitment for disarmament. Additionally, a safe disposal of weapons must be devised and completed properly, before they reach the hands of those who would threaten international security.

Bangladesh supports a global community that eliminates all nuclear weapons to minimize the humanitarian consequences they inflict, including in the Middle-East. Due to the nature nuclear weapons have on the environment, the economy, and the potential for a nuclear war, the disarmament of nuclear weapons is essential. WMDs effect on existing populations is detrimental and creates long-lasting problems. In the hopes of never producing these destructive consequences again, Bangladesh is passionate and fully invested in the eradication of WMD internationally. Bangladesh has set the paragon for advocating the elimination of nuclear weapons by creating a nuclear-weapons-free zone and by being a member of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty. Furthermore, Bangladesh joined the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention and the Chemical Weapons Convention, which prohibit the stockpiling, use, and transport of any chemical weapons and promises assist in the destruction of harmful WMDs. Bangladesh is ready to support any country in its measures to ensure non-proliferation.

Bangladesh proposes a nuclear-free zone in the Middle East. Introducing these weapons would have catastrophic effects on the citizens and the humanitarian efforts of these countries. Concerning the disarmament of weapons, although significant progress has been made with the NPT, every member should complete certain steps toward complete disarmament by a specific set date. Not only will this prevent nuclear catastrophes, but it will hasten a solution for disposal safely and quickly. Bangladesh’s proposals will protect the Middle-East from the potential calamities of WMDs, create a nuclear-weapons-free zone, and quicken the process of disarmament. Any country’s proposals toward non-proliferation will have Bangladesh’s support.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Belarus
Delegate Name: Ethan Bradley
School: Royal Oak High School

Belarus is strongly opposed to nuclear weapons of any form. We would like to stress the importance of keeping people safe, and we believe that this is only reachable through immediate and absolute nuclear zero. Belarusian Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, V. Rybakov, addressed the first committee of the UN, saying, "when it comes to anything that is associated with nuclear weapons this should be nothing else but the path to comprehensive and irreversible zero, which includes: zero nuclear weapons research, zero nuclear tests and, finally, zero tolerance to the very existence of nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction." Belarus was the first post-soviet state to voluntarily denounce nuclear weapons, and the first to present the idea of complete nuclear zero. We are leading the way to a safer future, but who will follow?

The original nuclear non-proliferation treaty called for weapons and nuclear power to be shared, so long as they are used for good. However, this cannot truly be used for good. All that nuclear weapons have ever done was kill. It is thus that we ask any country truly wishing to keep their people safe to join us in the push for nuclear zero. Otherwise, billions of innocent lives are at risk. During the Cold War, the USA and USSR had many nuclear war scares, most notably the Cuban Missile Crisis, which could have easily led to war, and subsequently the end of life as we know it. For our own safety, it is imperative that we rid civilization of this nuclear disease, lest another tension rise as in the Cold War, when we may not be so lucky.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Belgium
Delegate Name: Brianna Wetherbee
School: Forest Hills Central High School

Belgium is concerned with Russia and the United States of America as they continually create weapons of mass destruction. The Non-Poliferation Treaty has received more signatures than any other treaty regarding arms disarmament. Belgium, however, believes that the NPT should encompass new ideas concerning nuclear weapons. Belgium is eager and willing it work with any nation that expresses similar concerns. Belgium would strongly support any country willing to safely eliminate their weapons of mass distruction.

In 1993, Belgium, along with 190 other countries, signed and ratified the Chemical Weapons Convention. However, we still find countries producing chemical weapons. These have no place in a peaceful society. Belgium is eager to collaborate with any country who expresses concerns regarding weapons of mass distruction. Some countries have expressed their grievances towards the NPT, stating that it cannot stop the production of nuclear weapons. Belgium understands that the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Russia, and China are countries producing such weapons.

Belgium believes that a peaceful world is one without nuclear weapons. We are astonished at the distruction such weapons can cause. Belgium proposes that all states currently producing these weapons immediately terminate their production and safely eliminate the current nuclear weapons they are in possession of. We can not stress enough our concern for the environment as well as public safety seeing how it is currently in jeopardy as the manufacturing of weapons of mass distruction continues.

We are concerned with what is best for not only Belgium, but all other nations. The production and possession of nuclear weapons is not what's best for powerful nations. If the five states currently manufacturing weapons of mass distruction stopped, the concerns of other nations would effectively be eliminated and the need for such weapons would be miniscule. Belgium is done standing by and is ready to tackle this situation head on.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Benin
Delegate Name: Matthew Leman
School: Royal Oak High School

Benin strongly believes that following and further development of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) is essential to the worlds safety and security. We have signed and ratified the NPT and the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). Signing these documents is a must for every country, because these treaties take us one step closer to a safer world. We realize that terrorist threats in the Middle East are a very serious issue. Benin believes that a nuclear weapons free zone in the Middle East is a sound strategy to ensure terrorists do not get a hold of nuclear weapons and use them against innocent people.

Benin recognises the very real danger nuclear weapons represent in terrorist hands. With the current situation in the Middle East, it would be a good idea at this time to have a nuclear-free zone. We should use any means to remove nuclear weapons even if that involves military force. They should be removed from trouble areas by soldiers from the UN, to a secure area where they can be securely dismantled, without a terrorist threat. We believe that all countries should sign the NPT and CTBT and counties that have already signed should step up their nuclear weapon dismantling. We believe that if some bigger countries start or enlarge their nuclear weapon dismantling programs, this will set an example for other countries to start their own dismantling programs or sign the NPT.

The only thing nuclear weapons bring is war and that was why they were created. Benin believes that nuclear weapons must be eliminated in order to fully have world peace. We realize that this will take time and effort so we are willing to work with any countries who also want nuclear disarmament.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Bolivia
Delegate Name: Dezirea Parris
School: Flint Southwestern Classical Academy

Issue: Recommendations for the 2015 nuclear non-proliferation treaty review

In 1970, the non-proliferation treaty entered and was soon extended in May of 1950. 190 states joined the treaty and this treaty recognized five states as nuclear weapon states and another four are believed to have possession of nuclear weapons. Israel, India, and Pakistan have never signed this treaty. Bolivia was not included in having possession of nuclear weapons, but wishes to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons. A treaty was produced in October 2002 called the Tlatelolco treaty, used to prohibit testing, manufacturing, production or the storage/deployment of weapons.

Bolivia recognizes that without the idea of preventing the spread of nuclear weapons there could be negative actions that take place but there could also be a positive side to this. Either there will be a rise to destruction and hatred in the world or there will be compromises and responsibility taken on by other countries. As for Bolivia, we believe that they will cause an increase of destruction and many other disasters if this issue is not approached.

Bolivia believes that we should keep the countries that bare nuclear weapons at a minimum in order to lessen the amount of destruction and war amongst our countries. Bolivia plans on taking action by preventing the spread of Nuclear weapons and lessening the idea of a negative outcome. We will do this by getting countries to agree with lessening the holders of nuclear weapons as well as trying to get those countries to agree with possibly taking a step of change. Using the Tlatelolco treaty, as a model to produce a new treaty to reduce or remove nuclear weapons in all or more nations would be beneficial.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Brazil
Delegate Name: Emily Livermore
School: East Grand Rapids High School

Brazil believes that the NPT is essential to ensure that nuclear disarmament is relentlessly pursued and ultimately achieved. Brazil acknowledges the NPT’s success concerning non-proliferation. However, Brazil has not seen as much commitment to elimination of nuclear weapons. Brazil wants NWS’s to realize that it is in their best interest to be a part of a world without nuclear weapons and therefore without tension[1].

In 1994 Brazil signed the Treaty of Tlatelolco in efforts to create a nuclear-free zone in Latin America and the Caribbean. In addition to this action, Brazil also has demonstrated commitment to peace within its own borders. Experts from Argentina are allowed to enter all nuclear installations in Brazil. In fact, Brazil clarified in its own constitution that the nuclear program is solely in place for peaceful purposes. Brazil is one of very few countries to allow the International Atomic Energy Agency to inspect its military facilities[2]. All of these efforts are Brazil’s ways of demonstrating dedication to peace and Brazil encourages other nations to participate in similar actions.

As we proceed in reviewing the NPT, Brazil finds it crucial that we move toward complete elimination of nuclear weapons and assure that they will not reappear later as technology continues to develop and advance. Brazil urges nations to pursue policies and actions that move in the direction of nuclear weapon elimination. Brazil would also like to acknowledge the difficulty of this is particular regions of the world. Little progress has been made in the Middle East concerning nuclear-free zones but Brazil would like to see that change[3]. Despite the difficulties, Brazil finds it is in the best interest of the states to continue with the objective of complete elimination. Brazil commends the belief of the New Agenda Coalition (NAC) that what does not exist cannot proliferate[4]. Therefore, as the review of the NPT continues it must be strengthened so the focus is on complete and permanent nuclear disarmament.

1 Ambassador Antonio Guerreiro “General Debate of the NPT PrepCom”, Geneva, Switzerland. 23, April, 2013.

2 Antonio Ramalho, Professor of International Relations, University of Brasilia. Personal Interview, May 19, 2010.

3 Ambassador Antonio Guerreiro “General Debate of the NPT PrepCom”, Geneva, Switzerland. 24, April, 2013.

4 Ambassador Antonio Guerreiro

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Canada
Delegate Name: Drew Baloga
School: East Grand Rapids High School

Canada does not currently own any nuclear weapons and has not housed any since 1984 when they ended their involvement with U.S. nuclear weapons.1 Canada signed the initial nuclear non-proliferation treaty and supports all elements preventing the spread of nuclear weapons. Canada is also allied with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and supports all of their policies regarding nuclear weapons.

Canada believes that in order to maintain the safety of citizens around the world that the spread and development of nuclear weapons should be strictly controlled and the disposal of dismantled weapons should be regulated in order to prevent them from falling into the hands of criminals. Also, Canada believes that making the Middle East a nuclear free zone is possible and should be attempted, even if it requires military action. Canada believes that alliances like NATO will be able to perform the necessary actions to achieve peace in the Middle East.

Current solutions available to solve the problems associated with nuclear weapons in the Middle East are limited due to the lack of knowledge about the presence of such weapons in some areas, but it is possible that nations will dismantle and surrender their weapons if other nations lead with the right example. Therefore, we can encourage other nations who may have unregulated nuclear weapons in regions such as the Middle East to dismantle their weapons if the nations that are members of the NPT increase their efforts to disarm these countries in ways such as limiting or eliminating their own production of nuclear weapons.

In conclusion, Canada believes that leading with the correct example is the most effective way to encourage countries to dismantle their own weapons and to increase their efforts to accelerate the process of nuclear disarmament. If it is necessary, Canada would consider taking military action in order to achieve completely rid the Middle East of nuclear weapons because Canada does believe that it is possible.

1. "Profile for Canada | NTI." NTI: Nuclear Threat Initiative. Web. 17 Nov. 2014. <http://www.nti.org/country-profiles/canada/>.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Central African Republic
Delegate Name: Grace Canfield
School: Williamston High School

The Central African Republic has been subject to the Treaty of Pelindaba since its ratification in July 2009. Also known as the African Nuclear Weapon Free Zone Treaty has declared that all countries in Africa and multiple surrounding islands has prohibited the research, development, testing, stockpiling, acquisition, and control or stationing of nuclear explosive devices in the named countries. While Africa has faced an incredible amount of turmoil in the past decade, this treaty has kept the damage from being irreparable. Being a member of such an unstable political continent, the Central African Republic understands the seeming impossibility of a comprehensive ban of WMDs. However, we do believe that it is possible under the cooperation of Middle Eastern governments and the coercion of such international bodies as the UN.

The Central African Republic believes that the largest problem that needs to be addressed is the stockpiling of nuclear weapons, which in unstable countries may fall into the hands of terrorists or otherwise ill-intentioned groups. The potential threat of nuclear destruction is not a matter that can be taken lightly as it only requires a few minutes to eliminate entire countries and civilizations. The NPT has made several key steps toward multilateral nuclear disarmament, however the Central African Republic believes that more can be made. We have been involved in many conferences internationally involving the humanitarian effect of nuclear weapons, and believe that the comprehensive elimination of nuclear weapons is key to international peace.

The Central African Republic would like to see more cooperation from Middle-Eastern governments and leaders in the NPT. We understand the nearly insurmountable challenge of completely eliminating the threat of nuclear weapons, however we believe that it is vital and achievable through pressure from the international community. Many influential members of the UN have their hands in Middle-Eastern affairs, and we would suggest that they exert pressure on their allies in the Middle East to eliminate entirely nuclear stockpiles and nuclear interests. It is vital not only to individual lives and civilians, but also to entire civilizations and societies that nuclear weapons be eliminated entirely.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Chad
Delegate Name: Henry Atkins
School: Grand Rapids City High School

Today, the risk of nuclear conflict is historically low. Thanks in part to a variety of initiatives on the part of the United Nations, nuclear proliferation has been sharply limited in recent decades, and nuclear tensions between great powers are increasingly rare. There are now roughly 16,000 nuclear warheads in existence, only 4,200 of which are considered operational. This is a shocking decrease from the nearly 70,000 warheads that existed in 1986. As a matter of fact, overall, nuclear weapons have consistently decreased in number for nearly thirty years. Furthermore, there are only 9 countries with confirmed or suspected possession of nuclear weapons. Nonetheless, nuclear weapons still represent a grave threat to humanity. A recent study conducted found that “a war fought with less than half of US or Russian strategic nuclear weapons would destroy the human race.” The capacity of nuclear weapons to devastate entire cities in the blink of an eye, taking the lives of millions and, ultimately, possibly destroying the world means that they must never be used again. The Republic of Chad believes that at this meeting, it is the United Nations’ responsibility to ensure that the people of this world can live without fear of nuclear war.

