Balancing Human Rights and Counterterrorism

Topic: 2024-Balancing Human Rights
Country: France (UNSC)
Delegate Name: Will McConnell

The French Republic stands unwaveringly loyal to the utilisation of technology as a tool for countering terrorism and feels that, with the right level of transparency, there is no threat to human rights. If anything, it will aid in expanding human rights. With decreased terrorism, marginalised groups will have a better overall quality of life. For this reason, France feels firmly that, despite recent backlash, our decision to allow AI surveillance at the 2024 Paris Olympics is something all governments should learn from.

As a country with a recent history of internal terrorist attacks against both Islamic and Jewish individuals, France feels that it is of utmost importance to the safety of these groups, as well as other groups, in this day and age to protect them before we’ve no option but to mourn them. The only way to protect them is to use the technology available to us to stop terrorism in its tracks.

Though, as previously mentioned, transparency within the government is an important aspect in the use of technology to aid in countering terrorism. The lack of transparency is what draws the line between necessary surveillance and infringement upon human rights. For this reason, France urges countries hoping to use surveillance to use it for good and to tell their citizens when and where it is being used to avoid the internal conflict it was created to stop.

With this being said, it can not be assumed that all governments will agree on what the right level of transparency is in informing their citizens of AI surveillance. Because of this, France would like to see this committee come to an agreed upon level of transparency for all the world’s governments to go off of.

France wishes to see a specific guideline formed and approved by the committee including the following:
A scale for transparency established to determine what is infringement versus what is precautionary, a set guideline for when surveillance should be used, and a guideline for when U.N. intervention is needed in the event of a human rights infringement due to surveillance.

The French Republic looks forward to working with all of our fellow delegates and is excited to reach an agreed upon solution.

Topic: 2024-Balancing Human Rights
Country: UAE (UNSC)
Delegate Name: Luna Heider

Acts of terrorism have led to harm inflicted upon innocents in countless incidents all over the globe, and must be combated by nations and their governments, which uphold the responsibility of protecting their residents. Fighting back against terrorism is critical in promoting safety and suppressing violence and threats to the security of a country. However, applying this approach to every humanitarian aspect is imperative to ensuring the protection of human rights under every circumstance. These values must be considered and upheld when determining retaliation against terrorism, as well, to guarantee the protection of the human rights of every global citizen.

An extreme and absolutely critical example of human rights violations in the name of counterterrorism is Israel’s War on Gaza. The attack of the militant group Hamas on Israel on October 7th, 2023, led to Israeli retaliation on the Gaza Strip, which has resulted in the destruction of about two-thirds of Gaza’s infrastructure and a death toll surpassing 28,000 people. According to the United Nations, 40% of these casualties are children. Israel justifies this unrelenting siege on Gaza as an effort to eradicate Hamas, but has resulted in this high death toll and severe human rights violations, including the deliberate use of white phosphorus in civilian areas, prohibited by international law. Though the UN has called Israel out for violations such as this one, Israel’s attacks on civilians have continued and see no signs of halting amid overwhelming calls for a ceasefire, including the veto of a ceasefire resolution presented by the UAE winning a majority in the UN Security Council.

To combat the failure of restrictions on human rights violations labeled as counterterrorism, the UAE believes that the United Nations, as an upholder of peace, safety, and understanding, should have a greater influence on the fight against terrorism. Though Resolution 2005/80 states that efforts to combat terrorism must fall under international law protecting human rights, there is room for each nation to have discrepancies in the definition of terrorism and label different actions or groups as terrorist, thus enabling discrimination and other infringements on human rights. This can lead to–and has led to–the suppression and violation of human rights in the name of counterterrorism, such as the USA Patriot Act in response to the terrorist attacks on September 11th and the subjugation of Uighurs in China. The UN should establish an official definition of terrorism, and should be involved in the identification and classification of prominent terrorist groups, as they have proven to be the primary agitators that require the most significant responses. This would attempt to prevent infringement on human rights in the name of counterterrorism, while simultaneously protecting the sovereignty of each individual Member State to combat terrorist threats to its safety and peace, and further promote global stability and the protection of each nation and its residents.

Topic: 2024-Balancing Human Rights
Country: Saudi Arabia
Delegate Name: Charlisa Penzak

Special Political and Decolonization
Balancing Human Rights and Counterterrorism
Saudi Arabia
Charlisa Penzak
Groves High School

Since 9/11, Saudi Arabia has been crucial to counterterrorism efforts in the Middle East. Home to some of Islam’s most precious sites, like Mecca and Medina, Saudi Arabia has become the target of extremist terrorism like ISIS and Al-Qaeda. Al-Qaeda has declared itself the enemy of Saudi Arabia, repeatedly calling for the assassination of top Saudi officials and releasing propaganda with Al-Qaeda’s black flag flying over Mecca. However, Saudi Arabia has been successful in thwarting AQAP (Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula) activities. For example, the 2010 AQAP Cargo Plane Bomb plot was neutralized due to vital Saudi intelligence measures. Having acceptable relations with the US, Saudi Arabia has become a base for US and western counterterrorism campaigns, particularly in Yemen. Saudi Arabia has been taking a lead, founding the Islamic Military Counterterrorism coalition (41 nations), pledging $100 million to fight terrorists in West Africa, and supporting UN efforts (launching and providing $110 million to the UN counterterrorism center and assisting UN Security Council workshops). Furthermore, Saudi Arabia is a member of the Global Coalition to counter ISIS, the largest contributor second only to the United Sates. Domestically, Saudi Arabia has been largely successful in counterterrorism, protecting critical infrastructure, and monitoring social media, and accessing private accounts when there is reasonable suspicion. Saudi Arabia would be happy to share the successful strategies with other countries. While it is a delicate balance to protect human rights, Saudi Arabia believes that countering terrorism should be a top priority because terrorism is a major driver of civil unrest and instability. Only once governments ensure security and mitigate terrorism can they focus on lifting surveillance in the name of human rights.