The efforts already taken by the United Nations are staggering and are, no doubt, responsible for much of the disarmament seen in recent decades. As a matter of fact, the very first adopted United Nations General Assembly resolution created “A Commission to Deal With the Problems Raised by the Discovery of Atomic Energy.” Many bilateral and multilateral treaties exist between different member states, such as the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty between Russia and the United States. The United Nations has also undertaken many initiatives regarding nuclear weapons, such as Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty as well as the Partial Test Ban Treaty. However, far more sweeping than any other action taken by the United Nations is the landmark signing of the Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons, which provided many mechanisms designed to deterring nuclear weapons proliferation and aiding disarmament. Nuclear powers agreed not to provide nuclear weapons or the technology to create them to non-nuclear states, and also agreed to move toward negotiations to reduce arms. Non-nuclear powers agreed not to pursue these weapons of mass destruction. At the same time, the United Nations agreed to provide nuclear technology and information to be used for peaceful purposes as fairly and cheaply as possible. The International Atomic Energy Agency was also created in order to monitor member nations and ensure that they comply with these regulations.

However, the Republic of Chad believes that the Treaty as it exists now is not without fault. As has been widely noted, one issue “is the lack of adequate verification and enforcement mechanisms available” in dealing with states that may secretly be pursuing nuclear weapons. Article X, for example, allows member nations to withdraw from the Treaty without penalty. Without strong enforcement mechanisms in place, the Treaty cannot effectively combat nuclear proliferation. Furthermore, much of the technology supplied to states with the aim of building nuclear energy infrastructure can also be used to create a nuclear weapon. When the Treaty was first ratified, the militarization of nuclear technology used for peaceful purposes was much more difficult. However, as is displayed in the uncertainty over the present Iranian nuclear program, it is no longer so easy to draw the line between peaceful and military nuclear technology. Moreover, there are many loopholes preventing nuclear powers from truly disarming: Nuclear powers are not bound to hold negotiations by the text of the Treaty; rather to “undertake to pursue” negotiations. These negotiations do not need to pursue an end to the nuclear arms race; rather, they must discuss “means relating to cessation of the nuclear arms race.” These technicalities, while at face value unimportant, have helped member states to avoid their responsibilities regarding disarmament.

The Republic of Chad proposes several changes to this system. The Republic of Chad has always been dedicated to pursuing nuclear disarmament: Chad was one of the earliest signatories of the Treaty, signing in 1968. Recently, it ratified the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, and outside of the United Nations, the Republic is a signatory of the Pelindaba Treaty, which banned nuclear weapons in Africa. The Republic of Chad’s expansion of access for the IAEA was “hailed as a milestone in efforts to bolster global nuclear verification efforts.” Today, the Republic of Chad sees the potential to increase global disarmament efforts, and looks to 2015 as a year of opportunity. The Republic of Chad wishes to see loopholes closed within the Treaty, additional funding for the IAEA, a provision added which will provide economic aid to states which do not pursue nuclear weapons and allow free access to the IAEA so as to incentivize compliance, and mandated increased use of the “Additional Protocol” allowing the IAEA to conduct short-notice inspections of sites. The Republic of Chad realizes these measures may be opposed by some countries, such as Iran. However, as a non-nuclear power the Republic of Chad is keenly aware that the vast majority of member states favor stronger action on disarmament. It is this action which will protect the populace and leave a safer world for the next generation.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Chile
Delegate Name: Ashley Christian
School: Flint Southwestern Classical Academy

Imagine that you have built a well-structured Dam that is keeping water from bursting through and destroying everything. The last thing that you’re going to want is to have a hole in your dam. This is how we look at the 2015 Non-Proliferation Treaty coming up. During the 2014 meeting in April about this topic, many issues were brought up, one of them being getting rid of nuclear weapons and stopping the creation of them in general. This idea had many countries following behind it such as Egypt, New Zealand, Mexico, etc. Also, another topic was trying to create a flawless treaty for the banning of the nuclear weapons to make sure that countries follow through on the order.

We believe that the creation of nuclear weapons in general should be stopped. As a smaller country, it is not in our best interest to have nuclear weapons in use when we don’t have any ourselves. When all of the larger countries have nuclear weapons made and ready to use, it gives us cause to fear and want the destruction of them. We also feel that creating a treaty to ban nuclear weapons would be a good idea to ensure the safety of the small nations of the world.

We would like to see the restriction of use on nuclear weapons for the safety of our nation, and other small countries like ours. Also, our country would like to pursue a treaty to ban these nuclear weapons from use, stock piling, and creation. Other than this new development, our country is satisfied with the current conditions.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: China
Delegate Name: Isabel Ivanescu
School: Roeper School

Forty-four years ago, the world’s powers united to enact the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, a document that would protect the world from the most dangerous weapons of all. Twenty-two years ago, they were joined by the two remaining nuclear powers, France and the People’s Republic of China. Today, our great nation is honored to participate in the process of quinquennial review of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT, the Treaty).

The People’s Republic of China firmly believes that the NPT continues to serve a vital purpose, and that all articles of the Treaty remain timely and relevant. However, China also believes that with select resolutions the trial intents of the Treaty (i) would be better served, and our world would be made safer. With the intent of preventing the further spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, we must create two new Nuclear Weapon Free Zones and facilitate political situations in which all nations will allow International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspectors onto their sovereign territory and political situations in which all nations can become party to the NPT; we must also ensure that non-governmental and terror groups cannot obtain fissile materials. With the intent of promoting peaceful uses of nuclear energy, we must allow Iran to pursue a non-military nuclear program. And with the intent of nuclear disarmament, we must let the nations with the largest nuclear arsenals lead, and negotiate with those nations least inclined towards disarmament. In addition, we must take measures to establish an international protocol for the safe disposal of nuclear materials and the discharging of outdated and hazardous nuclear power plants.

The first and foremost course of action in achieving the safety of our societies is the prevention of the spread of nuclear weapons. China believes that the most important way to facilitate this course is to establish further Nuclear Weapon Free Zones (NWFZs), in the Middle East (ii) and in South Asia.

The first of these proposed zones would encompass the Lebanese Republic, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, the Syrian Arab Republic, the Republic of Iraq, the Republic of Yemen, the Sultanate of Oman, the United Arab Emirates, the Kingdom of Bahrain, the State of Kuwait, the Islamic Republic of Iran, and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. In the interest of a fully nuclear-weapon-free Middle East, China also requests that the North Atlantic Treaty Organization withdraw any missiles they are currently depositing in the Republic of Turkey, so that the Republic of Turkey, too, may join a Middle East NWFZ. China’s ultimate goal is, of course, that the State of Israel should also join this zone; however, in accordance with the report of the United Nations Disarmament Commission of April 30th, 1999, China acknowledges and endorses that “Nuclear-weapon-free zones should be established on the basis of arrangements free arrived at among the States of the region concerned.”(iii) Furthermore, China is certain that, once the State of Israel feels that all the potential nuclear threats in the region have been neutralized, it will show no hesitation in joining the NWFZ. All of the nations encompassed by the proposed ME-NWFZ that have previously replied to the possibility of the establishment of such a zone, have done so in the affirmative. The Republic of Iraq has “affirm[ed] its support for the establishment”; the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan “supports endeavors aimed at the establishment”; the Syrian Arab Republic “welcomes efforts to establish”; the Islamic Republic of Iran first proposed the establishment of a NWFZ and “will continue its strong support”(iv); and the State of Libya, on behalf of the members of the League of Arab States has “supported the call for the establishment.”(v) Given the clear lack of opposition on the part of any nation other than the State of Israel, China calls for the establishment of a NWFZ in the Middle East that the State of Israel may later join. China is certain that this assembly will constitute the “dialogue,” and that the decisions of this assembly will create the “confidence-building measures” that the State of Israel desires as a prerequisite for participation in a NWFZ.(vi)

The second of these proposed zones would encompass the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, and the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, with India eventually joining. Though most of South East Asia is already covered by the NWFZ established in the Treaty of Bangkok,(vii) those nations found in and around the most volatile region of Asia, namely Jammu and Kashmir, and the Arunachal Pradesh area of the Tibet Autonomous Region, are not encompassed within the NWFZ. China is painfully aware that both India and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan have significant nuclear stockpiles; however, China holds out hopes that India can be enticed to disarm and join the proposed South Asia NWFZ, granting the Islamic Republic of Pakistan a threat-free environment to disarm as well and reducing long-term risks.

China, as the first nations to do so, would also encourage all the Nuclear Weapon States to adopt non-first-use policies.(viii) Non-nuclear weapon states will have far less reason to develop nuclear weapons if all the Nuclear Weapon States have such policies.

In promoting the peaceful uses of nuclear technology, China believes that all nations should consent to Iran’s civilian nuclear program. While China is fully in favor of talks to insure that Iran does not turn its nuclear energy program into nuclear military capabilities, it also grants credence to Iran’s statements that it has no such intent.

In pursuing the ultimate purpose of the NPT: nuclear disarmament, China believes that disarmament should be done bilaterally or multilaterally in every situation of tension.

China would appreciate the leadership of the two nations with by-far the largest nuclear stockpiles, namely The Russian Federation and the United States of America.(ix) If both nations were to further act in the reduction of the stockpiles at the same time, and in according amounts, there would be no risk of negotiations in bad faith. China, however, does not believe that these two nations should completely eliminate their nuclear stockpiles at the present time; the NPT establishes five nuclear states, whose role is to regulate and secure the world and balance each other’s interests; when each nuclear nation retains, for example, approximately 200 warheads, the world will be safer overall.

China proposes that India begin the elimination of its stockpile, to then be followed by the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. As India was the nation that necessitated the Islamic Republic of Pakistan’s acquisition of nuclear capabilities, it is only fair that they enable its disarmament as well. It is China’s firm belief that both of these nations must achieve full eradication of the nuclear arms.

China fully believes that the State of Israel would be willing to destroy any stockpile it may have after a Middle East NWFZ is imposed, and any potential nuclear threat to the State of Israel is vanquished.

In the disarmament of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, China believes that the only solution is multilateral talks among Asia-Pacific and interested nations, including China, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the United States, and the Russian Federation, in the tradition of the usual six-party talks.(x) China will do its utmost to secure the cooperation of the North Koreans.

In facilitating disarmament, it is also requisite to establish political situations in which all nations will allow United Nations IAEA inspectors onto their territory and into their facilities. The most pressing situations regarding inspection are in the Islamic Republic of Iran, in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, and in South Asia.

China is certain that the Islamic Republic of Iran will be willing, after joining a Middle East Nuclear Weapon Free Zone, to allow inspectors into their nation to show the world that their intentions are entirely peaceful.

China again intends to exercise its influence to convince the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to allow entry inspectors, and requests the assistance of the international community in this complex task.

China is highly concerned that no nuclear state in South Asian allows full inspections, and thus requests that the international community, by means of the Security Council, move to condemn and impose sanctions on any South Asian state that should continue along this path. Unsupervised nuclear facilities are a threat to the entire world.

If all the measures proposed above are adopted, the states which still have to become party to the NPT (the State of Israel, the Republic of South Sudan, India, and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan)(xi) will have no reason to hesitate in doing so.

China also feels that this preparatory committee must address the safe disposal and use of nuclear materials. China believes that the ideal way to do this would be to direct the IAEA to establish a new set of protocols for collaborating with all nations to secure their used fissile materials, to avoid the seizure of these materials by non-governmental and terror groups, and to replace old and unsafe nuclear technologies with those of the modern day.

In conclusion, China must state its unequivocal support for the premises of the Non-Proliferation Treaty and for the many policy proposals that will strengthen the ability of the Treaty to execute its purposes.

To echo the words of our Russian and American fellows, the nuclear issue is one of such importance that we must not only trust, but verify. That said, the People’s Republic of China is certain of the collaboration of all nations in the ultimate goal of reaching world-wide safety and security.

References:

i Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs

ii Report on Steps to Advance the Middle East Peace Process and to Promote the Establishment of a Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone in the Middle East, Permanent Mission of the People’s Republic of China to the United Nations, 2005

iii Guidelines and Principles for the Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones, United Nations Disarmament Commission Report, 1999

iv Establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the region of the Middle East Addendum, Report of the Secretary-General, 2013

v Establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the region of the Middle East, Report of the Secretary-General, 2013

vi Response by the State of Israel to The Secretary-General report: Establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the region of the Middle East, Permanent Mission of Israel to the United Nations, 2013

vii Nuclear Weapon Free Zones, United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairsviii China: Accession to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs, 1992

ix The Nuclear Weapons States- Who Has Them And How Many, Forbes Magazine, 2014

x Statement by Ambassador Li Baodong, Permanent Representative of China to the United Nations, at the Security Council Briefing on Nuclear Non-proliferation, Nuclear Disarmament and Nuclear Security, Permanent Mission of the People’s Republic of China to the United Nations, 2012

xi Status of the Treaty Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Congo
Delegate Name: Hannah Jackson
School: Saginaw Arts and Sciences Academy

The Democratic Republic of Congo believes that strengthening the Nuclear Proliferation Treaty is critical to maintaining global peace. Congo has been a party to the NPT since 1970, and would like to see it evolve to address the changing world environment. We also encourage states that are not parties to the NPT to sign and ratify this important treaty. This is the first step in improving the NPT. States that have not signed or ratified the NPT could be given incentives to do so, and they could be helped in gaining measures of national security other than nuclear weapons.

As a party to the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, DR Congo is of the belief that eliminating nuclear weapons tests is a crucial step to avoiding nuclear warfare. Congo urges all members of the international community to consider ratifying the CTBT. We would also like to see nations comply with the IAEA safeguards, which help ensure peace around the world, and, if heeded, will especially help guarantee that the Middle East is a region without nuclear weapons. Additionally, DR Congo thinks that it would be best if nuclear weapons states cooperated, working together toward full disarmament. This is the only way to ensure the prevention of nuclear war, as well as the only way to ensure that non-state groups do not acquire nuclear weapons. Protection should also be implemented and increased on nuclear weapons so that these groups cannot gain control of them. If these steps are taken, DR Congo is confident that peace will be maintained.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Cuba
Delegate Name: Sean Flikkema
School: Forest Hills Northern High School

The country of Cuba suggests that the NPT reflect current world obstacles by requiring all countries to check in with their nuclear weapons, or WMDs, at a set time (I.e: every six months) with the United Nations as to the whereabouts of their WMDs and their purposes of holding them in their location as well as what their current goal of owning WMDs. This would allow United Nations to keep tabs on all nuclear and otherwise WMDs. Although it would be possible to relocate the WMDs between the set time periods, this would reduce the chances of a country using them, as all other countries part of the United Nations would/could know of all other countries' WMDs. Although a possible problem with this suggestion would be that it could be argued that it infringes on the rights of a sovereign country.

Countries could be encouraged to disarming or all WMDs if all countries were to do so. If all countries disarmed their WMDs, there would be no reason for other countries to create them or keep them. This would require all countries to act, which some may not be willing to do, as they feel the WMDs give them protection, "just in case". If all countries did this, however, there would be no possible world nuclear attacks, and no reason to fear such.

Cuba also feels that if one country were to demonstrate this by disarming at least some of their WMDs, other countries would feel more obliged and follow through as well.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Democratic Republic of the Congo
Delegate Name: Annie Lilac
School: Mattawan High School

The Democratic Republic of the Congo recognizes the threat that nuclear weapons can pose and the importance of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) in promoting the peaceful use of nuclear energy as well as the furthering of nuclear disarmament. The DRC has been party to the NPT since 1970 and is internationally recognized as a Non-Nuclear Weapon State. The DRC is also a member of the sixty-five nation Conference on Disarmament (CD), has signed and ratified the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), and was one of 125 countries to sign the Joint Statement on the Humanitarian Consequences of Nuclear Weapons in 2013. The DRC is hoping that in reviewing the NPT, more countries will participate in actively implementing its goals, creating a safer, more enjoyable international environment.

The DRC fully supports new efforts being made towards nuclear disarmament, including the reduction of nuclear stockpiles and the safe disposal of fissile materials. Having had problems with violent groups of non-state actors in the past, the DRC is especially concerned by the threat that “loose nukes” pose, should they fall into the wrong hands. The DRC would additionally support restricting the spread of enrichment technology, while still allowing countries to retain the right to nuclear energy. It is also extremely important to the DRC that the trade in uranium, as well as other materials used in nuclear technology, not be restricted, as these natural resources are a major source of income in its economy. Focus should also be placed on areas of current instability, such as the Middle East.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Denmark
Delegate Name: Eric Steeby
School: Grand Rapids City High School

Denmark ambassador for disarmament and international security

Denmark remains fully supportive of the NPT and the quest for a nuclear weapon free world while allowing for the peaceful use of fiscal materials for power. While we may debate and try to solve global issues. At its core, we are making compromises which is no different from the average person who makes compromises in their daily life. While our compromises have greater global impact, they are rooted in the same thing trust which by definition is to rely upon or place confidence in someone or something.

Without trust among countries, we can never have a nuclear free world. The physical process of nuclear disarmament is challenging enough however if we cannot trust each other no matter how many treaties we enact, nuclear disarmament will not happen. While Denmark would like to see complete nuclear disarmament as soon as possible, we realize this is not achievable without trust among nations. So we see the need to reestablish the trust that has been lost among nations in the wake of recent events. As without trust no one will give up a defense measure.

Perhaps this is a place where the United Nations needs to take more direct action. By assuming responsibility for the dismantling of nuclear weapons to ensure a quick and legitimate dismantling of nuclear weapons.

Everything comes back to trust if the United Nations is to serve its intended purpose we must reestablish trust among member nations.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Egypt
Delegate Name: Nathan DeBoer
School: Mattawan High School

Egypt has a history of conflict and different regimes in control. Currently, after the latest coup, the Muslim Brother Hood was taken out of power and the military took control. Along with unrest within its own country, Egypt also is affected by the unrest of in the Middle East. With rising tensions, fighting could very easily break out at any time. Therefore, the threat of nuclear capability from countries like Iran and Israel, are of great concern to Egypt. They have been a supporter of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and originally signed it in 1968. However, Egypt has not signed any of the following treaties to prevent nuclear weapons because they feel that the proposals are not universal enough, meaning they exclude Israel. Egypt has proposed the creation of a Middle East Weapons of Mass Destruction Free-Zone, which would include Israel, but no agreement has been reached on this issue. Without these treaties in place Egypt has felt the need to work on its on nuclear program as a way of self-defense and other nuclear deterrents. Currently they have the third largest nuclear program in the Middle East, but are willing to give up all nuclear weapon applications if the treaties can be agreed upon. A simple solution to have Egypt sign the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty is to have all countries be a part of it. This way all countries in the Middle East are affected. Also an agreement on the Middle East Weapons of Mass Destruction Free-Zone would be a highly favorable solution to the problem of nuclear weapons along with other highly destructive weapons, such as chemical weapons. Until an agreement is reached Egypt will continue to strength its nuclear program in self defensive purposes.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Ethiopia
Delegate Name: Kyler Cousins
School: Roeper School

Ethiopia is a developing country with no interest in nuclear weaponry for any military purpose. However, we would request that we be given assistance in increasing the use of safe nuclear energy throughout our nation. Additionally, we request that our nation receives more nuclear medicine programs throughout our hospitals to help increase our capabilities of treating cancer and providing nuclear imaging. Our nuclear energy program is on a path to becoming a safe and efficient alternate power source and we believe such sources of energy should be encouraged in our own and other countries by the UN. We stress, as a signer of the nuclear non-proliferation treaty, we will have no role in the development of a nuclear weapons program in our country.

Ethiopia believes our nuclear energy goals can be obtained through the utilization and inclusion of experts from more developed countries. These experts will begin establishing the framework for safe nuclear energy and medical industries. Additionally, Ethiopia believes there should be stricter limitations on the trade of these possible weapons-grade nuclear isotopes through a possible nuclear task force of combined nations. Through these restrictions, nations would be more likely to thrive with alternate, cleaner power.

To conclude, Ethiopia wishes to have experts from more developed countries help with lesser developed countries nuclear programs to help push forward the technology of all nations and prevent disasters from occurring. Also nuclear programs for the benefit of medicine should also be encouraged.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: France
Delegate Name: River Wahl
School: Forest Hills Central High School

The issue of nuclear warfare is not a light one. With more and more countries acquiring nuclear weapons today, they are not just concentrated in the superpowers of yesteryear’s cold war, they are in the arsenals of most major countries today. These devices are extremely dangerous and destructive, and while hard to obtain by terrorist organizations or unstable governments, can just “disappear” like hundreds of suitcase sized nuclear weapons did in Russia a few years ago. Weapons like these must be accounted for, and the nature of these weapons sparks much negotiation on the control of nuclear weapons and who gets to use them.

Every five years there is a general assembly regarding the Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty, a treaty which recognizes five countries, The U.S, France, Great Britain, Russia, and China as the Nuclear powers. These are the five countries that have permanent seats at the UN.

France has had many reductions to it's nuclear stockpile in the past and has significantly reduced it's own nuclear weapons. Further nuclear disarmament is now a hotly debated topic in france, with the majority against nuclear disarmament. In fact, a census showed that 60% of the french people did not think reducing the number of french nuclear weapons would result in a safer and stronger France. The French are not so keen on reducing their nuclear arsenal, then. In addition, a large portion of France’s energy comes from nuclear power, which further decreases the popularity of nuclear disarmament due to the fact that it could potentially harm France’s energy grid. France does not want to reduce it’s own nuclear arsenal significantly, but are not completely against nuclear disarmament, due to pressure from the other nuclear powers. France has reduced it’s nuclear stockpile in the past, most recently by one third in 2008 when president Nicolas Sarkozy announced a cut of the nation’s air and naval strategic weapons. France now claims that it’s nuclear arsenal is at “strict sufficiency” meaning that it’s at the lowest level for strategic security. Despite pressure from the U.S, France will likely refrain from reducing its nuclear stockpile in the future.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Germany
Delegate Name: Allie Pail
School: Williamston High School

Since the well-known Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States, the allowance of countries to possess and possibly use nuclear power has been put to question. The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) has been signed and ratified by over 150 countries, and stands strong in its promise to overall prevent the spread and violent use of nuclear power. Now that a review of the treaty is taking place, many nations want to take the opportunity to change the treaty into a faster plan of action. Germany strongly believes in the idea of a world free of nuclear weapons, as suggested by President Obama of the United States. The NPT has three main principles: the responsibility of non-proliferation, the idea of total disarmament, and the right of all countries to use nuclear energy peacefully. With the present ability to change the NPT, Germany believes that the treaty has many acceptable key points, and pushes for the complete disarmament of member states. Before the Middle East can be disarmed of nuclear weapons, the member states of the NPT have to set a world-wide example.

The topic of nuclear non-proliferation is of great importance to Germany because of economic and political ties world-wide, and because of the safety guaranteed to innocent people. Possible nuclear warfare could start many skirmishes between countries, and even a third world war. The mass physical destruction and harm wreaked by nuclear warfare invades the right of every human being to lead a safe life. Exposure to nuclear radiation could cause health issues for many years after the original contact, as seen in the people of Hiroshima. Also, nuclear weapons in the hands of terrorists or non-state organizations can cause a great number of international problems. These weapons need to be destroyed before they have the chance to be seized by undesirable groups. Ridding the member states of their nuclear weapons could pave the way for possible nuclear weapon eradication in the Middle East. Finally, steps need to be taken to encourage non-member states to become members of the NPT. This plan to rid the world of nuclear weapons has to be built on a solid foundation of agreement between nations world-wide; otherwise it cannot be obtained for future generations.

In order to set these goals of the NPT into action, Germany sees the need to transcribe an agreement between all member states of the NPT to dispose of their nuclear weapons in environmentally safe ways, such as Yucca Mountain in the United States. A timeline would have to be put into this agreement, and disposal of these weapons should take no more than ten to fifteen years. After member states dispose of their own nuclear weapons, non-member states should be encouraged to join the NPT with incentives, such as economic alliances between member states, and allowance of the peaceful use of nuclear energy. Once these non-member states become a part of the NPT, they will be able to receive these incentives. As to the Middle East, use of the UN Peacekeepers is needed to stabilize “trouble” countries to a point where their government is in a position to compromise. Many of the problems in the Middle East grow from rebel organizations, and in order for nuclear weapons to be disposed of, a degree of peace in these areas is needed. In order to successfully accomplish these goals, Germany expects to find allies in the United States, Russia, France, United Kingdom, and China.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Ghana
Delegate Name: McKenna Swanson
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

Ghana signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in 1970 and supported its extension in 1995, both of which were established to effectively aid in the prevention of the spread of nuclear weapons and nuclear technology. While many states have committed to supporting and signing the treaty, not all have taken the necessary action in fulfilling the goal of eliminating the spread of nuclear technology and weapons. Recent efforts have focused on establishing a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the Middle East, but continuous conflict between supporters and opposers of the nuclear free zone present challenges.

Ghana is a strong supporter of the Pelindaba Treaty, which created an African Nuclear Weapon free zone, and strongly encourages the United States and Russia to ratify the treaty also. But while Ghana supports the end of nuclear weapons we do not oppose nuclear technology. In 1960 Ghana became a member state of the International Atomic Energy Agency. Since then we have acquired over $8 million (if measured in US dollars) from the International Atomic Energy Agency to fund Ghana’s nuclear development programs “of this about 36% has gone to nuclear techniques in agriculture, 16% in medicine, 14% in industry and hydrology and 9% in nuclear engineering and technology”(Ghana can produce). But while Ghana is an active supporter of nuclear technology we are in strong support of “any treaty aimed at banning weapons of mass destruction”(Support). A meeting held by the Foundation for Security and Development in Africa and the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, was organized to help bring awareness of the destruction that nuclear weapons can bring (Support). Mr. Baffour, the chairman of the Parliamentary Select Committee on Defence, Pledged the government's commitment to the fight to end nuclear weapons (support). We express deep concern at the catastrophic consequences that arise with the use of any form of nuclear weapons.

Ghana supports the elimination of nuclear weapons and encourages all nations to sign “it is necessary for all states, whether powerful or weak, rich or poor, to sign and ratify the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), the Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty (NPT), as well as all other related treaties concluded to facilitate and accelerate the process of nuclear disarmament. It is only through the universal adherence to the international nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation regimes that the spread of nuclear weapons can be curbed and the preservation of mankind can be guaranteed” (Gaala). We understand that not all countries share the same viewpoints but it is imperative that all nations must work together to help eliminate the threat of nuclear weapons and help stop the destruction and terror that they cause.

Gaala, S. Z. "Community Participation in Health Delivery and Management in Ghana: Lessons from Selected Districts in Northern Ghana." Ghana Journal of Development Studies 5.1 (2008): n. pag. Web.