To counter terrorism, the committee must address a few key pillars: conditions conducive to radicalization, financing, travel, access to arms, and intelligence. By addressing these components, Saudi Arabia hopes to foster long term solutions. Multilateral cooperation is vital to share intelligence, monitor travel, and more — global issues require global solutions. Strengthening existing institutions can help them better tackle terrorist threats. Bold action is key to deter and stifle terrorist activity.

Topic: 2024-Balancing Human Rights
Country: Switzerland (UNSC)
Delegate Name: Ryon Schmidt

Switzerland acknowledges the constant challenge of balancing human rights protections with counterterrorism efforts. In 2005, the United Nations Commission for Human Rights enacted Resolution 2005/80, appointing a special rapporteur to understand human rights and basic freedoms in the context of counterterrorism. Renewed periodically, most recently in 2022, this mandate shows the ongoing concerns regarding potential rights violations in counterterrorism throughout the world’s many nations. Certain counterterrorism strategies have demonstrated limited effectiveness, often at the cost of human rights intrusions and causing rather than mitigating terrorism risks. For instance, broad surveillance initiatives and strict detention practices jeopardize damaging civil liberties without substantial security gains. Switzerland advocates for targeted, proportionate, and evidence-based approaches that address terrorism’s underlying drivers while respecting human rights.

Humanitarian organizations play a pivotal role in counterterrorism by aiding vulnerable populations and tackling the root causes of radicalization. Implanting humanitarian principles into counterterrorism frameworks can lessen human rights violations and promote a complete security model. Switzerland advocates for initiatives prioritizing civilian protection and ensuring counterterrorism actions align with international humanitarian law. Evaluating counterterrorism effectiveness necessitates a holistic assessment encompassing traditional methodologies and emerging technologies. Conventional metrics, like attack prevention rates, offer limited insight. Switzerland stresses the importance of assessing counterterrorism impacts on human rights, including privacy, free speech, and due process. Integrating emerging technologies must be coupled with constant oversight to deny abuse and ensure accountability.

Switzerland reiterates its commitment to upholding human rights while countering terrorism. Switzerland continues to advocate for a balanced approach, where security imperatives conform with individual liberties and the rule of law. Re-developing this system helps enable effective counterterrorism without risking the basic values of our societies.

Topic: 2024-Balancing Human Rights
Country: Iran
Delegate Name: Ethan Han

Topic: 2024-Balancing Human Rights and Counterterrorism
Country: Iran
Delegate Name: Ethan Han
Forest Hills Northern

The Islamic Republic of Iran recognizes the importance of responding to the global challenge of terrorism while upholding fundamental human rights. While acknowledging the nuances and complicated nature of balancing human rights with counterterrorism, Iran is committed to discussions to foster a just balance.

Iran notes the importance of cooperation when countering terrorism concerning human rights. International collaboration through the open sharing of information is crucial for a good approach to addressing terrorism while respecting human rights principles. Iran pushes for open and inclusive dialogue with all nations to share effective practices, and common challenges, and develop comprehensive strategies that would help fight against terrorism while maintaining human rights.

Recognizing the intricacies between human rights and counterterrorism, Iran commits to engaging in the pursuit of effective and just counterterrorism policies. By advocating for the cooperation of all nations, upholding human rights, and implementing discussed measures, Iran believes that a balanced approach can be achieved regarding the challenge of global terrorism.

Topic: 2024-Balancing Human Rights
Country: Gabon (UNSC)
Delegate Name: Broderick Mcdonald

Balancing human rights and counterterrorism, where do the lines cross, when your country is trying to be secure and protect their country’s people? Gabon’s stance on security is that it can be one of the best ways to protect and stop terrorism against their people. Other countries have called Gabon out in the past for not being transparent enough on our levels of surveillance. There are many reasons why we weren’t transparent enough on our levels of trying to protect our citizens from what could or could not happen in the future.
As Gabon, we feel that our national security would be put at a higher risk with more transparency. As a country that uses security as its top way to combat terrorism. It has been thought that our ways of Security with limited transparency have been seen in the past by others as not safe nor is it looked to as an example but as the delegate of Gabon, I would like to talk about how we’re using it safely.
Using security as a way to protect your people is not impossible and we see this in many different countries across the globe. In the U.S. after 9/11 we see how the U.S. has cracked down on surveillance and their transparency to others while still keeping it land of the free.
When these larger countries with large amounts of citizens start to have impacts on those citizens then they realize that they need to be on their best for those people and that is what the U.S. is doing after 9/11. The United States has surveillance over their people, over their land, and over anything part of their country, with surveillance people might think that it impedes their national rights but in fact, it makes them safer in the long run. This is why Gabon has put statements out in the past saying how surveillance is an important way to stop any type of terrorism.

Topic: 2024-Balancing Human Rights
Country: Russian Federation (UNSC)
Delegate Name: Asher Neville

Russia stands firmly against terrorism and believes UN planning to address this issue is necessary for the safety of the world. Some tactics that Russia has employed to make internal functions better, include more surveillance and restricting limitations on certain groups. This has allowed for Russia to decrease the amount of terrorist attacks that have happened by large amounts compared to years before 2021.

In Russia there is little coordination with humanitarian groups. With the rates of internal terrorism being down it has been less of a concern for our country. If issues of infringement arise relating to human rights, the government will look into those issues and address them directly. Bill No.1165661-7 makes the charging and convicting of those who are affiliated distrustful organizations much more simple. This allows for the government to just take action regarding individuals who are related to these untrustworthy organizations.

Russia has seen major improvements in the case of terrorism which has allowed better gauging of how well our policies and technologies are working. With improved surveillance, identifying terrorists and stopping them in their tracks has become much more effective. As for limiting certain groups, Bill No.1165650-7 amends the law on mistrustful organizations. It also sets a stricter system on finances for organizations who receive money from persons who have been labeled as foreign entities. This allows Russia to control more of what comes in and out in the country.

Topic: 2024-Balancing Human Rights
Country: Venezuela
Delegate Name: Ethan Hess

The delegation is no stranger to terrorism, with failed Operation Gideon having taken place in 2020, and countless smaller terrorist sects spread throughout the nation. Venezuela has not, and will not shy away from protecting the peace within our country, and under President Maduro’s lead has worked tirelessly to protect the peace within Venezuela. Even before Operation Gideon, Venezuela has faced many attempted coups since the late 1990s even into the 2000s, but since President Maduro took office Venezuela has reached a state of political stability, as we focus on bolstering our economy. It is firmly the belief of Venezuela that pinching off tactics and resources which our nation can and must use to combat domestic terrorism, and potential coups d’état is actively asking for there to be more instability in our nation.

The United Nations has previously condemned the counter-terrorism efforts within Venezuela, calling out trial processes they deemed unfair, and evidence they deemed unsubstantial being used to convict active terrorist threats. Venezuela does not agree with any of these accusations and is steadfast in our conviction of domestic terrorists, and convinced in the evidence and methods which we used to arrest them and protect not only the peace within Venezuela but also the people of our nation. Political instability is of course bad for the government of Venezuela, but it is even worse for the people of our country, and President Maduro’s counter terrorisim efforts are not geared to ensure his maintainment of office, but rather to ensure a safe and liveable future for Venezuela’s people.

Fighting terrorism is a form of war in and of itself, and when you are at war every possible tactic must be considered, especially when those tactics don’t endanger the lives of innocents. Venezuela believes that the efforts of this special committee should focus on mitigating the loss of civilian lives in counter-terrorism, rather than outlawing necessary tools made available by modern technology. Rather than scrutinizing the fair practices of independent nations that certain other nations don’t agree with, this committee should scrutinize the efforts of counter-terrorism that involve the loss of hundreds of innocent lives like the crises we see going on in the Middle East. The delegation from Venezuela would look favourable upon resolutions that guarantee the rights of nations to fight terrorism in ways that don’t harm civilians, and would additionally look favourably upon creating resolutions that help prevent loss of life in counter-terrorism efforts, as when it comes down to it, the greatest human right of all is the right to remain alive.

Topic: 2024-Balancing Human Rights
Country: Oman
Delegate Name: Ishaan Muchumarri

On September 9th, 2011, the actions of 19 al-Qaeda members on 4 commercial flights saw the world shift from the peace brought on by the end of the Cold War to an entirely new global conflict. Nations across the globe pivoted towards a fight against terror, with trillions being spent on new preventive measures to ensure no attack could ever again threaten the world. Broad definitions of terrorism can lead to suppression of free speech, exemplified by laws like the USA Patriot Act. Counterterrorism actions, rooted in legitimate concerns, are urged by the UN Security Council, but their resolutions sometimes overshadow counterterrorism treaties, potentially impacting humanitarian groups. Across the globe, terrorism continues to persist, particularly in the Middle East with countries like Yemen and Afghanistan experiencing horrible humanitarian crises and a loss of basic rights as a result of continued attacks. As such, a global shift to better address terrorism is needed.

The Sultanate of Oman has historically implemented a strong policy of anti-terrorism. With its western neighbor experiencing some of the highest levels of terrorism seen in the world, fear of spillover in Oman has led the government to pursue strong anti-terrorism policies. Muscat has established drawn-out plans in the case of attacks against civilians and other soft targets but acknowledges that its counterterrorism capabilities require significant improvement. As such, Oman has looked to the United States as a role model in countering potential terrorism. The Omani military receives training and equipment from the United States to combat terrorism within the country and also equips the Sultan’s Special Forces and the Royal Oman Police (ROP) Special Task Force with strategies to combat threats that may arise. In regards to preventing threats from arising within its borders, Oman observed the disastrous results of allowing extremism to fester in its neighbor and has taken measures to ensure that any threat within its border is silenced and put to trial. Concerning terrorism on the global front, Oman has collaborated with many nations to sanction individuals and organizations that have been tied to terrorism and supports the sharing of intelligence to counter terror.

As it stands now, Muscat seeks an expansion of global counterterrorism efforts. The protection of human rights is of the utmost importance to the continuation of the human population, and ensuring that those are not threatened by foreign parties is the best way to ensure the protection of the global populace. The Sultanate emphasizes the need to incorporate emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and data analytics, in assessing the impact of counterterrorism actions. Oman recommends the establishment of an international counterterrorism intelligence agency for a more accurate and adaptable assessment of counterterrorism risks across the world, as well as to increase the ability for anti-terrorism measures to be conducted rather than rely on a single nation or a small coalition of nations to conduct them independently. The Security Council should be considered one of the primary agencies for countering global terrorist groups, and the globe should be able to provide unified intelligence to this council.