"Ghana." Acronym. Acronym Institute for Disarmament Diplomacy, n.d. Web.

"Ghana Can Produce Nuclear Weapons ?" Ghana HomePage, Resource for News, Sports, Facts, Opinions, Business and Entertainment. Ghanaweb, 12 Sept. 2003. Web. 16 Nov. 2014.

"Support Ban on Nuclear Weapons – Fritz Baffour." Ghana HomePage, Resource for News, Sports, Facts, Opinions, Business and Entertainment. Ghanaweb, 18 Aug. 2014. Web. 16 Nov. 2014.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Guatemala
Delegate Name: Nicole Sayles
School: Mattawan High School

Guatemala has long been a standing supporter of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. They signed it in 1970 and have been a state member ever since. They feel that there should be no nuclear weapons in any country, and are pushing for disarmament of all countries. Guatemala has never had a nuclear weapon used on them or used one in their own defense, as they believed it is inhumane and very wrong.

Guatemala shows its dedication to nuclear disarmament by being a member o the Treaty of Tlatelolco, the first inhabited nuclear weapons free zone. They, along with their neighboring countries, are an inspiration to other countries and areas striving to get rid of all nuclear weapons. They also re-ratified, in 2012, the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty that outlaws nuclear weapons testing. A site in Guatemala is equipped to test for siesmic activity that can detect if any nuclear expolsions for testing are done in Central America.

Some recommendations that Guatemala has for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review is the use of more force to speed up the process. The ultimate goal of this is to completely destroy all nuclear weapon stockpiles, so no country may be tempted to use them, and that is not getting done fast enough. It is proposed that creating more than just a treaty is nescesary. It may be more beneficial and effective if some kind of military force, from many different and peaceful countries to motivate states to get rid of their nuclear stockpiles, would be in the benefit of the UN. The more powerful countries do not seem to be taking enough action, quickly enough to ensure the safety and wellbeing that destruction of nuclear weapons provides to countries with less resources.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Haiti
Delegate Name: Norah Fanning
School: Forest Hills Northern High School

Haiti has always held firmly to the belief that a peaceful world cannot exist where there are nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction (WMD). It demonstrated its desire to create this peaceful world by adding it’s signature to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in July of 1968 and by signing the Treaty of Tlatelolco in efforts to create a nuclear-free zone in Latin America and the Caribbean. It recognizes that the main job and objective of the United Nations is to create and maintain an environment of international peace and security and strongly believes that the NPT is an essential piece of the solution.

While in reality, the complete and safe removal of all WMDs may be a challenging and long process, and that progress to date has been less than pleasing, it is important to collaborate and think long term in order to be successful in the future. Haiti will strongly support all efforts to safely remove nuclear weapons from unstable countries but another reality is that Haiti does not currently have the resources to implement such programs on its own. For the safety of the world, Haiti will rely strongly on the help of larger and more prosperous countries to achieve this goal. It looks to Nuclear Weapon States such as the United States to pursue the goal of full disarmament as a matter of urgency.

It encourages education of the public in unstable nuclear states such as Israel, where discussion of nuclear weapons and their possible catastrophic effect is discussed only by a small number of people, who frequently know only one part of the picture. Without public discussion or criticism, these decision makers do not have to refer to different positions of the public or receive information that could be vital to the decision-making process. Without a strong incentive or public unrest about the issue, it doesn’t become the important and pressing topic that it should be. Once there is an informed and united public, it will be more difficult for these countries to be passive on the issue of nuclear disarmament. It is also essential that countries become more transparent with all nuclear weapons so that they can be effectively kept track of and contained. These is the only way to ensure the safety and prosperity of the world for the future.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Honduras
Delegate Name: Oliver Bragdon
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

As a proud delegate of the country of Honduras I can safely say that throughout the years when the ideas of nuclear preparation and proliferation swept the world Honduras did not attest to the rising ideas of nuclear weapons. Playing the similar parts to Switzerland they became a neutral party on the subject. Being a small county in the midst of larger nations such as The United States we would side with a larger power.

Honduras has little to no affiliation with nuclear proliferation. World wide laws have been set in place regarding the use and manufacturing of nuclear weapons. There are numerous reasons why Honduras has yet to adopt any nuclear manufacturing or protection. Being such a small country we do not yet find it necessary for such large scale protection for the such small scale threats we would occasionally receive. Honduras has decided not to be a part of nuclear manufacturing henceforth these rules and regulations do not yet apply to our nation because of their desition to opt out.

Since Honduras is not apart nuclear proliferation there are no measures to be taken to fix any problems that may occur on the subject. However if we as a country ever feel it necessary to begin manufacturing nuclear arms for protection we will not hesitate. Seeing that it has worked for many nations such as the U.S. and Great Brittian we see the ups and downs on the subject but still will maintain a neutral point of view on the subject.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: India
Delegate Name: Riley Robertson-DeGraaff
School: Vicksburg High School

India knows that disarming nuclear weapons is key to international security and that this is the goal of The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). Even though India knows this it has not signed the “NPT” because India views the NTP as a “flawed treaty” that “creates a club of ‘nuclear haves’ and ‘nuclear have nots.’ India had not yet created a nuclear program in 1968, when the NTP was first created, as opposed to many other countries then viewed as “Nuclear Powers”; such as the United States, The United Kingdom, France, Russia and China. India’s stance on weapons of mass destruction became clear when India signed and ratified the Chemical Weapons Convention in 1992, stating that it didn't have any chemical weapons or was capable of building any, and when India signed and ratified the Biological Weapons Convention and pledged to abide by its obligations.

On the topic of creating a nuclear-free-zone in the middle east, India is cautious. If the zone was created it would greatly diminish the likelihood of certain terrorist groups in the Middle East gaining access to nuclear weapons or other weapons of mass destruction, however India doesn’t want to damage relations with countries in the middle east. There are more than 6 million Indian citizens working in the Middle East and there are deep trade ties between India and countries in the middle east, voting against these countries on a matter that concerns something important to these countries may damage these ties.

India recognizes that fissile materials, or material capable of sustaining a nuclear fission reaction, need to be disposed of properly and does not want the improperly disposed of material to fall into the hands of terrorist groups. India is participating in the Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty which addresses the issues of disposing properly and safely fissile materials. However, India would like to retain the access to fuel cycle technology.

India would like to eliminate distrust between nations and work towards building trust between countries with nuclear capabilities. By doing so we can build a more tranquil international association and a safer environment for all nations.

Work Cited: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Non-Proliferation_of_Nuclear_Weapons

fissilematerials.org/counrties/india.html

en.wikiperdia.org/wiki/India_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Indonesia
Delegate Name: Matthew Wolfgram
School: Flint Southwestern Classical Academy

Nuclear weapons pose a looming threat to humanity, and life on earth as we know it. We fear that if the world's stockpile of nuclear weapons is not disarmed, a nuclear war could erupt in the near future, harming a large majority of the life on earth. In the past, nuclear treaties have been proposed, but since the Cold War, many smaller countries have come into possession of nuclear weapons. To prevent the misuse of and advocate for the disarmament of these weapons, the Nuclear non- proliferation treaty was formed, and was soon presented to our country.

During the Cold War, in 1963, we ratified a partial ban on nuclear weapons. However, as the Cold War dragged on, another treaty-the nuclear non-proliferation treaty (NPF) – was signed by our country, and various other nations such as the United States and the United Kingdom. Our country voiced concern as to how we would be assisted in the event of nuclear war by superpowers such as the U.S. and UK. The NPF states that smaller, non-nuclear countries like us are able to receive help from larger nations in event of a nuclear war. Our country also maintains the right to use nuclear power for peaceful purposes, such as energy, and asserts that the NPF should not suppress our access to nuclear energy.

As previously stated, our country of Indonesia wishes to disarm the nuclear weapons possessed by countries around the world, for the purposes of world peace and prosperity. We would like to see more thorough bans on nuclear weapons, so to guarantee international well-being. Failure to do so could potentially result in a conflict in which the majority of the human population is put at risk. However, Indonesia wishes to maintain the right to peaceful use of nuclear power, as a new technology for alternate energy.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Iran
Delegate Name: Kimberly Yang
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

The recent months Iran has taken quite a beating for our supposed development of nuclear weapons. This accusation is totally unfounded, as we Iranians only want peaceful nuclear power facility and medical nuclear equipment. In fact we have been working towards a nuclear free world, that’s something that the Unites States can’t say because they have the most nuclear weapons out of any country and they are the only country to have nuke another country. Now many people ask why develop nuclear power if we have so much oil? Simply because gas and oil is destroying our environment and as inhabitants of this world we want to keep health and not destroy it with the unsustainable use of oil. Instead we want to use environmental friendly technology like nuclear power. Despite what other countries say Iran is actually working to help the world by getting rid of nuclear weapons and not destroy it with nuclear weapons.

Iran is committed to a nuclear weapon free world. We have renounced possession of nuclear weapons. We signed non-proliferation treaty the 1969 and 1970. Also we signed the Comprehensive Test-Ban Treaty in 1996. We have signed these treaties and will continue to sign ant-nuclear weapon treaties. Not only have we signed all these treaties but we have also allowed inspectors into our country to inspector our nuclear facilities. We have also worked for a nuclear weapon free Middle East.

Regionally we have been working for the control of nuclear weapons. We have support anti nuclear weapon treaties through out the Middle East. We have pressured other Islamic states not to work towards such weapons and our efforts have been pretty successful as only the Zionist have nuclear weapons. But even one country with nuclear weapons is working towards destabilizing our region and the destabilization of the Middle East will most likely result in a destabilization of the world. We believe that if a world ban on nuclear weapons cannot be achieved then we will slowly get rid of nuclear weapons region by region. But our ultimate goal is total eradication of nuclear weapons.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Iraq
Delegate Name: Connor Buhl
School: Fishers High School

The Republic of Iraq has a long and tragic past with the use of WMDs and would encourage all nations to follow the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty. Our nation has experienced first-hand the consequences of non-transparent weapons of mass destruction. As a result of the Saddam regime, large amounts of still undocumented nuclear and chemical facilities have fallen into disrepair and some even into the hands of terrorists. Under the leadership of Saddam Hussein, Iraq was led temporarily astray from the United Nations and hid large arsenals of nuclear and chemical weapons. This resulted in an invasion by NATO forces and brought a corrupt leader to justice and Iraq back on the path to success.

Now that Iraq is a participating state of the NPT, we encourage other nations not to follow our nation's previous mistake. We have done much work to right the wrong of the past by revealing the locations of remaining WMD facilities and working on complete disarmament. Currently, former facilities are at risk of being taken over by terrorists. While we can assure all IN member states that these are minor facilities that pose no threat, these terrorists must still be taken seriously. Iraq believes the most threatening issue with WMDs is terrorists gaining control of facilities. We recommend that all nations work together to cooperate to stop terrorists from ever gaining control over facilities by increasing security. We also recommend nations to disarm as many nuclear weapons as possible as well as encouraging transparency for all remaining nuclear work.

Iraq realizes that complete nuclear disarmament and stopping terrorists from ever acquiring nuclear weapons are grandiose goals; however with recommendations on the 2015 Non-Proliferation Treaty, we can strive towards these goals. We would like to see encouragement towards disarmament of nuclear weapons in addition to repurposing research towards nuclear power instead. However, we understand that disarming weapons of mass destruction is not an easy task that will happen quickly. In the meantime we must secure our facilities with increased security so there is no chance of terrorists from gaining control of them for destructive purposes. To insure that there is no misunderstanding or speculation in the international community, Iraq would like to see nations becoming more transparent with any and all nuclear programs. Speculation of nuclear weapons can tear a nation apart with paranoia from the international community. If the other member states of the United Nations do not know about the destructive capabilities of a country, it can lead to breaches in national sovereignty and possibly an invasion. To prevent this from happening, Iraq would recommend all member states comply with neutral inspections by UN nuclear inspectors. By doing this we can eliminate paranoia about other nations and begin building trust between nations with nuclear capabilities. By working towards these goals we can see a more peaceful international community and a safer world for all citizens.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Israel
Delegate Name: Zach Brodkey
School: Forest Hills Central High School

Since the ratification of the nuclear non-proliferation treaty in 1970, many nations have decided to not build up, or furthermore, to disarm themselves of nuclear weapons as signatories to the treaty. However, many nations such as ourselves feel as though there are many countries in the world who should not necessarily be lessening their nuclear arsenal, and that there is a need for some nations to maintain a nuclear weaponry stockpile as a dissident to the nations who oppose the rights of the world to be policing powers who maintain overall safety through being trustworthy. Today, there are many nations who are non-signatories because they do not want to cooperate with the civilized world, and are enemies to it, and who are not trustworthy enough to be allowed to start nuclear programs. Therefore, if this is an inevitable truth in today’s world, there should be a number of nations who maintain a strong arsenal to combat this threat that currently exists and is proliferating in countries like Iran and North Korea. If all of the free world countries, or even most of the countries in the entire world, are to be signatories to this treaty, there must be room left over for nuclear powers to balance the bad intentions that exist in nations that will never sign the treaty.

In an idealistic world, nuclear weapons would not be a problem at all: no country would have them in the first place, everyone would be trustworthy and transparent, and there would be no need for any nuclear powers to keep the other countries in check. An ideal nation would only possess nuclear energy capabilities, not weaponry. However, this is not the world we live in. There must be nuclear powers to control the threat’s spread, and to be the lone owners of that responsibility. Since our region is extremely hostile and unstable, we see the need for this balance every day.