Topic: 2024-Balancing Human Rights
Country: Ghana (UNSC)
Delegate Name: Grace Kent

Special Political Committee
Balancing Human Rights and Counterterrorism
Ghana
Grace Kent, Forest Hills Northern High School

The quest to counter terrorism while safeguarding human rights remains one of the most pressing challenges for nations worldwide. In the face of evolving security threats, governments often resort to stringent measures to ensure national security, sometimes at the expense of individual freedoms and rights. However, in a democratic society like Ghana, striking a balance between counterterrorism efforts and the protection of human rights is imperative.
Ghana has committed itself to upholding fundamental human rights. These rights encompass civil liberties, such as freedom of speech, assembly, and religion, as well as socio-economic rights, including the right to education, healthcare, and decent living standards. The Ghanaian Constitution serves as a cornerstone for the protection of these rights, guaranteeing citizens’ freedoms and prohibiting arbitrary detention, torture, and discrimination.
Despite Ghana’s stable democracy and relatively low incidence of terrorism, it is not immune to the threat. The rise of extremist ideologies, transnational networks, and the proliferation of small arms pose significant challenges to national security. Ghana has implemented various counterterrorism strategies to enhance security and prevent extremist violence.
Achieving an effective balance between counterterrorism imperatives and human rights protection is a complex endeavor. Heavy-handed tactics can undermine the very rights they seek to preserve. Moreover, they risk alienating marginalized communities, fostering grievances, and fueling radicalization. Therefore, any counterterrorism strategy in Ghana must be proportionate, transparent, and compliant with international human rights standards.
The judiciary plays a crucial role in upholding the rule of law and ensuring that counterterrorism measures comply with constitutional provisions and international obligations. Judicial oversight, fair trials, and access to legal representation are essential safeguards against abuses of power. Civil society organizations, including human rights advocates, and community-based organizations, also play a vital role in monitoring government actions, raising awareness, and holding authorities accountable for human rights violations.
In conclusion, balancing human rights and counterterrorism in Ghana requires a nuanced approach that prioritizes both security and individual freedoms. While the government has a legitimate duty to protect its citizens from terrorist threats, it must do so within the confines of the law and with full respect for human rights. Upholding democratic values, promoting inclusivity, and fostering dialogue with affected communities are essential elements of a comprehensive and sustainable counterterrorism strategy. By navigating this delicate equation, Ghana can effectively safeguard its citizens while preserving the principles of freedom, justice, and human dignity.

Topic: 2024-Balancing Human Rights
Country: Pakistan
Delegate Name: Harpreet Kaur

Special Political and Decolonization Committee
Situation in Yemen
The Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Harpreet Kaur
Forest Hills Eastern

The Islamic Republic of Pakistan is steadfastly dedicated to protecting human rights while combating terrorism. Since there has been a lot of terrorist activity, the nation has led the way in counterterrorism activities. It does, however, recognize the significance of a human rights-abiding, well-rounded strategy. Pakistan has made significant efforts to combat terrorism and the financing of terrorists. In 2021, the nation updated its National Action Plan (NAP), cutting it down from 20 points to 14 important elements. The NAP seeks to swiftly and impartially destroy all terrorist groups. On some of this plan’s more difficult components, however, development has been sluggish. Pakistan has additionally collaborated in counterterrorism measures with foreign allies like the United States. This cooperation includes intelligence sharing and keeping airspace open for potential drone strikes against high-value targets.

Although stopping terrorism is a top concern, Pakistan is also dedicated to protecting human rights. The nation strives for a long-term counterterrorism policy based on cooperation and growth, addressing the core causes of terrorism as well as its outward manifestations. Concerns exist, nevertheless, over how counterterrorism policies may affect human rights. The Anti-Terrorism Act of 1997 and the Protection of Pakistan Act of 2014 have created issues over the right to life, liberty, and a fair trial due to their broad definition of terrorism.

Pakistan recognizes the significance of a refurbished and fortified criminal justice system in the fight against terrorist threats and the containment of violent extremism. We advocate for the strengthening of global collaboration to exchange optimal practices for reconciling human rights and counterterrorism. Our emphasis is on tackling the underlying causes of terrorism, such as poverty, inequality, and social marginalization.

Topic: 2024-Balancing Human Rights
Country: Yemen
Delegate Name: Logan Tamas

In Yemen, humanitarian aid would be greatly appreciated by all and without it, countless more lives will be lost. With this, Humanitarian aid is the only way to ensure the best chances for the people of the town. That is why humanitarian groups should be integrated into every nation’s infrastructure and militaries. With all this in mind though, counterterrorism should still be a higher priority than humanitarian aid. For both of these changes, there would need to be more money funding those actions. Nations with a strong trade relationship with another wealthy nation all will be expected to add 5% of their tax income every year. This will help fund the ever growing counterterror programs and also fund the humanitarian aid as well.
The effects of a counterterror strategy can only be viewed through battle and experience. This means that the only way to measure how effective a strategy is actively seeing it while its being played out in the actual battle. Soon, when we have more technologies, we will be able to measure the strategies with some kind of point system.

Topic: 2024-Balancing Human Rights
Country: Denmark
Delegate Name: Casey Nelson

Submitted to: Special Political and Decolonization Committee

From: Denmark

Topic: Balancing counter-terrorism and human rights

The Kingdom of Denmark has always been a strong ally in the constant fight against terrorism worldwide. Denmark has always supported the core values of the UN Charter such as maintaining global peace and security and strengthening respect for human rights. These values are what this committee has been asked to assess and balance. Seeing how both currently and historically the fight against terrorism can lose all regard for human rights, the Kingdom of Denmark urges this committee to define what counter-terrorism is and provide parameters for when it is and is not acceptable for a government to intervene and with what level of force in an effort to promote safety for all of its citizens..
While the Kingdom of Denmark fights adamantly against terrorism and would like to see the fight continue in the name of peace, history has shown that it is possible for the pursuit of peace to lead to chaos and discourse. It is important to define guidelines and regulations for balancing counter-terrorism with human rights, but it is also important to remember a nation’s right to autonomy.
Additionally, the Center for Terror Analysis uses a 5-point scale to determine the threat to a certain country. This scale could be further clarified to include guidelines as to a proper form of retaliation against terror based on the threat at hand. A scale like this could help guide countries to make good decisions and minimize the needless loss of life that counter-terrorism can cause, while still respecting their autonomy. Other possible solutions could include placing sanctions on countries that are losing regard for human rights could potentially be an avenue worth working on.
In past Security Council resolutions, terrorism has been defined as criminal acts, including, against civilians, committed with intent to cause death or serious bodily injury, or taking of hostages, with the purpose of provoking a state of terror in the general public or a group of persons or particular persons, intimidate a population or compel a government or an international organization to do or to abstain from doing any act. It’s important to look at the precedent of this topic and decide what has worked and what has not and to further define what counterterrorism is.
The Kingdom of Denmark has always put peace at the forefront of its international affairs, and it also urges this committee to draw the line and balance counter-terrorism and human rights so that we can save countless future lives.