Considering all of this, we suggest that amendments be made to the nuclear non-proliferation treaty that allow for nuclear powers to remain in the world, and that each country that wishes to become a nuclear power must be extensively proven to be trustworthy, and strategically important to maintain those weapons. With this, Israel would feel comfortable becoming a signatory. On the other hand, we believe that the treaty must call for more strict investigations on other countries who express outward distaste for the free world, and countries who are non-signatories due to their wishes of keeping up secretive nuclear programs.

We fully expect the vast majority of the world to cooperate with this plan, or any other plan that is put forth along the boundaries of keeping nuclear weapons out of countries that are universally agreed to be untrustworthy. We believe; however, that many countries will reject the idea for reasons including the idea that no governing body or nation should be allowed to decide who should be and who should not be allowed to build nuclear programs, or they believe that no nations should have nuclear weapons at all. We believe countries such as Iran, Syria, North Korea, and others will reject our ideas.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Italy
Delegate Name: Rose Rumery
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

The 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty demands the attention of the United Nations for recommendations and ratifications. Currently, a specific concern that will be affecting the NPT treaty is the conflict in the Middle East. A contending issue is establishing a nuclear-weapons-free zone in the Middle East, however, the humanitarian impact of nuclear weapons mustn't be overlooked while formulating a resolution. An increased focus on the disarmament is widely supported, however, controversy and dissatisfaction still remains over the rate of implementation and the actions needed to be taken regarding disarmament. Furthermore, safe measures must be taken with the disposal of nuclear weapons to prevent future international warfare threats.

The Italian Republic firmly supports the strengthening of nuclear non-proliferation especially considering the current dangers at hand with conflicts in the Middle East. This will mean establishing nuclear-weapons-free zones in the Middle East as a precaution. Italy agrees that taking pro-active steps in dire situations, like the ones currently existing, will help keep an international sense of security. This being said, delegates of Italy are prepared and intend to support any beneficial negotiations on a national basis. Italy, as well as other non-nuclear-weapon regions should be leading this initiative. However, despite the violence and danger that come with the access of nuclear weapons, there is also, to an extent, a great deal of importance that is commonly overlooked. Italy is declared a non-nuclear weapons state, while also serving as a stockpiling state for countries such as the United State’s nuclear power storage. This does not mean to say that we take advantage of the access to these resources and support proliferation of nuclear arms. Nuclear energy is a major resource of Italy and the vast majority of nations. To disregard its relevance in today’s society would be large set back. Therefore, Italy also suggests for a continual support and strengthening of nuclear energy research and development.

With delicate consideration for the political and humanitarian influences proliferation of nuclear weapons on all nations, it is evident to the Italian Republic that actions of security are needed and the support of nuclear non-proliferation is a commendable sanction. Especially with today’s conflict in neighboring regions elevating the severity of nuclear availability, this topic demands immediate action. Nuclear-weapon-free zones should be implemented as a world wide safety measure. However, although we support the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, it is imperative for a few responsible nations, including Italy, to have nuclear-weapon storage for strictly emergency purposes. That being said, the Italian Republic would also like to cordially suggest a consideration of tolerance for the presence of nuclear power. The continuation of nuclear energy research and development is far from harmful and in fact beneficial. Italy endorses this idea because by strengthening nuclear power for safe and moderate use, the world can assert less concern on the depletion of fossil fuels and reduce their dependency on other energy sources. Therefore, the Italian Republic recommends nuclear non-proliferation as an international insurance of safety, with an equable tolerance for the progression and usage of nuclear energy.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Jordan
Delegate Name: Stephanie Tkaczyk
School: Williamston High School

The main issue pertaining to the review of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) is the fact that their main goal: the destruction of nuclear stockpiles, has not yet been totally recognized internationally. Many states have signed on to the treaty as well as given their full support to its objectives, but there are still some that have not taken all the necessary steps to fulfill the requirements of the treaty. In addition to working on the getting all nations on board to the treaty’s mission, the continuance of conflict in the Middle East still raises many challenges to the document, as well as the issue of safe disposal of fissile materials. The excess weapons-grade plutonium that some countries have in their possession needs to be eradicated and more work needs to be put in place to ensure that this process is taken care of properly.

Jordan would like to assist in the improvement efforts of the NPT and its goals. Jordan is just a small country with few natural resources to offer the globe. A nuclear war or any nuclear conflicts would be the last thing Jordan needs to add to its list of worries. As Jordan is located between countries like Iraq, Jordan is under constant fear of terrorist and rebellion acts breaking out around its borders. The chance that this terrorism might upgrade to nuclear offense is too great a risk to be taken lightly. Jordan has declared peace with Israel and is allies with major international powers such as the United States but there is still much to be afraid for being such a small country in the Middle East.

Jordan feels that while reviewing the NPT this year the main focus should be on the safe disposal of nuclear materials and the prevention of “loose nukes,” or the nuclear weapons and fissile material falling into the wrong hands of terrorist groups. To ensure the safe destruction of these materials planning and thought should go into revising the Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction program and making its disposal efforts more modern, since its creation took place in the early 1990’s. Jordan will aid in support of the research efforts for finding new, inexpensive, safe, and more efficient methods of disposal. Jordan expects to be allied by the United States in the support and monetary/resources donations of the improvements regarding the Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat reduction program.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Kazakhstan
Delegate Name: Jack Klein
School: Kalamazoo Central High School

The Republic of Kazakhstan is firm on its support of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. Kazakhstan will continue to support any actions or treaties that can prevent the use of WMD’s and establish nuclear free zones.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union in December 1991, the Republic of Kazakhstan inherited over 1,400 nuclear warheads, as well as the Semipalatinsk test site. By 1995, Kazakhstan sent its nuclear warheads back to Russia, as well as destroying the Semipalatinsk site by 2000. Kazakhstan is a party to the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START I), an agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union to reduce the number of nuclear weapons in each country’s arsenal. The Republic of Kazakhstan is also a party to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), an agreement to prohibit all nuclear testing if it enters into force. Kazakhstan also signed a treaty establishing a Central Asian Nuclear Weapon Free Zone (CANWFZ), along with four other Central Asian states- Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, a treaty that entered into force on March 21, 2009. In February of 2007, Kazakhstan’s President Nursultan Nasarbayev signed into law an Additional Protocol to its safeguards agreement with the IAEA, an agreement to promote the peaceful uses of nuclear energy.

For years now, the Republic of Kazakhstan has taken actions to promote peaceful and safe uses of nuclear energy, while also taking the necessary steps to control nuclear weapon testing, cut down on nuclear arsenals, and prevent the uses of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD’s).

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Kuwait
Delegate Name: Sydney Walters
School: Mattawan High School

The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty was signed into action in 1970. The regulations for the treaty are that there is a session for review every five years to allow countries to be productive in the halting of the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology. With this treaty, nuclear energy is promoted in a good way, and encourages countries to be peaceful with it. At the start of combatting nuclear weapons, resolutions were focused in the Middle East, and actions so far to stop the spread of them has been unsatisfactory. Even though some states have signed the treaty, many fail to actually acknowledge the problem, and haven't taken any actions towards stopping it. The other problem is how to get rid of nuclear weapons that can’t break apart. Some countries hold deadly weapons that are unable to be disposed of safely, causing extra measures to be taken for the safety of the people. The threat of international terrorist groups getting ahold of these weapons and harming the public looms over many countries, creating chaos.

In 2009, Kuwait setup a national nuclear energy commission to debate and consider the development of a nuclear technology program. In 2010, Kuwait signed a nuclear cooperation agreement with France in regards to nuclear energy applications (electricity generation, water desalination, research, agronomy, biology, earth science, and medicine). Also in that same year, Kuwait announced its intentions of building four nuclear power reactors, but the plan was shut down in 2011. Kuwait also signed a Memorandum of Cooperation with the US Government on nuclear safeguards and other nonproliferation topics, and shortly after it had nuclear cooperation agreements with the United States, Russia, and Japan. In 2006, Kuwait and the other members of the Gulf Cooperation Council announced that they were doing a study on the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. France and Iran both pledged to help them with this project. Kuwait is enthusiastic about stopping the harmful spread of nuclear arms and called for a international community to work actively to make the Middle East free of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction. The speaker on behalf of Kuwait, Anas Issa Al-Shaheen, commented that it’s very hard to find a spot in the world where there is no chemical or biological disaster threatening it, but if they came together and agreed on ways to evacuate all of those threats from society, the human survival in the future would succeed and flourish. Kuwait believes that with the commitment of all countries, the world can become a better place for our ancestors if we work together to get rid of nuclear weapons.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Liberia
Delegate Name: Jovany Flores
School: Flint Southwestern Classical Academy

In being the most recognized international agreement on the use of nuclear energy, The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons is an agreement that went into play in 1970 to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and technology. The main goal of the treaty was to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and potentially complete disarmament in all nations. To evaluate the progress in which the Treaty is moving towards, a conference is scheduled every five years. The next conference to review the treaty is set to be review on the year of 2015. In the Treaty, the only nations recognized in possessing nuclear weapons are the five permanent members of the Security Council.

Liberia, in being one of the many nations to ratify the NPT, also is a signer of the Treaty of Pelindaba. The Treaty is an African agreement to prohibit research, manufacture, development, possession, and etc. of nuclear weaponry on the land of the African continent. In becoming a signer of both treaties, Liberia feels highly upon the complete disarmament nuclear weapons on not only a national, but also an international scale.

For the 2015 Nuclear Weapons Non-Proliferation Treaty Review, Liberia feels that in order to control the spread or have complete disarmament of nuclear weapons, the production and export of Uranium or Plutonium should be restricted to non-weapon related use. In order to have actual results on the situation, the origin of the problem must be controlled and then everything else will follow.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Libya
Delegate Name: Chance Elliot
School: Grand Blanc High School

The disarmament and destruction of nuclear stockpiles is a large task and will require a large amount of time until it is completed. However treaties such as the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty aim to diminish the spread of nuclear weapons and ultimately reach a state where nuclear arsenals non-existent. With in the treaty, it is laid out that that it be reviewed every 5 years to ensure that it is still effective in reaching its goal. In recent years, a large effort has been made to make the Middle East a “weapons of mass destruction” free zone because of the many conflicts and shifts of power that occur in this region. However these very conflicts cause difficulty in achieving the goals of the treaty.

Libya understands that the removal of nuclear weapons is key to promoting trust amongst other nations and recognizes its history of attempting to acquire a nuclear device from other nations. However, we now have a history of participating in the removal of our nuclear weapon research programs and facilities. Libya has ratified the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in 1975 and in 1980, we reached an agreement with the International Atomic Energy Agency placing all of our nuclear installations under international inspection.

Libya wishes to stay committed to the nuclear non-proliferation treaty and continue to promote an environment where all nuclear stockpiles have been removed and where all nuclear research is transparent to global inspection. In doing so, we wish to promote trust amongst other nations and create peace between nations.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Lithuania
Delegate Name: Dustin Hunter
School: Kalamazoo Central High School

Lithuania remains committed to the pursuit of nuclear disarmament, in accordance with Article VI of the NPT. We underline the need for concrete progress in nuclear disarmament and arms control processes, especially through an overall reduction in the global stockpile of nuclear weapons, and also in accordance with Article VI of the NPT. Lithuania contributes actively to global efforts to seek a safer world for all and to create the conditions for a world without nuclear weapons in accordance with the goals of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). This Treaty remains the cornerstone of the global nuclear non-proliferation regime, the essential foundation for the pursuit of nuclear disarmament in accordance with its article VI. Lithuania encourages other countries to look back at when there were no nukes. And see that no one was worried about be nuked or attacked by a weapon that could kill a lot of people in one strike. Lithuania believes that in order to get more country’s to ratify the treaty and dismantle their weapons other countries with the treaty need to show that it is a better place without nuclear weapons everywhere. And if country’s want nuclear things make some power plants. Lithuania has only one nuclear facility, which is no longer operational. The Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant consisted of two Chernobyl-type 1,500 megawatt RBMK reactors. Lithuania knows that the world will be a better place with nuclear disarmament. And that with the nuclear disarmament the world may be able to sleep with out the fear of nuclear war.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Luxembourg
Delegate Name: Tanvi Sharma
School: Saginaw Arts and Sciences Academy

As the host of the International Conference on Preventing Nuclear Catastrophe of 2007, Luxembourg believes that the Nuclear Proliferation Treaty needs to be strengthened in response to recent challenges that have presented themselves. One action that Luxembourg encourages is for the nuclear weapons states to work together to eventually reach nuclear disarmament. Additionally, Luxembourg, as a ratifying state of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, believes that the ratification of this treaty by all states would promote international peace and safety.

In the Middle East, Luxembourg knows that a nuclear-free zone is possible, and also that creating such a zone is a necessary step toward peace in the region. One way to help create a nuclear-free zone in the Middle East is to urge all nations to comply with IAEA safeguards, which would assure the international community that nuclear power is only being used as a source of energy, and not as a potential weapon. Additionally, the distribution of fuel cycle technologies must be prevented, and the ratification of the NPT encouraged.

Luxembourg is of the belief that the best way to prevent nuclear weaponry from entering into the wrong hands is to move toward disarmament, which would leave non-state groups with no weapons to obtain. It is still important, however, to increase protection of existing nuclear weapons.