Works Cited
Denmark. (2023, November 29). United States Department of State. https://www.state.gov/reports/country-reports-on-terrorism-2022/denmark/#:~:text=Overview%3A%20The%20Kingdom%20of%20Denmark,United%20States%20on%20counterterrorism%20initiatives
Terrorism and violent extremism. (n.d.). UM-ENEN. Retrieved February 16, 2024, from https://um.dk/en/foreign-policy/terrorism-and-violent-extremism
KKIENERM. (n.d.). Counter-Terrorism Module 4 Key Issues: Defining Terrorism. Retrieved February 16, 2024, from https://www.unodc.org/e4j/en/terrorism/module-4/key-issues/defining-terrorism.html#:~:text=criminal%20acts%2C%20including%20against%20civilians,a%20government%20or%20an%20international

UNSC resolutions 1373 and 1566

Topic: 2024-Balancing Human Rights
Country: Mozambique
Delegate Name: Jasmeher Singh

Republic of Mozambique
Saginaw Arts and Sciences Academy
Special Political and Decolonization Committee (SPECPOL)

With the emergence of terrorist groups/attacks internationally, the UN needs to devise a plan of action to help prevent terrorism while also protecting human rights. Mozambique recognizes that preventing counterterrorism starts with reforming the technology and regulations put in place due to counterterrorism which often allows vulnerable people to be negatively affected. People like journalists often lose their freedom of speech through these counterterrorism tactics, and it’s essential to remember that civilians should be positively impacted by stopping the rise of terrorism and not negatively affected. Also, it’s important to remember while making our resolutions that we must ensure that there needs to be a more diverse and open way to fight counterterrorism.

Mozambique is aware of the high amounts of terrorism in our nation with 314 terrorist acts happening in 2021. ISIS Mozambique (ISIS-M) has been conducting many terrorist attacks over the last couple of years in Mozambique, and this is one of our growing concerns. So many civilians have been hurt, and/or killed due to these acts of terrorism and we believe that it’s essential to stop counterterrorism. One change that Mozambique has started to implement when trying to slow down the spread of terrorist attacks is that we have focused on more policies on domestic terrorism. Previously, we had only policies on international terrorism and our stance on that, but we are also working within our own country to combat counterterrorism. Now if people are found committing terrorist attacks, they will be sent to prison for 8 to 12 years, which is the maximum sentence for those living in Mozambique. Other nations internationally have helped Mozambique counterterrorism such as SADC, Portugal, Rwanda, and the EU. Mozambique understands the importance of combating international terrorism, and we ensure that we will help fight for this cause.

One of our biggest concerns regarding fighting counterterrorism is the citizens of the nation. As a republic that’s had millions of citizens displaced due to terrorist actions, we fully understand the importance of taking action on such issues of terrorism. We have personally started strengthening security around the borders of Mozambique where many people who were formerly displaced are now coming back home. Also, we have tried to stop as much corruption as we can and financial bribing that help fund these terrorist groups such as ISIS in our nation and we urge others to do the same. Moreover, our efforts have included being a part of the National Working Group of Voluntary Principles of Safety which has brought together civilians, stakeholders, the government, the private sector, and international support to help us counterterrorism. Ultimately, we believe that nations need to come together and bring diverse options for combating counterterrorism while also having favorable human rights. Mozambique looks forward to working with other nations on this topic.

Works Cited
Hummel, Kristina. “The Enduring Counterterrorism Challenge in Mozambique.” Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, Combating Terrorism Center, 23 Mar. 2023, ctc.westpoint.edu/the-enduring-counterterrorism-challenge-in-mozambique/.
“Mozambique – United States Department of State.” U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of State, 7 Dec. 2023, www.state.gov/reports/country-reports-on-terrorism-2021/mozambique/.
“Mozambique – United States Department of State.” U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of State, 7 Dec. 2023, www.state.gov/reports/2022-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/mozambique/#:~:text=Significant%20human%20rights%20issues%20included,widespread%20civilian%20deaths%20or%20harm%2C.

Topic: 2024-Balancing Human Rights
Country: Indonesia
Delegate Name: Davis Mortenson

For the past several decades, civilians all around the world have suffered the highest cost of wars fought in the name of Counterterrorism. The Republic of Indonesia recognizes the dire need to protect people from terrorist organizations, as well as protect the rights of civilians within areas known to harbor these organizations. Counterterrorism policies of countries worldwide have proven ineffective, often strengthening the resolve of groups against governments with these policies. These policies often violate the human rights of civilians and insurgents without effectively addressing security concerns and a sustainable resolution to conflicts.

Terrorist attacks strike at the very heart of the country it targets, however, a government mustn’t act out of rash anger or in the interest of appealing to the popular opinion of its population. Indonesia believes it imperative to encourage countries that endure these terrorist attacks to work with humanitarian groups to form a reasoned, nuanced response against these groups.