Luxembourg is confident that the universal ratification and adherence of the NPT is essential in ensuring peace. In order to accomplish this, Luxembourg believes the international community could offer incentives to states that have not ratified the NPT. These incentives could include security and energy support for these countries, which would eliminate any potential dependency on nuclear weaponry.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Morocco
Delegate Name: Conor Streng
School: Forest Hills Northern High School

Weapons of mass destruction or nuclear weapons are an international threat. The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) was ratified in 1970, to remain in force for 25 years, and then extended indefinitely in 1995. The treaty requires revision every 5 years to make sure it is effective in preventing the spread of nuclear weapons and their technology. It is also revised to further nuclear disarmament and to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy. While the UN has agreed to increase disarmament little has been done to actually do so. This as well as ongoing conflict in the Middle East have only added challenges. A number of countries have also started their own nuclear programs purely for electricity but a few would like to be able to retain the right of access to fuel cycle technologies, which would enable them to enrich uranium. There is also the problem of the safe disposal of fissile materials. Fissile materials are capable of sustaining a nuclear fission chain reaction (or nuclear reaction). It is a possibility these could fall into the hands of non-state actors. These weapons are often then referred to as “loose nukes,” and their seizure by organized crime syndicates or international terrorist groups would be a serious threat to international security.

The Kingdom of Morocco has signed the Pelindaba Treaty. We are committed to banning all weapons of mass destruction. This is why we were among the first countries to commit to banning nuclear tests in 1996. We do, however, hope to build a nuclear power plant in 2016-2017. This plant would be purely for energy production. The effectiveness of the NPT depends on countries willingness and their respect for the obligations and commitments they’ve undertaken.

We believe there are a number of different strategies to help remove nuclear weapons as an international threat. In regards to the Middle East, we believe a nuclear-free zone would be effective here. It would lower tensions as well as possibly help the countries in conflict to come to an agreement without nuclear weapon threats. We should also pass deadlines for nuclear disarmament. This would help to motivate the countries that have signed the NPT but have not taken action. Finally, for the countries not part of the NPT maybe a compromise could be put forward. For example, each of the countries with recognized nuclear weapons could publicly dismantle one weapon (such as the United States and Russia). In return, a country not part of the NPT with a nuclear weapon could dismantle one of theirs (such as the North Korea).

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: New Zealand
Delegate Name: Sam Nelson
School: Vicksburg High School

The County of New Zealand is firmly pro nuclear disarmament through it may be a long and very tedious process to control nuclear weapons but if all countries agree to follow the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and abide by its standards, the world may finally reach a time when there are no nuclear arsenals.

Even though the country of new Zealand has no nuclear weapons it has been a nuclear free zone scene 1987.The County of New Zealand has been a nuclear free zone since 1987 when the New Zealand nuclear free zone disarmament and arms control act was passed by the Fourth Labor Government. This act not only promoted and encouraged contribution by the country of New Zealand to the necessary processes of disarmament in internal and international arms control. It also implemented a number of treaties in the country of New Zealand, including the South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty and also the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.

The country of New Zealand passed the New Zealand nuclear free zone disarmament and arms control act this made New Zealand’s territory including all ocean territory and airspace, the law also prohibited entry into the internal waters of New Zealand by any ship whose propulsion is entirely reliant or partly dependent on nuclear power, and also banned the dumping of radioactive waste within all areas of the nuclear-free zone, as well as prohibiting any New Zealand citizen or resident to manufacture, acquire, possess, or have any control over any nuclear explosive device or weapon .

Finally New Zealand also looks at the humanitarian effects that nuclear weapons would have on people

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Nigeria
Delegate Name: Rachel Westrick
School: Forest Hills Eastern High School

The introduction of nuclear warfare in 1945 and the escalated development and testing of nuclear weapons in the 1950s to 1980s have left the goal of global peace and security crippled until today. The continued existence of nuclear weapons in any States heightens the danger of nuclear war and the devastation that follows. The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), which entered into force in 1970 and extended indefinitely in 1995, commits nuclear-weapon states (NWS) and non-nuclear-weapon states (NNWS) alike to the pursuit of general and complete disarmament. NPT is founded a three-fold mandate, namely, nuclear nonproliferation, disarmament, and the peaceful use of nuclear energy. As 2015 approaches, it becomes time to plan the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review to ensure that the NPT remains effective in inhibiting the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology. With the rise of new issues and challenges such as the ongoing conflicts in the Middle East, it becomes crucial that the Preparatory Committee finds ways to overcome these challenges and promote safety through the higher goal of nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament.

The Federal Republic of Nigeria is committed to the cause of nuclear disarmament and have been in the vanguard of campaign for a strong NPT. In addition to NPT, Nigeria supports the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) and has been a large and active part in the process to make Africa a nuclear-weapon-free zone. It is impossible to maintain international peace and soundness until measures are taken to create a nuclear-free world. Although Nigeria firmly believes in the importance of nuclear non-proliferation and the goal of ultimate disarmament, we believe just a strongly the importance of preserving the right of countries to utilize nuclear energy for developmental purposes. Nigeria works along side of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and we strongly call for actions to further promote the IAEA’s role in the NPT and elsewhere. Not only will this protect the peaceful nuclear interests of NNWS, but using nuclear resources will assist in addressing modern challenges such as climate change, energy security, and sustainable development, which will support the growth of prosperity in less developed African nations.

In addition to addressing the new issues and challenges to the goal of disarmament, Nigeria also suggests new measures to make the NPT more effective in all areas. First and foremost, Nigeria calls for a strict compliance to the NPT and for a universal, unconditional, and irreversible legally binding instrument under which NWS will guarantee not to threaten or use nuclear weapons against NNWS. Prevention of proliferation is constantly undermined by the indefinite possession of nuclear weapons in too many countries and their use in important security roles. Without strong measures to end this possession, the NPT cannot be meaningful and complete nuclear disarmament can never be achieved. Since complete disarmament has not yet been achieved, measures need to be taken to make the existence of nuclear weapons safer. It is necessary to create a nuclear-free zone in the Middle East and for States to commit to the moratorium on nuclear testing. As a confidence building quota and a small step to overall disarmament, Nigeria supports de-alerting (changes to nuclear weapons and weapons systems to increase the time needed for activation and combat) as a measure to decrease the risks of accidents and increase international safety from nuclear weapons. Because there are no perfect solutions for the disposal of nuclear waste, Nigeria strongly requests that whatever disposal measures taken will not harm the environment or community of where the nuclear waste is being disposed. Nigeria deplores the disposal of nuclear waste from outside States into the continent of Africa, and believes that measures should be taken to protect African interests. Nigeria also maintains the opinion that States have the undeniable right to the peaceful application of nuclear energy for electric and civil purposes. If some of these measures are added in the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review, the international community will grow safer from the dangers of nuclear warfare and and the ultimate goal of non-proliferation will be reached in the near future.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Norway
Delegate Name: Jacob Laymon
School: Kalamazoo Central High School

As the council of Norway we believe that with changes in time come changes in technology in all countries. This means that there will be stronger weapons being made by countries all over the world. We believe that most of the countries in the middle east should be more restricted with their nuclear weapons because they want to control the world. We believe that some countries should be “nuclear free zones”, because we believe that if these weapons of mass destruction fall into the wrong hands they could start a nuclear war. We believe that the idea of “nuclear free zones” is practical for the safety of everyone.

We believe that countries can be encouraged to become more active in their efforts to accelerate the process of nuclear disarmament by looking back at the effects on Hiroshima and bikini beach, both of those places are still un-inhabitable because of the nuclear weapons that were detonated in those regions. To convince other countries to get rid of their nuclear weapons those countries will have to suffer severe civilian casualties for them to fully understand the effects of nuclear weapons.

We believe that to encourage those states who are not members of the NPT to ratify the treaty and dismantle their weapons the world must be at peace. The world will never be at peace so we must create peace treaties to compromise for that peace. We believe that if we make peace around the world the countries will have no problem dis arming the nuclear weapons.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Oman
Delegate Name: Joshua Haugen
School: Mattawan High School

Ever since the inception of nuclear weapons, peace has become a difficult goal to achieve. Maintaining the presence of nuclear weapons puts all nations on edge, as destruction, war, and chaos all lies at the press of one button. The nation of Oman sees this unequivocally, and our position of support for the NPT is unwavering. The NPT is a fantastic treaty, as it respects national sovereignty and other values of the Omani people. All necessary steps towards combating these weapons, including cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and adherence and fulfillment of the NPT and its provisions, have been supported by Oman. Conflicts in the Middle Eastern region may continue be a problem, but with our cooperation with the desires of this committee, the nation of Oman hopes it can lead in solving whatever problems may arise. Oman hopes this can be accomplished with diplomacy, not sanctions. The nation of Oman hopes the committee, in this convening, remains committed towards protecting the right of nations to peacefully exercise nuclear energy. The committee has been this way for numerous years, and Oman hopes it remains this way in the future.

The nation of Oman is a strong participant in curbing nuclear proliferation. Oman is a singing member of the NPT, along with the majority of the Middle East, and has fully ratified the treaty. The nation of Oman wishes to note that most Middle Eastern States, with the exception of Israel, are participants in the NPT. Oman is also a member and partner with the IAEA, cooperating with them wherever the need be. The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident and the Proliferation Security Initiative of 2003 have also been signed by Oman, along with various other treaties among the Arab States and other international communities.

The nation of Oman would continue to support initiatives aimed at making the Middle East a nuclear and WMD free zone. This being said, we wish to further emphasize the right of states to peaceful nuclear energy, and their right to national sovereignty. The nation of Oman strongly holds that creative diplomacy, rather than coercive policies and practices, such as sanctions or other measures, will bring this committee our ultimate goal. Setting up meetings and having open, international discussions with the non-signatories is what the nation of Oman feels would be the most friendly and just solution to this matter. The conflicts with Middle Eastern nations can be solved in a similar method, and the nation of Oman will assist the international community in whatever they require to bring peace.

Creating a nuclear free Middle East is already at the tip of our fingertips, as all Middle Eastern nations have signed and are working towards the NPT’s goal, all with the exception of Israel. Oman hopes Israel will sign the treaty in the near future. The nation of Oman, in particular, hopes that stopping nuclear arms from falling into hands of non-state actors is addressed by this committee, as it exists as a potential global crisis. Essentially, the nation of Oman would not like to see the use of sanctions with this deal, would hope that diplomacy will lead Israel to sign on to the NTP to create a nuclear free Middle East, and would desire that preventing the spread of nuclear arms to non-state actors be at the center of this committee’s goal.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Pakistan
Delegate Name: Karl Hillenbrand
School: Fishers High School

Pakistan firmly believes that there is no way in the current state of the Middle East that any nuclear free zone should be created based on the fact that several states are under pressure from domestic fighting and conflict. Pakistan feels that the treaty is an infringement on national sovereignty.

Pakistan is disgruntled by the United Nations even considering creating a treaty of a nuclear free zone and should be dropped based on the situation unfolding in the Middle East and the crisis there. Although Pakistan is disappointed by the mention of trying to create a treaty of a nuclear free zone in the Middle East Pakistan recognizes the potential of terror groups acquiring WMDs jeopardizing the region and would like to ask the focus be on problems of protecting current stockpiles and assessing any states ability to defend those stockpiles. Pakistan is still firmly against any treaty in the Middle East based on India’s unwillingness to admit their stockpile numbers or nuclear capabilities by not signing the treaty.

Pakistan would be interested in countries that have extremely large stockpiles of WMD to limit those stockpiles while still holding a deterrent for aggression against their state. Countries like France and the United States still have significant capacities far greater than anything several countries could create and places heavy requirements on other nations when it comes to restriction on WMDs. This balance of power is so strongly in a few countries hands that the main point of the NPT is overlooked and sidestepped by only a few countries controlling the main focus of WMDs in the world and not limiting stockpiles that they possess.

Pakistan believes that any outside involvement in our nuclear program whether that be disarmament or inspection is an infringement on our national sovereignty and our right to our own production of energy or weapons. Although Pakistan is interested in considering the treaty, in its current state, there are significant problems with the treaty that would infringe on national sovereignty and national security. Pakistan would recommend that more consideration go into countries that would like to see a reduction of weapons to a certain extent but still maintain nation privacy and security.

Lastly Pakistan feels that as it currently stands the NPT is an unfair treaty that takes advantage of countries that created nuclear weapons after the middle 20th century and feels that this is unequal to separate the countries into states that have weapons and states that do not have weapons.

Works Cited

"South Asia: Pakistan." Central Intelligence Agency. Central Intelligence Agency, n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2014.

V.paul, Jipson. "Proliferation of Small Arms and Light Weapons in Pakistan." Articlesbase.com. Articlesbase.com, 30 Jan. 2009. Web. 13 Nov. 2014.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Russia
Delegate Name: Hunter Barnes
School: Mattawan High School

The renown topic of nuclear non-proliferation is constantly on the mind of nations across the globe. Many states have found it hard to comply by current regulations made by the treaty, even though they have signed it themselves. It is the Russian delegation’s intention to use this committee to stop those who are evading the regulations, and bring a stronger reform to the treaty.

Russia feels that we have a grasp of nuclear non-proliferation at a WMD standpoint. We have drastically decreased the amount of nuclear weapons by thousands over the past few decades. From 21,700 in 1991, to 2000 in 2011. With the current START treaty, we feel that we are doing our very best in stopping the proliferation of nuclear weapons. We would like to encourage others across the globe to make similar efforts in non-proliferation.

It is time to crack down in the Middle East. Tensions are becoming too high with the IS, and with any source of nuclear weapons they could become a terrifying world threat. It is in our best interest that the Middle East is taken seriously when it comes to nuclear non-proliferation, and the current disarray in the region should give all the more reason to act now.