Indonesia is a member of the Asia Pacific Group on Money Laundering, and through our membership in that group, have been able to convict countless individuals for financing terrorism throughout the region. On January 6th, 2021, Indonesia issued a presidential executive order for Countering Violent Extremism by managing deradicalization programs for terrorist convicts and establishing boarding schools to educate the children of former terrorists.

In line with these positions, Indonesia emphasises the need for an internationally enshrined, human rights-compliant counterterrorism framework that is both effective and respectful of these rights. This approach aligns with the United Nations’ efforts to promote and ensure the protection of human rights in the context of counterterrorism. Indonesia wishes to implement the solutions worldwide that it has implemented domestically. These include rehabilitation programs for radicalized individuals and ensuring the safety and future education of children of convicted terrorists so they do not follow the route of their parents. In committee, Indonesia wishes to collaborate with any delegates who wish to delicately balance these initiatives in any number of resolutions throughout the conference.

Topic: 2024-Balancing Human Rights
Country: Philippines
Delegate Name: Rekshitha Rajeshkumar

The Philippines understands how important it is to deal with terrorism, a huge threat throughout the world, while still defending human rights. The Philippines has experienced problems with internal security and is aware of the careful balancing act needed to keep our citizens’ rights. The Philippines believes that all people have a basic right to human rights. We want to keep the process of freedom of speech and other rights. Counterterrorism actions have to protect these rights and avoid unnecessary influence. We are in favor of international collaboration to fight against terrorism. The collaboration shouldn’t put human rights at risk. The Philippines believes that sharing information, improving border security and laws that help keep people’s privacy are important. The Philippines also believes in solving the root causes of terrorism, like social exclusion, injustice, and poverty. Terrorism can be stopped and society can be peaceful if we take time to involve the community, grow our economy, and invest in education.
For a long time, the Philippines has been dealing with terrorism, especially in the southern Mindanao region. The New People’s Army and Abu Sayyaf are two military groups that have shown ris for the Philippines’ security. We are still dedicated to protecting democratic principles and human rights. Operations against terrorism are regularly carried out by the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP). The Philippines understands the need to find a safe balance between Human Rights and Counterterrorism. International humanitarian law guides our military to protect civilians and avoid most collateral damage. The Philippines works with international organizations, such as the United Nations, to improve human rights protocols. Through this, important protocols have been approved. Our National Human Rights Commission looks for violations and encourages responsibility throughout the nation. There have been cases of unjust arrests and murders without trial. We realize these problems and are dedicated to finding sincere solutions.
The Philippines suggests using society and creating results that last to find a safe balance and make a change. The Philippines urges the participating countries to carry out plans that solve multiple issues like security issues as well as human rights. This includes projects involving communities, changes to the judicial system, and law enforcement reforms. The Philippines also wants nations to create a fund that will help developing nations strengthen their abilities, especially focusing on legal changes, sharing information, and law enforcement training. Successful counterterrorism can be achieved by strengthening institutions to educate the public. The Philippines encourages communication between communities that have been impacted, governments, and societal movements. Developing inclusive policies guarantees that counterterrorism initiatives uphold human rights and will receive the people’s support.

Topic: 2024-Balancing Human Rights
Country: Germany
Delegate Name: Tristan Gerville-Reache

Terrorism is not taken lightly. With the passing of 22 years since the tragedy of September 11th, 2001, terrorism has been on the rise. Although attempts to implement counterterrorism strategies, many countries have violated human rights. It is under our understanding that the following of human rights is fundamental for a successful governing body. That being said, we must use counterterrorism strategies that do not violate any human rights.

Germany, among many, agrees that government spying on the masses is not an effective way to combat terrorism, and instead, urges combatting existing terrorist groups. In 2020, we allocated more resources for this cause, trying to eradicate existing extremist and radicalist groups. We are in full support of counterterrorist organizations and humanitarian organization’s aid in helping combat global terrorism. With that and counterterrorism laws, we may see a direct improvement in global safety.

There must be balance in the global community. Reform and legislation should work together to put terrorism to rest. The United Nations must come to an agreement on laws and reform that do not violate human rights and that effectively combat terrorism. We encourage full participation from all allies to support safe and effective methods of counterterrorism in order to make the world a safe world for all.

Topic: 2024-Balancing Human Rights
Country: United Kingdom
Delegate Name: RJ,Langen

Topic: 2024-Balancing Human Rights and Counterterrorism
Country: United Kingdom
Delegate Name: RJ Langen
Forest Hills Northern

The United Kingdom is committed to upholding human rights and the rule of law in its efforts to counter terrorism and violent extremism. We believe that these values are essential for the long-term security and stability of our nation and the international community. We recognize that terrorism poses a serious threat to peace, security, development, and human rights, and we condemn all acts of terrorism in the strongest terms. We also acknowledge that states have the primary responsibility to protect their citizens from terrorism, and we support their efforts to do so under international law.

The United Kingdom is an active member of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (SPECPOL) of the United Nations General Assembly, and we welcome the opportunity to participate in the discussions on this important topic. We appreciate the work of the Secretary-General and his Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism, and we urge all states to cooperate fully with them. We also support the role of the Human Rights Council and its mechanisms in addressing human rights issues related to counter-terrorism.

The United Kingdom has a comprehensive and balanced approach to counter-terrorism, which is guided by our national strategy, CONTEST. This strategy aims to reduce the risk to the UK and its interests overseas from terrorism, by pursuing four objectives: prevent, pursue, protect, and prepare. Under each of these objectives, we have a range of policies and measures that are designed to respect and protect human rights, while ensuring effective action against terrorism. For example, we have robust legal frameworks and oversight mechanisms that regulate the use of counter-terrorism powers, such as arrest, detention, surveillance, prescription, and sanctions. We also have programs that aim to prevent radicalization and violent extremism, such as Prevent, which works with individuals and communities to address the root causes of extremism and provide support for those who are at risk of being drawn into terrorism. We also have initiatives that promote dialogue, tolerance, and respect for diversity, such as Building a Stronger Britain Together, which supports civil society organizations that work to counter extremist narratives and promote positive alternatives.

The United Kingdom is also a strong advocate for multilateral cooperation and coordination on counter-terrorism issues, both within the UN system and beyond. We are a founding member of the Global Counterterrorism Forum (GCTF), which is a platform for sharing best practices and expertise on countering terrorism and violent extremism. We are also a member of the Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force (CTITF) and its working groups, which aim to enhance coherence and coordination among UN entities on counter-terrorism issues. We support the implementation of the UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy and its four pillars, which provide a comprehensive framework for addressing the conditions conducive to terrorism, preventing and combating terrorism, ensuring respect for human rights and the rule of law, and strengthening the role of the UN. We also endorse the recommendations of the Secretary-General’s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism, which calls for a holistic approach that addresses the drivers of extremism and promotes a culture of peace.

The United Kingdom believes that there is no trade-off between human rights and counter-terrorism. On the contrary, we believe that respect for human rights is essential for effective counter-terrorism. We are committed to working with our partners in SPECPOL and other relevant forums to advance this agenda and ensure that our collective efforts to counter terrorism are consistent with our obligations under international law.

Works Cited
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/counter-terrorism-strategy-contest-2023
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/

Topic: 2024-Balancing Human Rights
Country: Albania
Delegate Name: Adilyn Petros

When terrorism strikes, its immediate devastating effects are painfully obvious. But the fear and mistrust it creates has deep and corrosive long-term effects on society. The need to protect people from such attacks is clear, but at the same time we must carefully consider the impact of counter-terrorism measures.

Albania is deeply committed to the protection and promotion of human rights, including through our foreign policy. Convinced that respect of fundamental rights and freedoms for all individuals and groups is a key precondition for long-lasting peace, security and sustainable development, we will work to advance human rights standards around the world.
Currently, The terrorism threat in Albania consists of foreign terrorist organizations’ attempts to radicalize Albanian youth to violence. Albania continues its strong support of international counter terrorism efforts- we have adopted national strategies on counter terrorism and countering violent extremism and are revising the strategy.

There is still room for improvement- we can avoid discrimination against specific groups. For example, religious followers can be more prone to criminal investigations, as some religious practices can also be misinterpreted as signs of radicalization. This calls for guidance and training to avoid such bias and misunderstanding as well as data collection to assess the impact on different groups.
Albania will support the strengthening of multilateral policies and practices that address all drivers of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, with a focus on countering terrorist narratives, both online and offline, in a balanced manner.

Topic: 2024-Balancing Human Rights
Country: United States of America
Delegate Name: Thomas Stoffel

Topic: 2024-Balancing Human Rights and Counterterrorism
Country: United States of America
Delegate Name: Thomas Stoffel
The United States of America
Greenhills School
4th Committee: Special Political and Decolonization Committee (SPECPOL)
Since 9/11, national security has been on the forefront of policy in the United States. While free speech and freedom of expression are in the United State’s constitution, steps need to be taken to make sure that these fundamental rights are not exploited in a way comparable to 9/11. This requires the Government to exhibit an updated sense of surveillance over its citizens in order to keep our society safe. This idea is facilitated in The Patriot Act which allows the government to survey suspected agents of a foreign nation or foreign group that is suspected to plan harm to the United States. While some may argue that this is a breach of rights, the United States believes that it is better to harmlessly survey the wrong person than to have another 9/11.
The United States regrettably believes that this is the best possible way in order to stop terrorist attacks across the world, and for world safety we must waive certain rights for suspected terrorists to protect the rights of all others in our society.
The United States emphasizes foreign assistance with these initiatives with the Counter-Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate passed in the Security Council helping to find any gaps and review counter terrorism resolutions with the UN Committee of Counter Terrorism. These two groups together increase collaboration between nations affected by terrorism, both the United States was a key sponsor to form post 9/11.
In conclusion, in committee, the United States would like to expand on these two ideas by expanding the power of the UN to strike preemptively at suspected terrorists with a resolution based on the Patriot Act with increased powers being proposed to the Counter Terrorism wing of the United Nations.
Works Cited
“Surveillance under the USA/Patriot Act.” American Civil Liberties Union, www.aclu.org/documents/surveillance-under-usapatriot-act#:~:text=Under%20the%20Patriot%20Act%2C%20the,the%20Fourth%20Amendment%20explicitly%20requires. Accessed 15 Feb. 2024.
“Office of Counter-Terrorism |.” United Nations, United Nations, www.un.org/counterterrorism/. Accessed 15 Feb. 2024.
UN, documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/n18/459/79/pdf/n1845979.pdf?token=yu24amncsHFLHLVwUt&fe=true. Accessed 16 Feb. 2024.

Topic: 2024-Balancing Human Rights
Country: India
Delegate Name: Julia Malone

SpecPol
Republic of India
Balancing Human Rights and Counterterrorism

Human rights and counterterrorism are both valued in Indian policy. During our recent tenure in the Security Council, we chaired the Committee on Terrorism. India suffered from 153 terrorist attacks in 2021, causing the deaths of 274 people, 36 of whom were civilians. While India values free speech, we realize that sometimes, free speech descends into the realm of hate speech and even violence. India currently enforces the 2017 UN Security Council resolution on counterterrorism (UNSCR 2396) through watchlists, biometric data, and prioritizing information sharing, concentrating all of these efforts at points of entry to the country.