It is currently too common for states to either not have the NPT ratified. Along with those states, there are others who are not active enough in the process in nuclear disarmament. It is important that we work hard towards creating incentives for states to become more active in this treaty, and reel in as many current non-signatories as possible.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Rwanda
Delegate Name: Joseph Murphy
School: Vicksburg High School

The Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons treaty (NPT) was opened for signature in 1968 and entered into force in 1970. Its membership includes 189 States Parties, making it the largest of any arms control treaty in the world. It comprises legally binding nonproliferation commitments and is the basis for international cooperation to stem the spread of nuclear weapons. The Treaty is underpinned by three “pillars”—nuclear nonproliferation, disarmament, and the peaceful use of nuclear energy—and is regarded as the legal and political cornerstone of the nuclear nonproliferation regime.

The central idea of this is that all countries with nuclear weapons will move to disarm them and countries without the weapons will not have them though all countries are allowed to have nuclear energy these ideas Rwanda fully supports as we do not wish weapons like this to fall into the wrong hands as a country that in the past committed a genocide we would be remiss if we did not think what the implications could have been had we had nuclear arms.

The Treaty allows for the Parties to gather every five years to review its operation. At the 1995 Review and Extension Conference, the Parties extended the Treaty indefinitely and formalized the practice of convening a Review Conference (RevCon) every five years, as well as holding Preparatory Committee (PrepCom) meetings in each of the three years preceding a RevCon.

Rwanda would like to see the continued cooperation of countires in this effort and hopes we will have continued progress in the matter.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Saudi Arabia
Delegate Name: Zoe Bair
School: East Grand Rapids High School

Saudi Arabia believes that more action should be taken to stop the production of nuclear weapons and that nuclear power should only be used for helpful purposes. Saudi Arabia has not yet signed the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) because they want to use nuclear energy for peaceful purposes such as agriculture, medicine, industry and research. The National Atomic Energy Research Institute (AERI) in Saudi Arabia was established in 1988 and is used to find helpful ways to harness nuclear energy that will help, not hurt, people. For example, Saudi Arabia is studying ways to use nuclear energy to desalinate drinking water. Even if Saudi Arabia wanted to, they do not have the natural resources, capacity, or advanced technology to develop nuclear weapons. Although Saudi Arabia has allegedly purchased nuclear weapons on previous occasions, it is purely for the sake of deterrence. They have signed an agreement with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) saying that all nuclear materials they have are for peaceful uses.

In addition to reducing the nuclear threat, Saudi Arabia feels that the best way to ensure a safe future is to strengthen international peace. In the Middle East, there are many conflicting ideas about the ownership and possible use of nuclear weapons. For this reason, Saudi Arabia wants to make the Middle East a zone free of all weapons of mass destruction, including nuclear weapons. For countries that refuse to dispose of their weapons, they must be monitored by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). This way, all nuclear weapons will be either destroyed or closely observed.

Saudi Arabia’s main allies on this issue are Pakistan, Syria, and Iran. They all believe in using Nuclear energy for the well being of everyone and not for the harm of other countries.

In 1988 Saudi Arabia signed the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) that works towards nuclear disarmament, non-proliferation, and the peaceful use of nuclear energy. They also support the Middle East zone free of nuclear weapons as well as other weapons of mass destruction to disarm the Middle east. Saudi Arabia is involved in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) to develop nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, along with member of IAEA. As Prince Saud Al-Faisal, the foreign minister of Saudi Arabia, said, "We want no bombs….Our policy is to have a region free of nuclear weapons." (1) So, although Saudi Arabia has nuclear power, it is used only for peace. Ultimately, Saudi Arabia wants to rid the Middle East of all weapons of mass destruction to create a safer region.

1. "Profile for Saudi Arabia | NTI." NTI: Nuclear Threat Initiative. Web. 15 Nov. 2014. <http://www.nti.org/country-profiles/saudi-arabia/nuclear/>.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Somalia
Delegate Name: Daniel Caracheo
School: Grand Rapids City High School

With the world in a current state of peace in the world more than ever before, be see that it is all our responsibility to keep it that way. While we might not have the economic or warfare power other nations have such as the United States of America or People's Republic of China has, this unity of nations is a democracy, with each voice counting to decide the future of the countries of Earth. Nuclear weapons are a danger to everyone on the planet, and just having them is like holding the planet at gunpoint. But it is a double sided blade, if one is launched, an attack of the same potency whether nuclear or not should be expected in return to the enemy nation or faction. This will create a chain reaction of non stop attacks until the amount of casualties forces the fighting to end. There is also the danger of those who only have destruction in mind, what if they were to steal or create nuclear weapons of their own. My people are currently in a civil war with several groups of people. Including Al-Queda and Al-Shabaab, we're they to gain their hands on a nuclear weapon they could cause great damage to not just Somalia but to many more nations. If it was on the against the people of Somalia, it would create mayhem and destruction, and due to our lack of economic resources we would not be able to heal from such an event. Which is why the country of Somalia agrees and will stand by the Nuclear Non-Proliferation treaty of 2015.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: South Korea
Delegate Name: Nathan Atkins
School: Fishers High School

The Republic of Korea holds strictly to the three-pillars of the NPT and believes the Member States should closely recognize the treaty as a step towards a more efficient and safer world. The NPT was designed to rid the world of nuclear weapons and instead use nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. Considering the current issues in the Middle East, we propose that all Member States who believe in the idea of a nuclear-free zone in the middle east to consider enforcing the NPT. We also believe that the Member States should sign the CTBT in order to prevent the testing of nuclear weapons to further our goal of halting production of WMDs. We believe all Security Council nations should reduce and/or halt the production of nuclear weapons.

Nuclear testing has aided advancements in nuclear technology. These advancements have continued to drive the international community to create more nuclear weapons. In order to hit the direct issue and enforce non-proliferation, The Republic of Korea believes strongly in the The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). The CTBT is aimed at halting the testing of nuclear weapons which will directly correlate to the slowing in advancements of nuclear weaponry.

The Republic of Korea supports the idea of a nuclear-free zone in the Middle East as a way to hopefully slow terrorists when it comes to getting their hands on nuclear weapons. We believe all nuclear facilities in the Middle East should be closely secured and observed to make sure that no nuclear material gets into the hands of terrorists. Terrorism is our biggest threat when it comes to keeping a controlled.

A major concern for The Republic of Korea is nuclear warfare, and we believe we should take every step reasonable to move towards this goal. We highly recommend looking at the NPT and the CTBT and take into consideration signing it.

Works Cited

"Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 11 Jan. 2014. Web. 09 Nov. 2014.

"Permanent Mission of the Republic of Korea to the United Nations." Permanent Mission of the Republic of Korea to the United Nations. The Republic of Korea, 30 Apr. 2004. Web. 09 Nov. 2014.

"Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons." International Atomic Energy Agency. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Nov. 2014.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Spain
Delegate Name: Addison Chisholm
School: Williamston High School

The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) was established in 1970, originally planned to remain for only 25 years. However, in 1995, the treaty was extended indefinitely. The major issues pertaining to the upcoming Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty review in 2015 is that the destruction of nuclear stockpiles has failed to be accepted internationally and the ongoing conflict in the Middle East is creating major challenges. Some countries have signed on to this treaty and have taken all of the necessary steps to meet the requirements. There are still countries that are not taking these same steps and this presents a problem. Some of these countries have surplus weapon-grade plutonium in their possession that needs to be destroyed. To take care of these issues more work must be done and the issues need to be discussed at the review of the treaty in 2015.

The conflict with nuclear weapons affects every country. Nuclear weapons are deadly and can destroy major parts of the world and a great deal of land. There are currently about 30,000 nuclear weapons held by various countries with more than 1,500 of them ready to launch at any moment if needed. France alone has 348 nuclear weapons and 4 ballistic missile submarines. This is concerning for Spain because they share a border with France. Spain has refused to develop or own nuclear weapons. This means that if another country was to attack them with their own nuclear weapons, Spain wouldn't be able to defend itself adequately. The threat to world peace and their individual safety drives Spain to work to destroy nuclear weapons.

Along with supporting NPT, Spain is also in support of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). The CTBT represents an effort of the international community to effectively prevent the spread of nuclear weapons. With nuclear weapons in the hands of terrorists, international security and peace is at risk. In the past, Spain had refused to take a clear position on nuclear issues and non-proliferation policies. Since then Spain has become a part of major organizations like the ones above, and they have contributed greatly in the participation of the framework for the treaties. To combat nuclear weapons and achieve their goal of a nuclear free world Spain pushes for all countries to agree to destroy all nuclear weapons in their possession. They believe that they need to lead by example and have refused to own or develop any nuclear weapons themselves. Spain can expect to find allies in other countries who have also agreed to become a nuclear free country including Mongolia, Austria, New Zealand, and the Philippines.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Sri Lanka
Delegate Name: Nick Rhoa
School: Mattawan High School

Sri Lanka fully supports the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty(NPT). In the past, Sri Lanka has fully supported the United Nation’s efforts to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, to further nuclear disarmament, and to promote peaceful use of nuclear energy. Sri Lanka pushes for the right and continuation of peaceful nuclear technology, in order to improve its economy.

It is the belief of the Sri Lankan government that the complete and total elimination of nuclear weapons from the world is the only possible way for the survival of humanity. Sri Lanka remains committed to the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty(CTBT) and the Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty(FMCT). The Sri Lankan government will not settle for a vague plan regarding Nuclear Non-Proliferation. Sri Lanka calls for nuclear disarmament with comprehensive and verifiable steps, accompanied by a specific time table.

The government of Sri Lanka believes that establishing a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the Middle East is a step that will aid the process of nuclear disarmament. The Sri Lankan government recognizes the three main pillars of the NPT;namely, non-proliferation, disarmament, and the right to peacefully use nuclear technology. Sri Lanka has no doubt that all three pillars must be addressed with a balanced approach. Sri Lanka wants nuclear weapon disarmament,but pushes for international collaboration on peaceful nuclear technology that can help socio-economic issues. Since information of this nature could be misused by certain parties, stringent regulations and international cooperation must be required by the NPT. In conclusion, the Sri Lankan government calls for action and advancement of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty at the 2015 review.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Sudan
Delegate Name: Jake McLean
School: Forest Hills Central High School

The Republic of Sudan recommends that the 2015 nuclear non-proliferation treaty should and ought to bring about a new dismemberment of the nuclear stockpiles of nuclear states. Sudan is not and has never been in possession of nuclear weapons. The Republic of Sudan is a signatory to the Treaty of Pelindaba, which established a nuclear-weapon free zone on the African continent. Sudan has also ratified the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) as a non-nuclear weapon state. Our great nation recommends that all other non-nuclear weapon states should ban together to push for the decrease in nuclear weapons stockpiles in all nuclear weapon wielding nations, and an all out extinction of nuclear weapons by a set date in the future. The Republic of Sudan, which is not very influential on the topic, being a non-nuclear nation and a nation that has never been a close ally or enemy of a nuclear state, it also is not a major world power and or major resource producer.However, it is because of The Republic of Sudan's weak stance that we urge all other non-nuclear weapon states and even nations that do control nuclear weapons that share our views to band together at the 2015 Nuclear non-proliferation summit to implement our peaceful views. Another recommendation for the plan to degrade nuclear weapon stockpiles is to scrap many stockpiled nuclear weapons and reconvert the nuclear material into use in Nuclear Power plants, The Republic of Sudan has been pursuing nuclear power sense 2010 and is still in wokring on it, an international effort to bring nuclear power to Sudan and other nations where it is needed, out of reconverted nuclear weapons would be a pivotal moment in the pursuit of world peace and with the cooperation of peace-keeping nations for the 2015 Nuclear non-proliferation treaty it is possible.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Sweden
Delegate Name: Thomas Mack
School: East Grand Rapids High School

Sweden firmly believes that complete disarmament and further development of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) are absolutely essential to the welfare of citizens across the globe. Sweden believes that is in the best interest of all to not only eliminate nuclear weapons, but cease the development of further technologies. Sweden retains its stance on nuclear weapons being a major hazard and would like to move further towards a world in which nuclear neutrality is accepted internationally and where these weapons have been eliminated altogether.

Sweden has remained neutral in wars for almost two centuries, and has remained nuclear weapon-free even after attaining the capacity to produce nuclear weapons in the 1950’s and 1960’s. Sweden was forced to look into the options of nuclear weapons for defense solely because so many countries had nuclear weapons and were threatening to use them. This is a great example of why nuclear-armed states need to take the lead immediately and remove nuclear weapons in totality. If the nuclear-armed states continue to ignore the severe ramifications of nuclear weapons, other states may unfortunately follow in their footsteps by producing nuclear weapons as defense. Sweden, as well as many other countries, would undoubtedly like to avoid this outcome.

Sweden has signed and ratified the NPT along with the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) and Sweden strongly urges those holding out to do so as well. Sweden, along with Mexico, have been heading multilateral efforts to promote the CTBT entry into force, as a great example of Sweden’s support on the subject. If nuclear-armed states such as the United States and China could sign and ratify the CTBT, it would be a great example for other states as we move towards a nuclear-free world. Sweden would also like to formally ask those countries that are not part of the NPT to not only dismantle and destroy their nuclear weapons in a safe manner, but to terminate any future productions. Sweden also advocates all countries to put specific laws and reforms in place to prevent the use of nuclear weapons.