While the United Nations has traditionally measured the effectiveness of counterterrorism measures in death tolls, this measure can be ineffectual and not reminiscent of the full picture. As India, we strive for ‘zero error’ military operations that maximize efficiency and accuracy. We approach terrorism in the same somewhat pragmatic approach. India would like to see increased accuracy in current technologies to prevent the unnecessary killing of civilians, stronger monitoring systems on the Internet to prevent anti-Indian rhetoric, and stronger border security internationally. We could accomplish these goals by investing in research to improve biometric technologies, encouraging private companies to restrict violent speech, and encouraging countries to strengthen their borders to prevent international acts of terrorism. India believes it also may be wise to define terms such as ‘speech’ and ‘terrorism’ in order to prevent their improper use in future conflicts.

Additionally, a noticeable fallacy of current counterterrorism resolutions is their lack of inclusion of humanitarian groups in their combat of violence. Humanitarian groups are often the first groups to provide aid to civilians after terrorist attacks and are peaceful in motive. The inclusion of humanitarian groups in policymaking therefore provides a nuanced approach to combating counterterrorism and by working in tandem, humanitarian and governmental groups can come together to form the best solutions to combat terrorism.

India looks forward to working with all delegates in committee and is excited to see everyone’s ideas!

Works Cited
“India.” The World Factbook, https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/india/. Accessed 15 Feb. 2024.
“About NSG.” National Security Guard, https://nsg.gov.in/about-us/about-nsg. Accessed 15 Feb. 2024.
“India.” United States Department of State, 23 Feb. 2023, https://www.state.gov/reports/country-reports-on-terrorism-2021/india/#:~:text=International%20and%20Regional%20Cooperation%3A%20In,and%20the%20Libya%20Sanctions%20Committee. Accessed 15 Feb. 2024.
“Ministry of Home Affairs.” Government of India, https://www.mha.gov.in/en/divisionofmha/border-management-i-division. Accessed 15 Feb. 2024.
“Safeguarding the Indian Borders.” Indian Defence Review, 27 Dec. 2022, https://www.indiandefencereview.com/spotlights/safeguarding-the-indian-borders/#:~:text=From%20March%202004%2C%20the%20SSB,personnel%20spread%20over%2073%20battalions. Accessed 15 Feb. 2024.

Topic: 2024-Balancing Human Rights
Country: Australia
Delegate Name: Kaya Dragan

With technology on the rise, the importance of maintaining human rights regulations remains prominent. For instance, Australia has recently passed a privacy act, protecting citizen’s right to privacy while being on the internet, specifically in automated decision making (ADM), collection, use, disclosure of personal information and consent. Taking inspiration from our policy, Australia believes nations that share the same interest benefit from granting their citizens free speech on the internet, while also enforcing digital protection rights.

As we are on our eighth version of The United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, we still maintain visible flaws. As stated in GA Res. 77/298: “Deeply concerned by the use of the Internet and other information and communications technologies, including social media platforms, for terrorist purposes, including the continued spread of terrorist content, and encouraging Member States to work together…” although we still undergo a large percentage of terrorists utilizing underground platforms at the expense of people losing access to personal freedoms and experiencing privacy breaches. Australia is concerned with the means of gathering counter-terrorism intelligence while being grudgingly in human rights violations of countries’ own people.

What is necessary to comprehend is that countries who do not follow Human Rights regulations do not endure any consequences on a global scale. Knowing this, Australia proposes the creation of a Human Rights Advisor trained through the UN and Interpol’s current programs. These advisors would work directly with the member state’s current government to help determine if proposed local legislation meets the approved requirements set by the United Nations Counter-Terrorism Committee (UNCTC). If so, the advisor would guide the government through passing legislations that abide by human rights regulations. Australia is interested in working with all nations to resolve this pressing issue.

Topic: 2024-Balancing Human Rights
Country: Cuba
Delegate Name: Layne Cleveland

The Republic of Cuba
Bay City Central High School
4th Committee: Special Political and Decolonization Committee (SPECPOL)

Maintaining a balance between Human Rights and continuing strong efforts against Terrorism is a delicate balancing act. Many nations have been struck recently by harrowing terror attacks, with the most major one to date being the September 11th, 2001 terror attacks on the Twin Towers in the United States. If there is a point to name as to where the issue with modern counterterrorism and the breaching of human rights, it is with the September 11th Attacks, as it kicked into motion the grievous breaking of human rights that was the “Patriot Act”, effectively allowing the United States to spy on its citizens. The measures following the September 11th Attacks have caused more harm than good, as it has allowed the government to peer into the lives of the citizens, while not being effective in negating terrorism. Cuba, in particular, has had multiple terrorist attacks on our embassy in the United States since 2020, with the most recent being on September 24, 2023, when two Molotov cocktail fire bombs were thrown at the Cuban embassy building. Regardless, the far-reaching consequences of terrorism must be addressed without breaching the rights of the citizens of a given country.
One noticeable part of counterterrorist legislation is the lack of involvement of humanitarian organizations in the process of writing and enactment, likely being a main factor leading to the breaches in human and civil rights in the legislation of various counterterrorism laws. Oversight by these organizations is a great need for maintaining a balance between fighting terrorism and keeping the rights of citizens safe.
There must be a balance maintained in the legislation of counterterrorism reform. Cuba proposes involving a mix of counterterrorism-dedicated organizations and humanitarian organizations to achieve the goal of first; enhancing the ability for legislation to be more effective by involving more groups than a single government, as singular efforts have often been ineffective thus far, and two; ensuring that rights are maintained for the citizens of the country, with oversight from humanitarian organizations, and allow intervention if the organizations come to a consensus on what is ‘acceptable’ measures.

Position papers for SIMUN 2024 will appear above this line, with the newest being at the top.