With all the ongoings in the Middle East, Sweden holds the belief that nuclear-free zones in the Middle East are of paramount significance. A nuclear-free zone is of great importance because without it, serious danger will arise. Sweden would like to avert world conflict, and believes that a nuclear-free zone would most certainly help promote this notion. In conclusion, The NPT and CTBT are some of Sweden’s top priorities currently, and, in addition to a nuclear-free zone in the Middle East, are essential steps on the road to a nuclear-free world.

Works Cited

"Arms Control Today." CTBT Signatories Push Entry Into Force. Web. 15 Nov. 2014.

"1 May 2014, Vol. 12, No. 4." NPT News in Review. Web. 15 Nov. 2014.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Switzerland
Delegate Name: Kara Hamann
School: Kalamazoo Central High School

Switzerland feels strongly on the plans to move forward on the Nuclear Non- proliferation Treaty. Swtzerland feels that nuclears weapons are not a nessecity in any country. We don't think that having the ability to make nuclear weapons is a good idea either. Our goal is to achieve peace, and the worl cannot have that if there are nueclear weapons. We are willing to move forward in anyway to create a nuclear free zone, wherever it may be needed. The best way to persuade the countries who have not signed on the NPT is to show them what a world with and without nuclear weapons looks like. Also the aftermath a of a world with them.

Switzerland has signed the NPT, hopping to work towards a nuclear- free area in the Middle East. Switzerland uses 5 nuclear power plant, which generates 40% of our power. We are working of a plan to complete rid of the power plants by 2034. We do not promote the use of nuclear weapons. The Middle East has been experiencing many war problems, to make it a nuclear- free zone will help lessen the crimes and issues. We understand that working towards a nuclear free zone is a great task. But we believe if that we show the consequences of nuclear war, people will be persuaded otherwise.

What we believe that needs to happen is governments in the Middle East need to creat a plan to slowly work towards the goal of a nuclear free zone. Helping them should be their allies and surrounding nations. The Countries who signed the NPT should provided the supplies needed to work towards the goal of a nuclear free zone. Without the help of others the Middle East and NPT won't be able to reach the goal.

The best way to persuade the countries who have not signed on the NPT is to show them what a world with and without nuclear weapons looks like. Also the aftermath a of a world with them.

http://www.nti.org/treaties-and-regimes/treaty-on-the-non-proliferation-of-nuclear-weapons/

http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Country-Profiles/Countries-O-S/Switzerland/

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Syria
Delegate Name: Colin O’Donnell
School: Forest Hills Central High School

Syria knows that nuclear disarmament means a more safe and peaceful world without the threat of mass destruction. With the Non-Proliferation Treaty, The world will succeed in this goal of no more nuclear threats. The conflicts in the Middle East will prove to delay any sort of action against nuclear arms. However, elsewhere around the globe reduction may start taking place like in Russia and the United States. Once the conflicts in the Middle East are resolved, the UN may start disarming the Middle East of it nuclear arms, more safely. The idea of a nuclear-free zone in the Middle East is not practical whatsoever. The situation is in chaos, once the situation calms down over the next years, the UN may then move in and attack the situation of dismantling nuclear weapons more thoroughly and much more safer than before.

The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty seems to be working very well. However the speed at which the process of destroying nuclear stockpiles could not be more disappointing. The lack of cooperation between countries that have committed to this horrible, with many not taking the necessary steps to fulfill its stipulations. The situation in The Middle East makes it very hard to bring any stabilization to nuclear arms even though there is a nuclear-weapons-free zone established there is still the risk of a loose nuke entering the region via a terrorist organization.

The UN should have Preparatory Committee meetings every year instead of every five years. The speed at which nuclear stockpiles are destroyed should be faster with the introductions that every country must cooperate with. Countries that choose not to cooperate would be punished accordingly. In the Middle East, the nuclear-weapons-free zone should be enforced more than it already is. The only country that should be allowed to have military grade plutonium should be Iran until the region becomes stable again.

Countries that are expected to cooperate with this revised treaty are Russia, China, Iraq, Iran, Lebanon, and Jordan.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Tunisia
Delegate Name: Lily Huver
School: Forest Hills Northern High School

While the NPT has been signed by nearly two-hundred countries at this point in time, it has not been realized that there are still many obstacles that must be addressed. In the middle-east, these issues are particularly heightened, which has sparked international controversy. The Republic of Tunisia has no known record of nuclear arm production and does not have the motive to do so. The idea of a nuclear-free zone in the middle-east is indeed practical at this time due to high tensions among local countries.

Every nation should ratify the Nuclear Non-Proliferation treaty in order to achieve international peace and cooperation. In order to encourage countries to ratify the NPT, the United Nations must come up with a plan to demonstrate the importance of nuclear disarmament worldwide. If actions are not taken soon, the Tunisian Republic feels that there will be long term global consequences. However, it is impossible to convince nations that have not ratified the treaty overnight and each country must keep an open mind as to how this can be achieved.

The Republic of Tunisia believes that there needs to be cooperation between nations in order to create steps to encourage nations that have not signed the treaty to become members of the NPT. Tunisia urges all countries, particularly its fellow middle-eastern countries to come to an agreement on these issues to create peace as well as aid in the weakening of tensions between nations.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Turkey
Delegate Name: Janea Wilson
School: Roeper School

Recommendations on the 2015 nuclear non-proliferation treaty

Republic of Turkey

The Roeper School

Janea’ Wilson

The nuclear non-proliferation treaty (NPT) is the only accord that creates a commitment to disarmament. It became an international law in 1970 and all but four countries in the United Nations have agreed to the treaty. The main purpose of the 2015 NPT conference is to decide whether it will become an international law. Turkey does not choose to build any nuclear, chemical or biological weapons; as such actions would sever our agreement to the European Union’s nonproliferation. Although Turkey is in a contentious region, we choose not to engage in violence. There is a dedication to a nonproliferation regime making these type of laws important to the economy. Turkey does have an interest with nuclear technology, but there is no plan to use the technology violently. Nine nations have nuclear weapons, but over thirty others have the ability to hastily acquire them. With technology advancing, it is becoming more necessary and urgent for laws like the nuclear non-proliferation treaty to be enforced.

To make the NPT as effective as possible, nations should not have nuclear weapons available to the military. Having such weapons as an option will allow the militaries to believe they are acceptable to use, going against all nonproliferation options. One problem with the NPT is that there are not direct government-to-government agreements, and rules will not be firmly enforced. However, not many rules will be broken because the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) will be monitoring the compliance of the NPT.

In conclusion, the NPT will need to specify how much action a country can take with nuclear technology without becoming a threat to security. Additionally, the NPT needs to be clear that countries do not need to lie about what they plan to do with the technology.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Ukraine
Delegate Name: Charlie Buckley
School: Williamston High School

The question of if complete nuclear disarmament is even possible has been asked for the past 60 years or more. And to that I respond of course it is, nuclear disarmament is a thing that could be completely achieved in our life time if properly dealt with. But to properly achieve that goal we must start strong now. And stop the problems at there source to start to change the future for the better.

This conflict has not taken a back seat in the eyes of the Ukrainian people for many reasons such as the belief that if the Ukraine still was nuclear capable then Russia would not have invaded the Crimea. Or because of the cancer patients from the Chernobyl power plants are still fresh in our minds and will continue to be for many more years ahead. Ukraine’s past experiences with nuclear capability have either been very bad or intervened by the USA and Russia. Even though that the Ukraine still has 15 operational nuclear power plants a good amount of those are some what near the fighting in the far eastern part of Ukraine. So we would be in favor of most nuclear disarmament treaty’s.

A possible solution to this problem could be fines for every nuclear weapon that a country owns and a buy back program instituted by the U.N. As well as a global relief fund set up by the U.N. To help any nation that wants help in the wake of a nuclear disaster. This fund would be a combination of funds from the world bank as well as donations from other nations to aid in the relief effort. We must be ready and aware for the next disaster that could happen because one will happen again no matter how hard we try to prevent one whether it is through the faults of our own or from the faults of terrorists . And this will simply repeat as long as nuclear capability’s are still possible. We are confident that the nations of America, Russia, China, Vietnam, D.P.R.K., Australia and many other nations will support us on this crucial matter.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: United Kingdom
Delegate Name: Sydney Graham
School: Flint Southwestern Classical Academy

Once again the international community has come together to review ideas on how to update the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. Currently, some nations have yet to agree to stop their pursuit of nuclear weapons and those that have agreed must find ways to dismantle their weapons so that they can truly claim to have laid down their arms.

In addition to the need of safe and efficient methods to dismantle and dispose of nuclear weaponry, the United Kingdom recognizes the potential danger of the development of nuclear weapons programs in the Middle East. Due to the tensions and political unrest as well as the violence that is prevalent in some states in the region, the United Kingdom is wary of the consequences adding nuclear power to the Middle East could have. The potential for nongovernment actors to obtain these weapons during the strife or for disagreeing factions to use these weapons carelessly is a threat that the international community would do well to avoid.

Taking note of the need to stop the production of nuclear weapons and reduce the nuclear stockpiles in order to assure peace, the United Kingdom encourages fellow nations and states to consider taking steps to end their quests for nuclear dominance. Though at one time our nation was a part of the race to gain nuclear weaponry, we have signed the Non-Proliferation Treaty and have laid down our arms. Fully aware of each nation’s interest in securing their safety through the possession of nuclear weapons, the United Kingdom urges the international community to consider another option. We must work to remove the threat of nuclear weapons as completely as possible.

Underscoring the potential for peace through the strengthening of anti-nuclear sentiments and actions, the United Kingdom proposes that the international community reach out to nations considering nuclear programs in exchange for agreement not to possess, produce, or transport these weapons of mass destruction. Peace is not limited to putting away weapons, but may be extended to an outstretched hand of alliance, cooperation, and acceptance.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: United States
Delegate Name: Owen Slubowski
School: Forest Hills Northern High School

America had been a big supporter in the disarmament effort, some treaties that America has signed regarding nuclear weapons are the new START treaty which has limited America’s amount of nuclear weapons which it can deploy, the treaty of Tlatelolco which regards nuclear weapons in latin america, among others.

The NPT is a vital document that helps ensure the safety of the world. As conflicts and disputes continue in the middle east the idea of a so called “ nuclear free zone may be a good option to prevent either side from acquiring these weapons of mass destruction. As this could be an infringement of national sovereignty countries, should be allowed to opt in or out if they so choose. Those countries that have chosen not to be a part of the NPT could be encouraged to join if we allow them to assist with the revisions, so they can insure that it fits their needs.

Some nations may not be able to keep their countries do not have the capability to disarm and secure their stockpiles, which is the reason that it is so vital to open avenues that such countries can seek and gain assistance. This assistance will allow the country to gain increased security for itself and for all other nations. We as an international community are only as strong as the weakest link, one nuke that is lost can spell disaster. The international community must stand as one in order to remedy this problem.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Venezuela
Delegate Name: Michelle Svilpe
School: Mattawan High School

Venezuela has practically no involvement in nuclear weapons, and very little knowledge on them. Venezuela has previously signed many treaties against producing nuclear weapons and still stands true to them. Although Venezuela has never shown much interest, a deal was made with both Iran and Russia to begin work on a nuclear power station within the country. Work hasn’t progressed, but the agreement was made. Venezuela only had plans to use the power station for peaceful research and nothing extreme. Venezuela believes that the nuclear power should only be used for beneficial research regardless of the links to countries that have been known to think differently.

If Venezuela chose to begin true work on a nuclear power station, the country would use is strictly for research purposes and not for future other uses. Venezuela is still a strong supporter of the NPT and other treaties preventing the use of nuclear weapons with force.

Until action is taken by those in the Middle East, there isn’t a reason for changes to be made to the NPT regarding those countries. There isn’t a point of creating new policies that may only cause tension until action is taken. A nuclear-free zone is still practical for obvious safety reasons for the entire world. If one country implements a way of using them to protect themselves or others, more countries will continue to do so and claim they are for the same purpose. Other countries can be persuaded into signing but simply being shown how the use for nuclear energy isn’t necessary for protection, and if used, should be for research purposes. Nuclear weapons are not needed for the safety of a country, and that can be displayed to the countries who continue to use them.

Venezuela looks forward to continuing discussion on this treaty and hearing the opinions of other countries.

Topic: Recommendations for the 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Country: Vietnam
Delegate Name: Mackenzie McCowen
School: Vicksburg High School

In the upcoming year, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty will be up for review. As a committee it's our job to decide if the NPT currently reflects the ongoing issues today. There are many countries around the world who do not have nuclear weapons. However other countries do, many of which are not apart of the NPT. All though countries have agreed and signed the treaty, not all have followed the necessary steps of this treaty.

The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a member of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. As well as Vietnam contains no nuclear weapons, nor to they posses a nuclear weapons program. It's possible for member states to be completely free of nuclear arms, but many refuse claiming that it is for the safety of their country per-say for an attack or counterstrike if another country were to declare war. For example classified documents indicate that the United States considered using nuclear weapons against Northern Vietnam during the last half of the crisis.

The NPT should be updated to reflect the current issue in the middle east, however the progress shouldn't be rushed to create a nuclear free zone in the Middle East due to high tensions and the risk of increased terrorism with these weapons. The idea of a nuclear free zone in the Middle East in future years is an idea that the United Nations should strive for.

Countries should be encouraged in the process of nuclear disarmament based upon the countries needs. If the countries claim to continue to own nuclear weapons for the safety of the country the point that the world would be a safer place if all countries were to remove there nuclear weapons. States that are not apart of the NPT should be encouraged to dismantle their weapons through ratification of the treaty based upon their current needs. If states continue to refuse the treaty and continue to refuse to dismantle their weapons, the U.N should take action and seize trade with said countries in order to cause pressure on the nations government.